2017年12月英语六级考试真题（卷一）

2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)

PartIWriting(30minutes)

请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying'Respect

othersfandyouwillberespected."Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviews.Youshouldwriteatleast150

wordsbutnomorethan200words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversationsAttheendofeachconversation,youwillhear

fourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,you

mustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter

onAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Qucstionslto4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Theyrewardbusinessesthateliminatefoodwaste.

B)Thcyprohibitthesaleoffoodsthathavegonestale.

C)Theyfacilitatethedunatiunofunsoldfoodsiotheneedy.

D)Theyforbidbusinessestoproducemorefoodsthanneeded.

2.A)Itimposedpenaltiesonbusinessesthatwastefood.

B)Itpassedalawaimingtostopoverproduction.

C)ItvotedagainstfoodimportfromoutsideEurope.

D)Itprohibitedthepromotionofbulkfoodsales.

3.A)Ithaswarneditspeopleagainstpossiblefoodshortage.

B)Ithaspenalizedbusinessesthatkeepoverproducingfoods.

C)Ithasstartedanationwidecampaignagainstfoodwaste.

D)Ithasbannedsupermarketsfromdumpingediblefoods.

4.A)Theconfusionoverfoodexpirationlabels.

B)Thesurplusresultingfromoverproduction.

C)Americans'habitofbuyingfoodinbulk.

D)Alackofregulationonfoodconsumption.

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Ithasstartedaweek-longpromotioncampaign.

B)Ilhasjustlauncheditsannualanniversarysales.

C)Itoffersregularweekendsalesalltheyearround.

D)Itspecializesinthesaleofladiesdesignerdresses.

6.A)Pricereductionsforitsfrequentcustomers.

B)Couponsforcustomerswithbulkpurchases.

C)Freedeliveryofpurchasesfbrseniorcustomers.

D)Priceadjustmentswithinsevendaysofpurchase.

7.A)MaiIagiftcardtoher.B)Allowhertobuyoncredit.

C)Creditittoheraccount.D)Givehersomecoupons.

8.A)Refundingforgoodsreturned.B)Freeinstallingofappliances.

C)Prolongedgoodswarranty.D)Complimentarytailoring.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfour

questions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillhespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,younuist

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

9.A)Theyareihin,tall,andunlikerealhumanbeings.

B)Theyhavemorethantwentydifferenthairtextures.

C)Theyhavetwenty-fourdifferentbodyshapesintotal.

D)Theyrepresentpeoplefromvirtuallyallwalksoflife.

10.A)Thcydonotreflectyounggirls'aspirations.

B)Theyarenotsoldtogetherwiththeoriginal.

C)Theirflatfeetdonotappealtoadolescents.

D)Theirbodyshapeshavenotchangedmuch.

11.A)Intoystores.B)Inshoppingmalls.

C)OntheInternet.D)AtBarbieshops.

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Movcablemetaltypebegantobeusedinprinting.

B)Chineseprintingtechnologywasfirstintroduce.

C)Thcearliestknownbookwaspublished.

D)MetaltypewasimpuiledfiomKuiea.

13.A)Ithadmorethanahundredprintingpresses.

B)Itwasthebiggestprinterinthe16thcentury.

C)IthelpedtheGermanpeoplebecomeliterate.

D)Itproducedsome20millionvolumesintotal.

14.A)Itpushedhandwrittenbooksoutofcirculation.

B)Itboostedthecirculationofpopularworks.

C)Itmadewritingaveryprofitablecareer.

D)Itprovidedreaderswithmorechoices.

15.A)IlacceleratedtheextinctionoftheLatinlanguage.

B)Itstandardizedthepublicationofgrammarbooks.

C)Itturnedtranslationintoawelcomeprofession.

D)Itpromotedthegrowthofnationallanguages.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.

Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andDj.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingleline

throughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Theygetboredafterworkingforaperiodoftime.

B)Theyspendanaverageofoneyearfindingajob.

C)Thcybecomestuckinthesamejobfordecades.

