2024年人教版高一英语同步讲义（必修第三册）Unit 4 Space Exploration：Period 1 Reading and Thinking（学案）（原卷版）

Book3Unit4SpaceExplorationPeriod1ReadingandThinking001预习导学Ⅰ.单词认读关(先填后记诵)基础词汇记其形1.回收利用___________________________ 2.肌肉，实力，影响力___________________3.缺乏，短缺__________________________ 4.否则，要不然________________________5.在更远处，超出______________________ 6.当前的，水流，电流，思潮______________7.足够的，充足的_____________________ 8.毛巾，抹布__________________________9.纸巾，（细胞的）组织__________________10.设施，设备_________________________二、核心词汇记中变____________adj．有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的(=________=_________=_________=_________)→_____________n.智力；才智；智慧____________adj．有决心的；意志坚定的→_____________vt.查明；确定；决定→_____________n.决心____________n．（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处→_____________n.（企业、政治等的）代理人，经纪人___________adj.失望的；沮丧的→___________adj.令人失望的→___________vt.使失望→_____________n.失望✿________vt.使抑郁;使沮丧_____________adv．独立地；自立地→_____________adj．独立的；自立的→____________n.独立→____________adj.依靠的，依赖的→____________n.信赖，依赖→___________v.依靠；依赖✿短语：依赖，依靠：_______/______/______/___________/_______________vt.＆vi.标志着;标明;发信号n.信号；标志→_________n.迹象；手势v.签（名）；打手势→___________n.签名,签字____________vt．回收利用;再利用→____________n.再循环→_________n.循环;自行车vt.使循环;使轮转vi.骑自行车;循环;轮转___________adj．当前的；现在的n.水流；电流；思潮→___________adv.现时；目前；当前；时下=____________=______________________n．地球；世界；地球仪→____________adj．全球的；全世界的→_____________v.使全球化→____________n.全球化__________vt．＆vi．论证；争辩；争论→_____________n.争论；争吵；论点✿注意:argue变成名词需要去____再加_______三、阅读词汇识其义1.solaradj.____________2.universen.____________3.giantadj.____________n.____________4.oxygenn.____________5.monitorn.____________vt.____________6.agencyn.____________7.transmitvt.&vi.____________8.datan.[pl.]____________9.spacecraftn.____________10.currentadj.____________n.____________11.sufficientadj.____________12.facilityn.____________13.patternn.____________14.high-endadj.____________Ⅱ.语块记诵关(先填后记诵)1.最后_____________________________________2.所以，结果(是)_____________________________________3.在（宇宙飞船/船/飞机）上_____________________________________4.耗尽，用完_____________________________________5.养活他的家人_____________________________________6.弄清楚_____________________________________7.导致，造成_____________________________________8.继续做，坚持干_____________________________________9.为了_____________________________________10.太阳系_____________________________________11.相信_____________________________________12.专注于_____________________________________13.各种各样的_____________________________________14.与某人争吵_____________________________________15.成功做……_____________________________________16.提供生活所需_____________________________________17.在……方面取得进步_____________________________________18.抱着……的希望_____________________________________Ⅲ.佳句赏析关(先赏后译).[教材原文]...YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.【难句剖析】____________________________________【翻译】____________________________________[教材原文]Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.【难句剖析】____________________________________【翻译】____________________________________002语篇理解Step1Pre­readingBeforeyoureadthepassage，lookatthetitleandthephotos，thendiscussthesequestions.Predict:SPACE：THEFINALFRONTIERFrontier：(1)__________，whichmightmeanhuman’s(2)_____________________________________.Chinesemeaning：(3)___________________Fromthetitleandthephotos,wecanknowthatthetextmightbeabout(4)_________________________________.Soitmaybea(n)(5)________________________.Step2While­readingTask1:Fastreading1).Severalsentenceshavebeenremovedfromthetext.Readthesentencesandthinkaboutthefollowingquestions.Thenreadthetextandchoosethecorrectsentence(A~D)tofilleachgap.A.Althoughscientiststrytomakesurenothinggoeswrong,accidentscanstillhappen.B.Theyalsoreallywishtodiscoverotherplanetsthataresuitableenoughtosupportlife.C.Thefutureofspaceexplorationremainsbright.D.Aftermanyexperiments,theysucceededinmakingrocketsthatcouldescapeEarth’sgravity.Summarizethemainideawitheachparagraph.Para1:_________________________________________________________________________Para2:_________________________________________________________________________Para3:_________________________________________________________________________Para4:_________________________________________________________________________Para5:_________________________________________________________________________Task2:IntensivereadingReadpara.1anddiscussthefollowingquestions.(1)Whatdopeoplewanttodowhenlookingupatthestars?_________________________________________________________________________(2)Whydoscientistsmakevehicles?_________________________________________________________________________2.Choosetherighteventtocompletethetimeline.A.

