专题02 Unit 3-4 复习课件【考点串讲】-2023-2024学年八年级英语下学期期中考点大串讲（人教版）

人教版八年级下期中考点串讲Unit3-Unit4目录CONTENTUnit3-4重点词汇、短语Unit3-4知识点梳理

语法精讲：情态动词could语法精讲：until、sothat、although引导的状语从句23415

语法精讲：表建议的句型一、重点单词1．mess(n.)杂乱；不整洁→

messy

⁠(adj.)杂乱的2．throw(v.)扔；掷→

threw

⁠(过去式)→

thrown

⁠(过去分词)3．

pass

⁠(v.)给；递；走过；通过；及格；合格；(时间)过去；流逝4．

borrow

⁠(v.)借；借用5．lend(v.)借给；借出→

lent

⁠(过去式/过去分词)6．

stress

⁠(n.)精神压力；心理负担；重音；重读(v.)强调；着重7．

anyway

⁠(adv.)而且；无论如何；即使这样messy

threw

thrown

pass

borrow

lent

stress

anyway

Unit3-4重点词汇8．depend(v.)依靠；依赖→

dependence

⁠(n.)依靠→

dependent

⁠(adj.)依靠的；依赖的→

independent

⁠(adj.)独立的；自主的→

independence

⁠(n.)独立9．develop(v.)发展；壮大→

development

⁠(n.)发展；发育；成长→

developed

⁠(adj.)发达的→

developing

⁠(adj.)发展中的10．neighbo(u)r(n.)邻居→

neighbo(u)rhood

⁠(n.)街区；街坊11．ill(adj.)有病；不舒服→

illness

⁠(n.)疾病；病12．drop(v.)落下；掉下；(水平)降低；(数量)减少(n.)滴；水珠→

dropped

⁠(过去式/过去分词)→

dropping

⁠(现在分词)dependence

dependent

independent

independence

development

developed

developing

neighbo(u)rhood

illness

dropped

dropping

13．fair(adj.)合理的；公正的→

unfair

⁠(反义词)(adj.)不合理的；不公正的→

fairness

⁠(n.)公正性；合理性unfair

fairness

14．

allow

⁠(v.)允许；准许15．argue(v.)争吵；争论→

argument

⁠(n.)争吵；争论16．

instead

⁠(adv.)代替；反而；却17．

whatever

⁠(pron.)任何；每一；无论什么18.

nervous

⁠(adj.)焦虑的；担忧的allow

argument

instead

whatever

nervous

19．proper(adj.)正确的；恰当的→

properly

⁠(adv.)恰当地20．communicate(v.)交流；沟通→

communication

⁠(n.)交流；沟通properly

communication

21．explain(v.)解释；说明→

explanation

⁠(n.)解释；说明22．

clear

⁠(adj.)清楚易懂的；晴朗的；清澈的；透明的(v.)清理；清除23．

anymore

⁠(adv.)(常用于否定句和疑问句末)再也(不)；(不)再24．compete(v.)竞争；对抗→

competition

⁠(n.)竞赛→

competitor

⁠(n.)竞争者→

competitive

⁠(adj.)竞争的；具有竞争力的25．

perhaps

⁠(adv.)可能；大概；也许26．skill(n.)技艺；技巧→

skillful/skilful

⁠(adj.)熟练的；处理巧妙的explanation

clear

anymore

competition

competitor

competitive

perhaps

skillful/skilful

27．

continue

⁠(v.)持续；继续存在28．usual(adj.)通常的；寻常的→

usually

⁠(adv.)通常地；一般地→

unusual

⁠(反义词)(adj.)特别的；不寻常的continue

usually

unusual

1.洗碗_______________________2.倒垃圾_____________________3.叠衣服_____________________4.扫地_______________________5.整理床铺___________________6.打扫客厅___________________do/washthedishestakeouttherubbishdo/washthedishessweepthefloormakethebedsweepthefloorUnit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?短语