D)Theychooseajobwithoutthinkingitthrough.

17.A)Seeiftherewillbechancesforpromotion.

B)Findoutwhatjobchoicesareavailable.

C)Watchafilmaboutwaysofjobhunting.

D)Decidewhichjobismostattractivetoyou.

18.A)Thequalificationsyouhave.B)Thepayyouaregoingtoget.

C)Thecultureofyourtargetcompany.D)Theworkenvironmentyouwillbein.

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

19.A)ItisasimportantasChristmasfbrAfrican-Americans.

B)ItisaculturalfestivalfoundedfbrAfrican-Americans.

C)ItisanancientfestivalcelebratedbyAfrican-Americans.

D)ItisareligiousfestivalcelebratedbyAfrican-Americans.

20.A)TourgeAfrican-Americanstodomorefbrsociety.

B)TocallonAfrican-Americanstoworshiptheirgods.

C)TohelpAfrican-Americanstorealizetheirgoals.

D)ToremindAfrican-Americansoftheirsufferings.

21.A)Faithinself-determination.B)Thefirstfruitsoftheharvest.

C)Unityandcooperativeeconomics.D)Creativeworkandachievement.

22.A)Theyreciteaprinciple.B)Theytakeasolemnoath.

C)Theydrinkwinefromtheunitycup.D)Theycallouttheirancestors5names.

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Itisoneoftheworld'smosthealthydiets.

B)Itcontainslargeamountsofdairyproducts.

C)Itbegantoimpacttheworldinrecentyears.

D)Ilcunsislsmainlyofvariouskindsufscalbud.

24.A)Itinvolved13,000researchersfromAsia,EuropeandAmerica.

B)ItwasconductedinsevenMid-Easterncountriesinthe1950s.

C)Itisregardedasoneofthegreatestresearchesofitskind.

D)Ithasdrawntheattentionofmedicaldoctorstheworldover.

25.A)Theycaremuchabouttheirhealth.B)Theyeatfoodswithlittlefat.

C)Theyuselittleoilincooking.D)Theyhavelowermortalityrates.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblank

fromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybefore

makingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterfor

eachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebank

morethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Inthepast12months,Nigeriahassufferedfromashrinkingeconomy,aslidingcurrency,andaprolonged

fuelshortage.Now,Africa,slargesteconomyisfacingafoodcrisisasmajortomatofieldshavebeendestroyedby

aninsect,leadingtoanationwideshortageandescalatingprices.

Theinsect,Tutaabsoluta,hasdestroyed80%offarmsinKaduna,Nigeria'slargesttomatoproducingstate,

leadingthegovernmenttheretodeclareastateof26.Theinsect,alsoknownasthetomatoleafminer,

devastatescropsby27onfruitsanddiggingintoandmovingthroughstalks.It28incredibly

quickly,breedingupto12generationsperyearifconditionsarcfavorable.Itisbelievedtohave29inSouth

Americaintheearly1900s,andlaterspreadtoEuropebeforecrossingovertosub-SaharanAfrica.

InNigeria,wheretomatoesareastapleoflocaldiets,theinsect'seffectsaredevastating.Retailpricesfor

a30oftomatoesatlocalmarketshaverisenfrom$0.50to$2.50.Farmersarereportingsteeplossesandanew

$20milliontomato-pastefactoryhas31productionduetotheshortages.

Giventhemoth'sabilityalsotoattackcropslikepepperandpotatoes,AuduOgbeh,Nigeria'sministerof

agriculture,haswarnedthatthepestmay“createseriousproblemsfbrfood32"inthecountry.Ogbehsays

expertsarcinvestigatinghowtocontrolthepest'sdamageandpreventitsspread,whichhasgone

largely33untilnow.

Despitebeingthecontinent'ssecond-largestproduceroftomatoes,Nigeriais34on$1billionworthof

tomato-pasteimportseveryyear,asaround75%ofthelocalharvestgoestowastethankstoalackofproper

storagefacilities.Afurther35inlocalsuppliesisyetanotherunwelcomesetbacktotheindustry.