AmericanVoyager1waslaunchedtostudydeepspaceanditstilltransmitsdatatoday.B.YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.C.Chinahasmadeprogress,suchassendingpeopleintospaceandvehiclesontothemoonandcompletingtheChinesespacewalk.D.

TheSputnik1satellitelaunchedbytheUSSRsuccessfullyorbitedaroundEarth.E.Europe,theUS,andChinaplantoexploreplanetslikeMarsandJupiter.F.Mostpeoplethoughtitwasimpossibletotravelintospace.G.AmericanastronautNeilArmstrongsteppedontothemoon.Readpara.3andanswerthequestions.(1)Whydidthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdie?_________________________________________________________________________(2)WhatdoestheinternationalSpaceStationdo?_________________________________________________________________________(1)Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexploration.(2)ItorbitsEarthandhasastronautsfromdifferentcountriesonboard,providingacontinuoushumanpresenceinspace.4.Readpara.4anddothematch.Vehicles Missions1.Shenzhou52.Shenzhou63.Shenzhou74.JadeRabbit5.Tiangong26.Tianzhou17.Chang'e4 A.Studiedthesurfaceofthemoon.B.Furtheredtheestablishmentofaspacestation.C.Completedasecondmannedorbit.D.Exploredthesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoon.E.Independentlysenthumansintospace.F.CompletedthefirstChinesespacewalk.G.DockedwithTiangong2.5.Readpara.5andchoosethecorrectanswer.1.Whatattitudedoyouthinktheauthorholdstothefutureofspaceexploration?A.worried B.supportive C.doubtful D.opposedStep3Post­readingWhatdoesthetitle“Space:TheFinalFrontier”meantoyou?Shareyourideaswiththewholeclass._________________________________________________________________________Whatarethebenefitsanddrawbacksofspaceexploration?_________________________________________________________________________003语言学习Part1核心词汇1.【词汇拓展】_________adj.有决心的；坚决的→_________n.决心【常用搭配】determinetodosth.决定做某事(强调动作)determineon/upon(doing)sth.就(做)某事做出决定bedeterminedtodosth.决心做某事(强调状态)determinethat...决定……【即学即练】1.Nomatterwhathappens,shehasdetermined_________(tell)thetruth.2.Iamdetermined_________(make)useofmysparetimetodoexercise.3._______(determine)tolookafterhisparentswell,hemovedtolivewiththem.4.Ihavedeterminedon______(go)tothecountrysideaftergraduation.5.我已决定毕业后到农村支教。I_____________________________avolunteerteacherinthecountrysideaftergraduation.2.【词汇拓展】_________vt.使失望;使沮丧;使(希望、计划等)落空;挫败→_________adj.失望的；沮丧的→_________adj.令人失望的；扫兴的→_________n.(不可数)失望;挫折【常用搭配】(be)disappointedat/about/with对……感到失望(be)disappointedtodosth对做某事感到失望(be)disappointedthat从句对……感到失望toone'sdisappointment令人失望的是【即学即练】1.Hewas______________(disappoint)thatotherguestswerenotcoming.2.I'mreallydisappointed____________you,Tom.3.Iwasdisappointed___________notfindingherathome.4.Hewasdisappointed_______(learn)thathisapplicationwasrefused.5.他没有通过考试，这个令人扫兴的消息让我们感到非常失望。Thedisappointingnewsthathefailedtheexam______________________.6.让我们非常失望的是,这次旅行天天下雨。__________________________,itrainedeverydayduringthetrip.3.【词汇拓展】_________n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→_________adj.想要的；可取的；值得拥有的【常用搭配】haveastrongdesiretodosth.迫切想要做某事haveastrongdesireforsth.急于想得到某物desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.想要某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth.渴望……【知识拓展】desire不用于进行时态。意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。