7.出去吃饭________________8.在外面待到很晚__________9.搭车____________________10.从事___________________11.帮助解决_______________12.放学回家_______________gooutfordinnerstayoutlategetarideworkonhelpoutwithcomehomefromschool13.过来______________________14.带...散步_________________15.一直______________________16.整天/夜___________________17.顶嘴______________________18.走开______________________19.吃惊_____________________comeovertake...forawalkallthetimeallday/eveningshoutbackwalkawayinsurprise20.分享家务________________21.干净舒适的家____________22.闲逛____________________23.给...递_________________24.向...借_________________25.把某物借给某人__________26.讨厌家务________________sharethehouseworkacleanandcomfortablehomehangoutpasssb.sth./passsth.tosb.borrowsth.fromsb.lendsb.sth./lendsth.tosb.hatetodo/doingchores27.买饮料和零食_______________28.邀请某人参加聚会___________29.去商店______________________30.帮忙家务_________________31.有足够的压力_______________32.没有时间___________________33.浪费时间___________________34.为了______________________buydrinksandsnacksinvitesb.toapartygotothestorehelpwithhouseworkhaveenoughstresshavenotimetodoawasteoftimeinorderto35.取得好成绩________________36.进入好大学_______________37.没有必要去做_____________38.为...提供________________39.介意做某事_______________40.做...不够________________41.发展孩子独立性__________________42.依赖___________getgoodgradesgetintoagooduniversityThereisnoneedtodosth.providesth.forsb./providesb.withsth.minddoingsth.It’snotenoughtododependondevelopchildren’sindependence43.照顾_______________________44.公平的含义_________________45.参与做某事_________________46.结果____________________47.生病____________________48.成绩下降________________49.赞同___________________lookafter/takecareoftheideaoffairnesstakepartinsth/doingasaresultfallillthegradesdroppedagreewith1.有空闲时间2.允许某人做某事3.与某人闲逛4.课外活动课5.与某人吵架/打架6.太多7.学得过多8.有足够的睡眠9.给某人写信10.打电话给某人11.令某人惊讶 12.为了，以便于...

havefreetime

allowsb.todosth.hangoutwithsb.after-schoolclassesgetintoafightwithsb.toomany/muchstudytoomuchwritesb.alettercallsb.upsurprisesb.getenoughsleepso

thatUnit4Whydon’tyoutalktoyourparents?短语13.向某人解释某事14.介意某人做某事15.一直16.悬挂在上方/笼罩17.对某人（不）好18.拒绝做某事19.代替/而不是做某事20.感觉孤单和紧张21.主动提供帮助22.与某人相处得好23.已变得很僵24.经常争吵25.与某人争吵explainsth.tosb.mindsb.doingsth.allthetimehangoverbe(not)nicetosbrefusetodosth.insteadofdoingsth.feellonelyandnervousoffertohelpgeton/along

wellwithsbhavebecomedifficultfightalotarguewithsb1.hangoutwithfriends2.haveafter-schoolclasses3.examskills4.footballtraining5.cutout6.bealwaysdoingsth7.pushsbtodosth8.competewith/against9.compare...with...10.causesbsth26.和朋友（闲逛）27.上补习班28.考试技巧29.足球训练30.删除；删去31.总是做某事32.督促某人做某事33.和......竞争34.与......比较35.给某人添麻烦此处情态动词could并非表示过去时态，而是表示委婉语气，后跟动词原形表达有礼貌地请求或请求允许做某事。表示请求时与please连用会使语气更加委婉。1.Couldyoupleasesweepthefloor?考点

could

CouldIwatchTV?Couldyoupleasegivemeapieceofpaper?Unit3知识点梳理takeout意为＂带出去；取出；拿出；除掉＂，是由＂动词+副词＂构成的动词短语，名词作宾语时放在out前后都可以，代词作宾语时必须将其放在out前。2.Peter,couldyoupleasetakeouttherubbish?考点

takeoutPleasetakeoutapieceofpaper.=Pleasetakeapieceofpaperout.Pleasetakeitout.helpout(withsomething)是一个动词短语，表示在某人繁忙或是遇到困难时“给予帮助”。注意：help与out之间还可以加具体的人3.Tony,couldyoupleasehelpoutwithafewthings?考点

helpoutYouwatchTVallthetimeandneverhelpoutaroundthehouse!Theyhelped(us)outwiththeclean-up.twohoursofTV虽为复数，但却表达一种整体的观念。当时间、长度、距离或其他可数名词表示一个完整的整体概念作主语时，其后的谓语动词用其单数形式。4.IthinktwohoursofTVisenoughforyou!考点

整体作主语Twomonthsisquitealongtime.Thirtystudentsisnotabignumberforaclass.throwv.扔；掷。用作及物动词。throwsb.sth.＝throwsth.tosb.扔给某人某物。throwdown扔下；使倒下。与throw相关的其他短语：throwaway扔掉；丢弃throwsth.at向……扔某物（近）throwsth.to投给……某物（远）5.Ithrewdownmybagandwenttothelivingroom.考点

throwShethrewmeatowel.＝Shethrewatoweltome.Hethrewdownthebookandwentout.Shethrewherselfdowninthebedandfellasleep.theminute在此引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”，相当于assoonas。theminute引导时间状语从句时，遵从“主将从现”主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时。6.TheminuteIsatdowninfrontoftheTV,mymomcameover.考点

theminuteAssoonasIsatdowninfrontoftheTV,mymomcameover.ThemomentIsatdowninfrontoftheTV,mymomcameover.as...as意为“和……一样”，表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。其基本结构为：as+

adj./

adv.