A)dependentI)originated

B)embarkingJ)reduction

C)emergencyK)reproduces

D)feedingL)security

E)grazesM)terror

F)haltedN)unchecked

G)handfulO)untouched

H)multitude

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatement

containsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.

Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.EachparagraphismarkedwithaletterAnswerthequestionsby

markingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Who'sReallyAddictingYoutoTechnology?

A.”NearlyeveryoneIknowisaddictedinsomemeasuretotheInternet,5,wroteTonySchwartzinTheNew

YorkTimes.It'sacommoncomplaintthesedays.AsteadystreamofsimilarheadlinesaccusetheNetandits

offspringapps,socialmediasitesandonlinegamesofaddictingustodistraction

B.There'slittledoubtthatnearlyeveryonewhocomesincontactwiththeNethasdifficultydisconnecting.

Manyofus,likeSchwartz,struggletostayfocusedontasksthatrequiremoreconcentrationthanittakestoposta

statusupdate.AsonepersonironicallyputitinthecommentssectionofSchwartz'sonlinearticle,uAsIwas

readingthisveryexcellentarticle.Istoppedatleasthalfadozentimestocheekmyemail.^^

C.There'ssomethingdifferentaboutthistechnology:itisbothinvasiveandpersuasive.Butwho'satfaultfbr

itsoveruse?Tofindsolutions,ifsimportanttounderstandwhatwc'rcdealingwith.Therearcfourparties

conspiiingtokeepyouconnected;thetech,yourboss,yourfriendsandyou.

D.Thetechnologiesthemselves,andtheirmakers,aretheeasiestsuspectstoblameforourdiminishing

attentionspans.NicholasCarr,authorofTheShallows：WhattheInternetIsDoingtoOurBrains,wrote,“The

netisdesignedtobeaninterruptionsystem,amachinegearedtodividingattcntion.^^

E.OnlineserviceslikeFacebook,Twitterandthelike,arecalledoutofmanipula-tion—makingproductsso

goodthatpeoplecan'tstopusingthem.Afterstudyingtheseproductsforseveralyears,Iwroteabookabouthow

theydoit.Ilearneditallstartswiththebusinessmodel.Sincetheseservicesrelyonadvertisingrevenue,themore

frequentlyyouusethem,themoremoneytheymake.It'snowinderthesecompaniesemployteamsofpeople

focusedonengineeringtheirservicestobeasengagingaspossible.Theseproductsaren'thabit-formingbychance;

it'sbydesign.Theyhaveanincentivetokeepushooked.

F.However,asgoodastheseservicesare,therearesimplestepswecantaketokeepthematbay.For

example,wecanchangehowoftenwereceivethedistractingnotificationsthattriggeroururgetocheck.

AccordingtoAdamMarchick,CEOofmobilemarketingcompanyKahuna,lessthan15percentofsmartphone

userseverbothertoadjusttheirnotificationsettlings-meaningtheremaining85percentofusdefaulttotheapp

makers'everypresettrigger.GoogleandApplehavemadeitfartoodifficulttoadjustthesesettingssoit'suptous

totakestepsensurewcsetthesetriggerstosuitourownneeds,nottheneedsoftheappmakers,.

G.WhilecompanieslikeFacebookharvestattentiontogeneraterevenuefromadvertisers,othertechnologies

havenosuchagenda.Takeemail,forexample.Thissystemcouldn'tcarelesshowoftenyouuseit.Yettomany,

emailisthemosthabit-fbrmingmediumofall.Wecheckemailatallhoursoftheday—we'reobsessed,Butwhy?

Becausethat'swhatthebosswants.Foralmostallwhite-collarjobs,emailistheprimarytoolofcorporate

communication,Aslowresponsetoamessagecouldhurtnotonlyyourreputationbutalsoyourlivelihood.