【即学即练】1.Ihadastrongdesire______(reach)inandplaywiththetoy,butwasheldbackthankfullybytheshopwindow.2.It'sourdesire________youshouldprovidesomemoneytofundourprogram,aswellasofferussomepracticalsuggestions.3.Wealwaysdesire_________(live)inpeacewithourneighbours.4.Wedesirethatimmediatehelp________(give)tothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrappedbytheflood.4.【词汇拓展】_________adj.依靠的，依赖的→_________n.独立；自主→_________adv.独立地；自立地【常用搭配】beindependentof独立于；不受……约束gainindependence(from)(脱离……)获得独立bedependenton依靠，依赖dependon(＝relyon)依靠，依赖【即学即练】1.Itwasthefirsttimethathehadlived________________(independent).2.警方应该不受政府的直接控制。Thepoliceforce________________________directgovernmentcontrol.3.这个国家在1960年完全独立于英国，当时人们无法掩饰他们的激动之情。Thecountry____________________Britainin1960，whenpeoplecouldn'thidetheirexcitement.4.航班什么时候起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoff___________________.5.signalvt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号n．信号；标志【常用搭配】asignalforsbtodosth一个让某人做某事的信号signaltosbtodosth向某人示意做某事signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signal(sb.)that示意……signal...tosb.向某人示意……trafficsignals交通信号灯【即学即练】1.She_________(signal)thatshewasabouttoturnleft.2.Mymotherissignallingtome_______(remove)thetable.3.当我把手指放在嘴唇上时，那是让你们安静的信号。WhenIputmyfingertomylips,________________________.4.警察向来往车辆打信号，示意缓慢前行。Thepolice_______________________moveforwardslowly.6.【词汇拓展】_________n．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏→_________adj.短缺的；缺乏的【常用搭配】lacksth.缺少某物alackof...……的缺乏forlackof...因缺乏……havenolackof...不缺乏……belackingin缺乏；缺少【即学即练】1.缺乏锻炼让你身体虚弱，容易遭受疾病的侵袭。_______________________exerciseleavesyourbodywearandeasilyaffectedbydisease.2.因为缺乏空间，在大城市里越来越多的高楼大厦已经被建造。Moreandmorehigh-risebuildingshavebeenbuiltitbigcities____________________space. 3.吉姆的真正问题是他缺乏自信。Jim'srealproblemisthathe_________________________.4.缺少知识的处境比黑夜更黑暗。_________________________isdarkerthannight.disappointedadj.失望的；沮丧的→_______________adj.令人失望的→_______________vt.使失望→_________________n.失望bedisappointedat/about/withsth.对……感到失望bitterlydisappointed透心凉；心寒【即学即练】Iwasvery_____________(disappoint)withmyself.我对自己感到非常失望。Theconclusionofthebookwas_____________(disappoint).这部书的结尾令人失望。Ihate______________(disappoint)you,butI'mjustnotinterested.我不想使你扫兴，但我确实不感兴趣。Toourgreat_________________(disappoint),itrainedeverydayofthetrip.这次旅行天天下雨，让我们大失所望。keenadj.热衷的；渴望的→_________adv.敏锐地；强烈地；锐利地bekeentodosth.渴望做某事bekeenforsb.todosth.极力要求某人做某事bekeenon(doing)sth.喜欢/热衷于（做）某事bekeenonsb.喜爱某人Frenchmen______________art.Theymusthaveapreferenceforartisticgifts.法国人崇尚艺术，他们一定喜欢艺术性强的礼品吧They'll_______________enhancetheirreputationabroad.他们会非常渴望提高他们在国外的声誉。Parentsarealwayskeen______theirchildrentobesuccessful,makingtheirchildrenverystressful.父母总是渴望子女出人头地，这让孩子压力很大。_______________learning,goodatcommunicating,courageousinundertaking,andbraveininnovating.乐于学习，善于沟通，敢于承担，勇于创新。Sheremained___________(keen)interestedininternationalaffairs.她一直对国际事务有强烈的兴趣。Part2核心句型(教材P40)Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace,andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.后来，苏联集中力量把人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有thenext、theonly、thelast等时，常用不定式作后置定语；(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词多是抽象名词，常见的有ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。[佳句背诵]BeijinghasbecomethefirstcitytohostbothSummerandWinterOlympicGames.北京成为第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。[练会]——单句语法填空①Mymotheristhefirstwomaninhervillage_____________(receive)higheducation.②AsfarasIknow，Amywastheonlyperson_____________(witness)thecaraccident.