Unit 7 International charities 语法精讲课件

UnitSevenInternationalcharitiesrammarLearningaimsTolearntoformthepassivevoiceinthesimplefuturetenseTolearntousethepassivevoiceinthesimplefuturetenseHowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?LeadinTask1易水寒江雪敬奉WatchandsayLookandsay:

Patientsaredoneoperationsonbythem.WhatdoORBISdoctorsandnursesdo?ORBISdoctorsdooperations.

Whatistheplaneusedas?Itisusedasahospital.Itisalsousedasatrainingcentre.

They

built

anewbridge.

Anewbridgewasbuiltbythem.Activevoice主动语态Passivevoice被动语态They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoes

aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词变为被动语态Hisbrother

speaks

Englishevery

day.主谓宾(受动者)English

isspoken

byhisbrother

every

day.改一改易水寒江雪敬奉1.Themainroad

(clean).2.Manyposters

(paint).3.Abigappletree

(plant).4.Alotoffamoussingers

(invite).

5.Somegoodadvice

(give).6.Allthethings

(check).

areinvitedarepaintedisplantediscleanedisgivenarechecked一般现在时被动语态用填一填易水寒江雪敬奉Thenewsletterarticleisnotwritten.Thesnacksforthesingersarenotbought.Subject

benot

V.(p.p)++Negativesentencesinsimplepresenttense

They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词变为被动语态易水寒江雪敬奉Ahotel

(build).Colorfullights

(use).Alloftheflowers

(water).Thenewsletterarticle

(write).Thesnacksforguests

(buy).Thedancingshow

(hold).Thepublicsigns

(make).Theanimals

(feed).wasbuiltwereusedwerewateredwaswrittenwereboughtwasheldweremadewerefed一般过去时被动语态用填一填HowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?SummaryTask2

英语语态被动语态的构成

workedopenedclosed

seentaught

asked

work

close

openask

seeteache.g.由助动词be

+及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,

2.或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。被动语态结构：be+(及物动词的)

过去分词

+(by…)语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。如：Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.我们每天都打扫教室。Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.教室每天都被(我们)打扫。被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时判断：被动语态(A)/主动语态(B);被动语态要划出动词部分．1）MillieandAmytookthelittlecattotheanimalcenteryesterday.2）The79-year-oldmanwassavedoutofafirelastyear.3）Thiskindofcakeiscalledmooncake.4）Peopleuseakeyboardtotypeinformationintothecomputer.5）Thewindowsinourclassroomarecleanedonceaweek.BBAAA被动语态的基本构成主语be动词过去分词一般现在时Iamsupported.You/We/TheyareHe/She/Itis一般过去时Iwassupported.You/We/TheywereHe/She/ItwasRule1主动语态：S（主语）+V（谓语）+O（宾语）被动语态：S（主语）+V(被动结构)+byO（宾语）转换步骤1原句的宾语变主语，宾变主.2和原句的时态保持一致，看时态。3找出对应的谓语动词，变分词。主动语态和被动语态的句式转换主动语态主语She谓语(主动式)hurt宾语me.被动语态原宾语(改为主格)I谓语(被动式)washurtby原主语(改为宾格)her.move写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词:visitvisitedvisited

movedmovedverb＋ed以e结尾＋dstudystudiedstudied以辅音字母加y结尾的词,去y＋ied.clapclappedclapped以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母＋ed敬奉thespecial“by”1.Thepostersarepaintedbythedesigners.2.ThepublicsignsaremadebyJack.3.Thenewsletteriswrittenbyyou.Subject

be+V.(p.p)byPerformer(动作实施者)

+++HowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?PracticeTask3areplannedtohelpthepoorWhat

theydoeveryyear1.Charityactivities_________________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).AarehandedouttopeopleLeaflets__________________________________________________(handout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).inthestreetbyvolunteersToysandCDs_____________________(sell/toraisemoney).aresoldtoraisemoneyWhattheydidlastweekNewbooks___________________________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentsWarmclothes__________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).werecollectedforpoorpeopleAcharityshow_____________________________(hold/theStudents’Union).washeldbytheStudents’UnionAmy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsinallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.

wassetupwasopenedaresoldisusedBAmy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.BDaniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem________(call)ProjectHope.It__________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry__________(give)basiceducation.

iscalled

wasstartedaregivenAmy:Yea.Manyschools__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.arebuiltHowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?DiscussionTask4主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，当主语和谓语动词构成被动关系时，通常需要用被动语态。汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词来表示被动，而英语中则用“be+动词的过去分词”来表示。Rule2Weusetheactivevoicewhenitisimportanttoknowwhoperformstheaction.当重要的是知道谁是动作执行者时，我们用主动语态。Whentousetheactivevoice?

Itisobviouswhoperformstheaction.

动作的执行者是谁是很明显的。

Theplaneisusedasatrainingcentre.

Whentousethepassivevoice?

Wedonotknowordonotneedtoknowwhoperformstheaction.

我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或不需要知道动作执行者是谁。

Hiseyeproblemwascuredtwomonthsago.Whentousethepassivevoice?

Theactionismoreimportantthanthepersonwhoperformstheaction.

我们强调是动作承受者而不是动作的执行者。

Thelivesofthepatientswitheyeproblemsareimproved.Whentousethepassivevoice?1、动词(表示主语的属性特征)

+副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…Thebooks____well．

A.weresoldB.sellC.havesoldD.arebeingsoldThiskindofcloth____easily．

A.haswashedB.waswashedC.washesD.iswashedBC主动式表被动义Rule32、不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时,用主动式表被动义。difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good,comfortable,light,heavy,safe,…Thefishisnotfit_______(eat)．WefindEnglishishard_______(learn)．Thearticleisdifficult___________(understand).toeattolearntounderstand3、不定式作后置定语,与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系,又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时,用主动式表被动义。Ihavealotofhomework______(do)．I’llgivehimsomebooks______(read)．todotoread4、表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。(look,sound,feel,smell,taste,prove,appear,make,...)Thesteelfeelscold．5、

表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut,move,run,...)Theshopopensat6am.everyday．6、

作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。Yourjacketneedswashing/tobewashed．Mycarneeds________(wash)．Thehouserequires_______(repair)washingrepairingHowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?语法大闯关Task5易水寒江雪敬奉火眼金睛Ahotelbuilt.Colorfullightswasused.Alloftheflowerswerewatering.Thenewsletterarticleweren’twritten.Thesnacksforguestswerebuyed.Thedancingshowswasn’theld.Thepublicsignswerenotmake.Theanimalsfed.wasn’twerewateredwasboughtweren’tmadewereʌʌ1.Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.2.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.3.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.4.Theyusedthisroomforresting.5.Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.Manytreeswereplantedbythemyearsago.HowisPeterlike?Ishegoodatsports?Hisfutureplanistobecomeadoctor,right?中考链接Task61.It'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________（build）twomonthsago．2.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______（speak）intheworld？3.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．4.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.

5.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.

6.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.

7.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.8.Look!Someone__________(dance).

wasbuiltisspokenwerecutaresoldiscleanedsellssmellsisdancing填一填1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.

areusedarecleaned改一改*3.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.4.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.

wasmadetohave

canbe

used5.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?6.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMust

be

finished7.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.8.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemended

mustbe

taken9.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.10.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?

is

studiedIs

talked

bythem1.TodayEnglish_______alloverChina.A.teach