+as。7.I’mjustastiredasyouare!考点

as......asThis

film

is

as

interesting

as

that

one.Your

pen

writes

as

smoothly

as

mine.Linda

is

astallasme.8.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.考点

neitherNeitherofuslikesapples.Sheisn’tateacher,neitheramI.Tomdoesn’tlikeapples,neitherdoI.(1)作代词，“两者都不”，可与介词of连用，neitherof…结构作主语是谓语动词可单可复。用法(2)作副词,“也不”，“否定句，neither+系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语”

结构，表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合后者的人或物。（neither也可换成nor）固定搭配neither…nor…连接两个并列主语，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。insurprise惊讶地；吃惊地常用于动词之后作方式状语，相当于withsurprise。surprise可作名词也可作动词，常用短语还有：toone'ssurprise“令某人惊讶的是”。9.“Whathappened?”Sheaskedinsurprise.考点

insurprisehelookedupinsurprisewhenIshouted.Tomysurprise,heagreedatlast.Hissuccesssurprisedeveryone.10.Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt?考点

pass(2)走过；通过

Acarpassedjustnow.一辆车刚才经过了。(1)

给；递passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.把某物递给某人(4)考试及格 IwashappythatIpassedtheexam.(3)(时间)过去；流逝

Thedayspassedslowly.日子慢慢过去。pass11.Couldyoulendmesomemoney?考点

lend

(2)borrow

借入非延续性动词，表示主语向别人借东西，

常用结构：borrowsthfromsb(1)

lend借出

非延续性动词，表示主语把东西借给别人，常用结构：lendsbsth或lendsthtosb(3)keep借(多久)

延续性动词，表示＂借某物多长时间＂，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用不同方式的＂借＂考点11辨析provide,offer与giveprovide“供给；提供”，有免费供给的意味。providesb.withsth.＝providesth.forsb.为某人提供某物Itistheparents'jobtoprovideacleanandcomfortableenvironmentathomefortheirchildren.在家中给他们的孩子提供一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的职责。(教材P22)offer“提出；提供”，强调主动提供，别人可以接受，也可以拒绝。offersb.sth.＝offersth.tosb.为某人提供某物Ifyourparentsarehavingproblems,youshouldoffertohelp.如果你的父母有困难，你应该主动提出帮助。(教材P27)give“供给；给”，多指一般性给出，或因别人需要而给。givesb.sth.＝givesth.tosb.给某人某物Iamgoingtogivemyfriendacutedollforherbirthday.我要给我朋友一个可爱的玩具娃娃，作为她的生日礼物。1.Myparentsdon'tallowmetohangoutwithmyfriends.allowv.允许；准许考点Ourteachersdon'tallowustousethemobilephoneatschool.Studentsdon'tallowspeakingintheclassroom.PeoplearenotallowedtoselldrugsinChina.allowallowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事allowdoingsth.允许做某事beallowedtodosth.被允许做某事Unit4知识点梳理fightv.打架，战斗考点2.Igotintoafightwithmybestfriend.（fight–fought-fought）getinto/haveafightwithsb.和某人打架fightfor为…而斗争Thetwoboyshadafightwitheachother.Chinesepeoplefightforcommunism3.MyproblemisthatIcan'tgetonwithmyfamily.geton/alongwithsb.“和某人相处”考点Howareyougettingonwithyourclassmates?Heisapersoneasilytogetonwellwith.1)

thatIcan'tgetonwith...此处作表语,是表语从句。

表语从句与宾语从句一样,要用陈述语序。2)

geton/alongwithsb.

“和某人相处”；

geton/alongwithsth.

“在…方面取得进展”

geton/alongwell/badlywith...“与……相处得(不)好”offer

①v.主动提出；自愿给予②n.主动提出建议；报价；特价考点4.Ifyourparentsarehavingproblems,youshouldoffertohelp.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.向某人提供某事/某物offertodosth.主动提出做某事joboffer工作邀请specialoffers特价Mykidstodayofferedtodothedishes.5.Insteadhewatcheswhateverhewantsuntillateatnight.。

instead

adv.“代替;反而;却”,位于句首/句尾

insteadof

“代替”“不是...而是...”,后跟名词、代词、V-inginsteadadv.“代替;反而;却”考点Idon’tliketheredT-shirt.Iwillbuytheyellowoneinstead.

Hewalkstotheparkinsteadofgoingbycar.