③It'ssaidthatshehastheability_____________(do)thechallengingworkwell.[写美]——完成句子④她是一个网络红人，也是第一个海外粉丝突破千万的中国视频博主(vlogger)。Sheisanonlinecelebrity，whoisalso_______________________________________overseas.(教材P42)Forexample,usingcurrenttechnology,itwouldtakeovertwoyearstogettotheclosestplanet,Mars,andback.例如，使用当前的技术，到达最近的行星——火星，之后再返回将需要花费两年多的时间。Ittakes...todosth.做某事需要……spendsometime(in)doingsth.花费时间做某事[佳句背诵](1)However,ittookmeseveraldaystoadjusttothelifeofthemountainvillage.然而，我花了好几天的时间来适应这个山村的生活。(2)Engineersspentmuchtimeandenergydevelopingbrilliantsolutions.工程师们花费很多时间和精力来开发完美的解决方案。[练会]——单句语法填空①Ittookhimalongtime_____________(acquire)theskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.②Mrs.Meredithwasamostkindandthoughtfulwoman.Shespentagreatdealoftime_____________(visit)thepoor.[写美]——完成句子③说实话，说出真相需要很大的勇气。Tobehonest,_______________________________________.004随堂小练Part1动词的形式变化和词形转换Witha(determine)look,shemovedforward,openingthedoorandsteppinginside.(disappoint)atfailinginthemathsexam,Johnwouldn’tliketotalkaboutitwithhisparents.3．Peoplesaythat18marksanewchapterinourlives,andthatweshouldbecomemore(dependence).4．Weheadedtothegirl,(signal)toherthatshecouldtakepartinthecampaign.5．Havingtheopportunitytoworkwouldmakeretirementmore(intelligent)formanyseniorcitizens.6．It’sabadloss,butIwas(mental)tough.7．Itisfortunatethathehasbeenchosen(represent)ourschooltocompetewithotherstudentsinthecontest.8．Suchwarnings(keep)awayfromfireshouldbetakenseriously.9．Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysthefirstone(get)up.10．Thecompanyresearchedthemarketdemandanddecided(launch)theirnewproducts.Part2课文语法填空Peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace.Beforethemid­-20thcentury，mostpeoplefelt1.__________(travel)intospacewasanimpossibledream.However,2.____thehelpofscientists，peoplesucceededinrealisingtheirdream3.__________(explore)space.On4October1957，theSputnik1satellite4.____________(launch)bytheUSSR.5.________scientiststrytomakesurenothinggoeswrong，accidentscanstillhappen.Thesedisastersmadeeveryone6.____________(disappoint)，butpeoplestillbelieveintheimportanceof7.________(carry)onspaceexploration.In2003，Chinabecamethethirdcountryto8._____________(independent)sendhumansintospace.ThenShenzhou6and7completed9.___secondmannedorbitandthefirstChinesespacewalk.Inspiteofthedifficulties，scientistshopefuture10.___________(discovery)willnotonlyenableustounderstandtheuniversebutalsohelpussurvivewellintothefuture.005培优提升阅读理解AAlongwitharisingnumberofspacemissionsbygovernmentagenciesandprivateindustries,comesafreshsetofproblemsforEarth:potentiallydangerousspacejunk.ArecentstudypublishedinthescientificjournalNatureAstronomyconcluded“thatcurrentpracticeshavea10percentchanceofoneormoredeathsoveradecade”.Inotherwords,accordingtoresearchersfromtheUniversityofVictoriaandtheUniversityofBritishColumbia,there’sroughlyaone-in-tenchancethatthenextdecadewillwitnessfallingspacejunkkillsomeone.Thespacejunkorbitingtheearthisanunfortunateby-productofourdesiretoexploreanddocumentspace.Accordingto2021figuresfromNASAandtheDepartmentofDefense’sSpaceSurveillanceData,theagencieswereactivelytrackingmorethan27,000piecesofspacejunk,mostofwhicharelargerthanasoftballandthatcasuallyorbittheplanet.Whilethefloatingspacejunkiscertainlyaproblem,notalltheobjectsthatwentupmustcomedown,and,infact,anumberofpiecessimplyburnupintheatmosphere.Butsometimesthoseobjects,particularlylargeoneslikeusedrocketattachments,giveintogravityandfallbackdowntoEarthtobedealtwithonceagainbytheirhumanmakers.Typically,peopledon’tdieorevengetinjuredbythisphenomenon—manyofthefallingpiecescrashintotheocean.Theyalsohavetodealwiththeunsettlingfeelingofknowingthatlargerocketpiecescanjustfallfromtheskyandthatitmightaffectpeopleincertainpartsoftheworldmorethanothers.Thisposesanobvioussafetyrisktopeopleontheground.