H.Yburfriendsarealsoresponsible.Thinkaboutthisfamiliarscene.Peoplegatheredaroundatable,

enjoyingfoodandeachother,scompany.There'slaughterandabitofkidding.Then,duringanintervalinthe

conversation,someonetakesouttheirphonetocheckwhoknowswhat.Barelyanyonenoticesandnoonesaysa

thing.

I.Nowimaginethesamedinner,butinsteadofcheckingtheirphone,thepersonbelches（打嗝）-loudly.

Ever/onenotices.Unlessthemealtakesplaceinabeerhouse,thisisconsideredbadmanners.Theimpoliteact

violatesthebasicrulesofetiquette.Onehastowonder:whydon'tweapplythesamesocialiiunnstochecking

phonesduringmeals,meetingsandconversationsaswedotootherantisocialbehaviors?Somehow,weacceptit

andsaynothingwhensomeoneoffends.

J.Therealityistakingone'sphoneoutatthewrongtimeisworsethanbelchingbecause,unlikeotherminor

offense,checkingtechiscontagious.Onceonepersonlooksattheirphone,otherpeoplefeelcompelledtodothe

same,startingachainreaction.Themorepeoplearcontheirphones,thefewerpeoplearetalkinguntilfinallyyou

aretheonlyoneleftnotreadingemailorcheckingTwitter.Fromasocietalperspective,phonecheckingislesslike

belchinginpublicandmorelikeanotherbadhabit.Ourphonesarelikecigarettes-somcthingtodowhenwe're

anxious,boredorwhenourfingersneedsomethingtotoywithSeeingothersenjoyasmoke,orsneakaquick

glance,istootemptingtoresistandsooneveryoneisdoingit.

K.Thetechnology,yourboss,andyourfriends,allinfluencehowoftenyoufindyourselfusing（or

overusing）thesegadgets.Butthere'sstillsomeonewhodeservesscrutiny-thepersonholdingthephone.

L.Ihaveaconfession.EventhoughIstudyhabit-formingtechnologyforaliving,disconnectingisnoteasy

forrr.e.I'monlinefarmorethanI'dlike.LikeSchwartzandsomanyothers,Ioftenfindmyselfdistractedandoff

tack.IwantedtoknowwhysoIbeganself-monitoringtotrytounderstandmybehavior.That'swhenI

discoveredanuncomfortabletruth.Iusetechnologyasanescape.WhenI'mdoingsomethingI'drathernotdo,or

whenI'msomeplaceI'drathernotbe,Iusemyphonetoportmyselfelsewhere.Ifoundthatthisabilitytoinstantly

shiftmyattentionwasoftenagoodthing,likewhenpassingtimeonpublictransportation,Butfrequentlymytech

usewasnotsobenign.WhenIfaceddifficultwork,likethinkingthroughanarticleideaoreditingthesamedraft

forthehundredthtime,forexample,amoresinisterscreenwoulddrawmein.Icouldeasilyescapediscomfort,

temporarily,byansweringemailorbrowsingthewebunder（hepretenseofso-called“research."ThoughI

desperatelywantedtolayblameelsewhere,Ifinallyhadtoadmitthatmybadhabitshadlesstodowithnew-age.

technologyandmoretodowithold-fashionedprocrasiinalion（拖延）

M.It'seasytoblametechnologyforbeingsodistracting,butdistractionisnothingnew.Aristotleand

Socratesdebatedthenatureof“akrasia“ourtendencytodothingsagainstourinterests.Ifwe'rehonestwith

ourselves,techisjustanotherwaytooccupyourtimeandminds,Ifweweren'tonourdevices.We'dlikelydo

similarlyunproductive.

N.Personaltechnologyisindeedmoreengagingthanever,andthere'snodoubtcompaniesareengineering

theirproductsandservicestobemorecompellingandattractive.Butwouldwewantitanyotherway?The

intendedresultofmakingsomethingbetteristhatpeopleuseitmore.That'snotnecessarilyaproblem,that's

progress.