6.Myparentsgivemealotofpressureaboutschool.

pressure

n.压力考点I’mnotabletodowellwiththepressurefrommyjob.Theteamperformswellunderpressure.pressure可指外界施加的压力或工作、生活中的压力。既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词，但一般情况下用作不可数名词。常用短语：putpressureonsb.向某人施加压力underpressure在压力之下7.Othersarepracticesportssothattheycancompeteandwin.

competev.竞争，竞赛考点It’sdifficultforasmallstoretocompetewith/againstasupermarket.They’recompetingforthejob.

compete为不及物动词，常构成的短语：1)competewith/against和......竞争2)

competefor...为......竞争

3)

competition(n)竞争；比赛--competitor(n)竞争者；对手push(v)鞭策、督促考点8.Peopleshouldn’tpushtheirkidssohard.pushsbtodosth督促某人做某事push的其他常见意思：(1)意思是“推动”，其反义词是pull“拉”(2)意思是“按下开关、按钮等”，其同义词是press。Shethanksherparentsforpushinghertostudy.

Igotinandpushedthebuttonforthefourthfloor.cause

v.导致，引起n.原因，起因，理由

考点9.Dr.AliceGreensaysalltheseactivitiescancausealotofstressforchildren.cause(v)作及物动词，常用的结构：causesbsth=cuasesthforsb给某人带来某事(多指麻烦)causesbtodosth导致某人做某事Sheisalwayscausingherparentstrouble.Youhavenocauseforcomplain.10.Thetiredchildrendon’tgethomeuntilafter7:00p.m.not…until…为固定搭配，”直到……才……基本结构：……not＋主句＋until＋从句/时间点not...until...

直到...才...考点Wedidn’tgetoffthebusuntilitstopped.Daviddidn’tgohomeuntilmidnight.(1)肯定句：Couldyou(please)+dosth.?意为“能请你…吗？”

(2)否定句：

Couldyou(please)

not

+dosth.?意为“能请你(不)…吗？”情态动词could用法（一）用于委婉提出要求或请求AskforpermissionCouldyoupleasehelpmefixupthebike?Couldyoupleasenotsmokehere？(1)肯定回答：Yes,Ican./Yes,sure./Allright./Certainly.

/I’dloveto./Noproblem/ThatshouldbeOK.(2)否定回答：

Sorry,Ican't.Ihavetodomyhomework./I'mafraidIcan't.I’mdoingmyhomework./I'dloveto,butI'mgoingtoschool.情态动词could用法（一）用于委婉提出要求或请求Askforpermission--Yes,sure./Sorry,Ican't.Myhandsarefull.--Couldyoupleasehelpmecarrytheseboxes?

(2)肯定回答：

Yes,youcan./Ofcourseyoucan./Yes,please.(1)结构：“CouldI...?”

意为“我能……吗？”用于请求对方允许自己做某事。(3)否定回答：

Sorry,youcan't./I'mafraidyoucan't.No,youmustn’t.情态动词could用法（二）用于请求、许可Makepoliterequests情态动词could用法1.表示请求允许,could和can都可以，但could语气更委婉。2.对别人的请求许可的回答，一般只用can，而不用could.—CouldIuseyourrule?—Ofcourseyoucan.(1)can

can表示一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间

或长辈对晚辈、上级对下级的场合；

Canyoutellusyourstory,Tony?

(2)could

could表示有礼貌的请求，语气委婉，

常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈、下级对上级的场合。

CouldyoutellusifitsnowsinwinterinFrance?辨析情态动词could用法(2)表委婉的建议.“可以做...“

Youcouldaskyourteacherforhelp.(1)表能力.can的过去式.“能够“IcouldplaythepianowhenIwassixyearsold.(3)表推测.把握不大，比can可能性要小，用于肯定句中。“可能”

Hecouldhavegonehome.GrammarFocus情态动词could用法could其他用法GrammarFocus情态动词could考点

考点一.could表能力，能够。Thelovelyboycouldridethebikeattheageofsix.考点二.could表委婉请求。Sorrytotroubleyou,butcouldIspeaktoyouforawhile?考点三.could表推测，可能性小。ItcouldbeLingling'sbook,butI'mnotsure.LiuHuilikesreading,too.until作连词，意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句。I'llstayhereuntilyoucomeback.1.主句是肯定句时，其谓语用延续性动词，强调主句的动作或状态一直持续到从句的动作发生时为止，译成“直到……为止”。Wecan'tgetoffthebusuntilitstops.Wedidn'tstartourdiscussionuntilhearrived.2.主句是否定句时，其谓语用非延续性动词，强调主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始，一般译成“直到……才……”。until引导的时间状语从句语法精讲：until、sothat、although引导的状语从句sothat引导的目的状语从句sothat意为“为了，以便”，引导目的状语从句，相当于inorderthat，从句中多含有can,could,may,might等情态动词。ItookataxisothatIcouldgetthereearlier.Themoviewasboringsothathalfoftheaudiencewasasleep.【拓展延伸】sothat还可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此；所以”，此时从句中通常不含情态动词。although引导的让步状语从句

although