“WhensomelargepartsofspacejunkreturntoEarth,thepartsoftheirmasssurvivetheheatofatmosphere.Manyofthesurvivingpiecesarepotentiallydangerous,givingseriousrisksonland,atsea,andtopeopleinairplanes,”thestudyexplains.1．WhatistheconclusionofthestudypublishedinNatureAstronomy?A．Peoplewillseespacejunkeasilyinthefuture.B．Governmentagenciesandprivateindustrieswilldevelopfast.C．Somepeoplemaybehittodeathbyobjectsfromthespace.D．Therewillbea10percentchanceforhumantodiein10years.2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?A．Normallyweshouldnotworryaboutspacejunk.B．Thelargespacejunkwillpollutetheocean.C．Thefloatingspacejunkwillcomedownfinally.D．Thespacejunkwillgetburntinthesky.3．Whatmightbediscussedinthefollowingpartofthetext?A．Howtofindspacejunk.B．Howtodealwithspacejunk.C．Howtoinformpeopleofthedanger.D．Howtoavoidthedangerofspacejunk.4．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．SpaceJunkCausesPollutionB．HowtoTakeBackSpaceJunkC．ExploringSpaceTakesinUnfortunateResultsD．SpaceJunkPutsPeopleatRiskBAstronautstravelinginspacemeetformsofradiation(辐射)thatareuncommononEarth.Someofthisradiationhasbeenshowntobeharmfultohumanhealth.Itislinkedtocancersandheartproblems.YetanewAmericanstudysuggeststheradiationdoesnotshortenastronauts’lives.Researchersstudiednearly60yearsofhealthrecordsandotherdataaboutmaleastronautsfromtheUnitedStates.Theythencomparedthisdatawithinformationaboutagroupofmenwhoareingoodhealth,richerthanmostAmericansandreceivegoodhealthcare—professionalathletes.Thestudyfoundthatneithergrouphashigherratesofdyingatayoungage.Infact,bothgroupsgenerallylivelongerthanotherAmericans.Astronautsareusuallywell-educated,earnmoremoneyandareinbetterphysicalconditionsthantheaverageAmericans.Someearlierresearchhaslinkedbeinganastronauttoalowerriskofearlydeath,theresearchersnoted.ThefindingswerereportedinthemedicaljournalOccupational&EnvironmentalMedicine.Muchoftheexistingresearchonmortalityrates(死亡率)inastronautshasnotyetexploredthementalandphysicaldemandsofthisjob.Therealsohasnotbeenalotofresearchonwhetherastronautsshowwhatisknownasthe“healthyworkereffect”.Thiseffectleadspeoplewithemploymentofanykindtohavefewermedicalproblemsthanpeoplewhoareunabletowork,saidRobertReynolds.Reynoldssaid,“Thechallengehasalwaysbeentounderstandifastronautsareashealthyastheywouldbeiftheyhadnevergonetospaceatall.Todothis,weneedtofindagroupthatiscomparableonseveralimportantfactors(因素).”Consideringthesimilarphysicalrequirements,agroupofathletesareselected.Astheresultsuggests,beingexposedtoradiationdoesn’tleadtoanearlydeathforastronauts.5．Howdidresearcherscarryouttheirstudy?A．Bydoinginterviews. B．Byanalyzingsomefactors.C．Bycomparingdifferentdata. D．Bydoingexperimentsinthelab.6．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Allradiationisharmfultohumanhealth.B．AthletestendtobepoorerthanmostAmericans.C．Healthyworkereffectmakesworkingpeoplehealthier.D．Researchhasexploredthementalandphysicaldemandsofbeingastronauts.7．Whyareathleteschosenasacomparativegroupinthestudy?A．Theyworkindifferentfields.B．Theybothneedtobehealthyenough.C．Theyreceivethesamedietsandexercise.D．Theysufferfromthesa