0.Theseimprovementsdon'tmeanweshouldn'tattempttocontrolouruseoftechnology.Inordertomake

sureitdoesn'tcontrolus,weshouldcometotermswiththefactthatit'smorethanthetechnologyitselfthat's

responsibleforourhabits.Ourworkplaceculture,socialnormsandindividualbehaviorsallplayapart.Toput

technologyinitsplace,wemustbeconsciousnotonlyofhowtechnologyischanging,butalsoofhowitis

changingus.

36.Onlineservicesaresodesignedthatthemoretheyareused,themoreprofittheygenerate.

37.Theauthoradmitsusingtechnologyasanescapefromthetaskalhand.

38.Checkingphonesatdinnersisnowacceptedasnormalbutnotbelching.

39.Tomakeproperuseoftechnology,weshouldnotonlyincreaseourawarenessofhowitischangingbutalso

huwitisiinpaclingus.

40.MostofusfindithardtofocusonourimmediatetasksbecauseofInternetdistractions.

41.Whenonepersonstartscheckingtheirphone,theotherswillfollowsuit.

42.Thegreatmajorityofsmartphoneusersdon*ttakethetroubletoadjusttheirsettingstosuittheirownpurposes.

43.TheInternetisregardedbysomeasdesignedtodistractourattention.

44.Theauthorattributeshistechaddictionchieflytohishabitofputtingoffdoingwhatheshoulddorightaway.

45.White-collarworkerscheckemailroundtheclockbecauseitisrequiredbytheiremployers.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionorunfinished

statements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Youshoulddecideonthebest

choiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

YoumayhaveheardthatCoca-Colaoncecontainedaningredientcapableofsparkingparticulardevotionin

consumers:cocaine.Thecocaine.The“ccca”inthenamereferredtotheextractsofcocaleafthatthedrink's

originator,chemistJohnPemberton,mixedwithhissugarysyrup（浆汁）.Althetime,cocaleafextractmixed

withwinewasacommontonic（滋补品），andPemberton'ssweetbrewwasawaytogetaroundlocallaws

prohibitingthesaleofalcohol.But（heotherhalfofthenamerepresentsanotheringredient,lessinfamous（名声不

好的）,perhaps,butalsostrangelypotent:thekolanut.

InWestAfrica,peoplehavelongchewedkolanutsasstimulants,becausetheycontaincaffeinethatalso

occursnaturallyintea,coffee,andchocolate.Theyalsohaveheartstimulants.

HistorianPaulLovejoyrelatesthatthecultivationofkolanutsinWestAfricaishundredsofyearsold.The

leafy,spreadingtreeswereplantedongravesandaspartoftraditionalrituals.Eventhoughthenuts,whichneedto

staymoist,canbesomewhatdelicatetotransport,traderscarriedthemhundredsofmilesthroughouttheforests

andgrasslands.

Europeansdidnotknowofthemuntilthe1500swhenPortugueseshipsarrivedonthecoastofwhatisnow

SierraLeone.AndwhilethePortuguesetookpartinthetrade,ferryingnutsdownthecoastalongwithothergoods,

by1620,whenEnglishexplorerRichardJobsonmadehiswayuptheGambia,thenutswerestillpeculiartohis

eyes.

Bythelate19thcentury,kolanutswerebeingshippedbythetonnetoEuropeandtheUS.Manymadetheir

wayintomedicines,intendedasakindofenergyboost.OnesuchpopularmedicinaldrinkwasVinMariani,a

Frenchproductconsistingofcocaextractmixedwithredwine.ItwascreatedbyaFrenchchemist,Angelo

Mariani,in1863.SowhenPembertoncreatedhisdrink,i(representedanongoingtrend.Whencocaineeventually

fellfromgraceasabeverageingredient,kola-extractcolasbecamepopular.

Thefirstyearitwasavailable,Coca-Colaaveragednineservingsadayacrossall(heAtlantasodafountains

whereitwassold.Asitgrewmorepopular,thecompanysoldrightstobottlethesoda,soitcouldtraveleasily.

Todayabout1.9billionCokesarepurchaseddaily.ICsbecomesoiconicthatattemptstochangeitstastein1985-

sweeteningitinamoveprojectedtoboostsalesproveddisastrous,withwidespreadangerfromconsumers.

"Coca-ColaClassic"returnedtostoreshelvesjustthreemonthsafterthe"NewCoke"wasreleased.

Thesedays,theCoca-Colarecipeisacloselyguardedsecret.Butit'ssaidtonolongercontainkolanut

extract,relyinginsteadonartificialimitationstoachievetheflavour.

46.WhatdowelearnaboutchemistJohnPemberton?

A)Heusedastrangelypotentingredientinafoodsupplement

B)Hecreatedadrinkcontainingalcoholwithoutbreakinglaw

C)Hebecamenotoriousbecauseofthecocadrinkhedeveloped.

D)Heriskedbreakinglocallawtomakeadrinkwithcocaleaves.

47.Whalduesthepassagesayabuulkulanuts?

A)TheircommercialvaluewasfirstdiscoveredbyPortuguesesettler.

B)Theycontainsomekindofenergyboostnotfoundinanyotherfood.

C)ManywereshippedtoEuropeinthelate19thcenturyformedicinaluse.

D)TheywerestrangetotheEuropeanswhenfirstimportedfromWestAfrica.

48.Howcomekola-extractcolasbecamepopular?

A)Cocainehadbecomenotorious.C)Fountainsweresetuptosellthem.

B)Alcoholicdrinkswereprohibited.D)Rightsweresoldtobottlethesoda.

49.WhatisknownaboutthetasteofCoca-Cola?

A)Itwassodesignedastocreateaddictioninconsumers.

B)Itstillreliesontraditionalkolanutextract.

C)Ithasbecomemorepopularamongtheold.

D)Ithasremainedvirtuallyunchangedsinceitscreation.

50.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A)ThcevolutionofCoca-Cola.B)ThcmedicinalvalueofCoca-Cola.

C)ThcsuccessstoryofCoca-Cola.D)ThebusinessstrategyofCoca-Cola.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage

Twentyyearsago,theUrbanLandInstitutedefinedthetwotypesofcitiesthatdominatedtheUSlandscape:

smallercitiesthatoperatedaroundstandard9-5businesshoursandlargemetropolitanareasthatranall24hours

oftheday.Analyzingandcomparingcitiesusingthelensofthisbasicdividegivesinterestingcontexttohow

investmentcapitalflowsandhousingpriceshaveshifted.

Inrecentyears,manymid-sizedcitieshavebeguntoadoptamiddle-of-the-roadapproachincorporatingthe

excitementandopportunityoflargecitieswithsmallcities'quietaftermidnight.These18-hourcitiesarebeginning

tomakewavesinrealestaterankingsandattractmorerealestateinvestment.Whatisunderlyingthisnew

movementinrealestate,andwhydothesecitieshavesomuchappeal?

18-hourcitiescombinethebestof24-hourand9-5cities,whichcontributestodowntownrevitalization.For

decades,manydowntowncoresinsmalltomid-sizedcitieswereabandonedafterworkhoursbyworkerswho

livedinthesuburbs.Movementoutofcitycenterswaswidespread,anddowntowntenantswerepredominantly

madeupoftheworkingpoor.Thisgeneratedlittlecommercefordowntownbusinessesintheevenings,which

madebusinessandgeneratingtaxrevenueformunicipalupkeepdifficult.Withtheriseofanewconceptinurban

planningthataimstomakelifeeasierandmoreconvenient,increasingpopularityfbrurbanareasthatcausedthe

realestatepushes,inmajorcitieslikeSanFranciscoorNewYork,hasinspiredatypeofforwardthinking

urbanityandinsmallercilies

Transformingdowntownareassothattheyincorporatemodernhousingandimprovedwalkabilitytolocal

restaurants,retail,andentertainment-especiallywhencombinedwithimprovedinfr