大学英语六级必过宝典

大学英语六级必过宝典

第一部分写作

六级作文常见题型：论说文

谚语警句图画图表书信

1.常见土单词排行榜:

1)think

havebeenconvincedthatbeoftheopinionthat

clingtotheperspectivethatmaintaincontendassertargue

assumeclaim

2)many

aseaofmultitudesof

immenseamountsof

numerousinnumerableplentiful

3)peopleweusprivateindividuals

youngstersandteenagersallchildrenandadultsexpertsand

professors

parentskidsoffspringbusinessmen

youngstersoncampus

4)very

exceedinglydistinctlystrikinglymorethanextraordinarily

outstandingly

5)importantsignificantcrucialcriticalindispensable

playacrucialroleinsth

句子的分类

结构上分为简单句并列句复合句语序上分为倒装和正

常语序

语态上分为主动和被动一、短句的写法

Amancomes.

Heisattractive.Ilovehim.

Iwillgivehimadog.Itcanmakehimhappy.

二、被动

很多人认为合作比个人能力更重要。

Cooperationisclaimedtobemorecrucialthanpersonalability.

人们普遍认为网购已经成为一种流行趋势。

Onlineshoppingisarguedtobeapopulartrendamongthe

youngandtheold.

在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生

Variousmeasures,inthepastdecades,havebeentakento

preventdisasters.

最近，中国科学院(ChineseAcademyofSciences)出版了关于

其最新科学发现与未来一年展望的年度系列报告

Anannualreportaboutitslatestscientificfindingsandthe

prospectofthenextyearwasrecentlypublishedbyChinese

AcademyofScience.

三、并列句

常见的逻辑关系词

第一，表示因果(世界上最重要的一种关系就是因果关系)

1.表不原因

because,inthat,as,since

becauseof=beresponsiblefor=dueto=owingto=thanksto

2.表小结果

so=hence=therefore=thereby=thus=consequently=in

consequence=asaresult/consequence、

第二，表示对比

1.表示“相似性的”对比

Likewise=similarly=equally=simultaneously=atthesametime=

inthemeanwhile

2.表示“差异性的”对比

But,bycontrast=conversely=alternatively=onthecontrary=

ontheotherhand=otherwise=while=whereas

第三，表示递进

besides=also=inaddition=moreover=furthermore=apart

/asidefromtoputitanotherway=putanotherway=in

otherwords

换句话说（有补充解释说明的作用）

第四，表示让步

①Despite=inspiteof=notwithstanding=although=though

=as=while=even（if）=muchas（用于句首）虽然=granting

/grantedthat

②certainly=ofcourse=indeed=itistruethat•••的确

③undoubtedly=thereisnodoubtthat…毫无疑问的是...

④itmaybetruethat,,,或许真实的是...

⑤thereisnodenyingthat…不可否认的是...

⑥Ineffect/fact/reality=indeed=virtually实际上，事实

上，的确

第五，表示条件

①if=providing/provided/suppose/supposingthat

如果，假如

②incaseof=intheeventof万....

第六，表示目的

to=inorderto=soasto

第七，表示引出新对象

①About=concerning=regarding=withregardto=asfor/

to=inrespectof关于

②intermsof就...而论，在...方面

③whenitcomesto…当提到...时

第八，表示强调

①Aboveall=mostimportant

②Ineffect/fact/reality=indeed=virtually事实上，实

际上，的确，其实

第九，表示总结

①Onthewhole=allinall=overall=inconclusion/

summary/general=generally

(speaking)=asawhole=mainly=substantially=tosumup=

conclude=cometotheconclusion总的来说

②inshort/brief=inaword简而言之

③inanycase=atanyrate=anyway总之，无论如何

第十，表示举例

①Like=suchas=forinstance/example=take/consider

/thinkof/remember…(asanexample)=agoodcase

inpointis…=from…to…(to…)=toillustrate=asan

illustration

1.在过去一千年里,乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化,

是一座展现古文明的博物馆。

Inthepastthousandyears,thewatersystemandthelifewayof

Wuzhenhavenotgonethroughmanychanges.Therefore,itnow

isthemuseumtoshowanicentcivilization.

2.色山东潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化

的标志。

InWeifang,Shandong,kitesarenotonlyforentertainmentbut

alsosymbolizesthecultureofthecity.

3.这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小

学收益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的

儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。（2014年

四级）

Thesefundsareusedtoimproveeducationalfacilities,purchase

booksandmorethan160thousandsprimaryschoolsandmiddle

schoolsbenefitfromit.Inaddition,thefundistobeusedfor

purchasingmusicandpaintingfacilities.Asaconsequence,

nowadaysthechildrenintheruralareascanhavethemusicand

paintingclassesasthesameasthechildreninthecoastalcities

do.

4.由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。今天，这

个传统正在改变。随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选

择与父母分开住。但他们之间的联系依然很密切。许多老年人

仍然帮着照看孙辈。年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在

春节和中秋节等重要节日。

Asaresultofthistradition,manyyoungpeoplecontinuetolive

withtheirparentsaftermarriage.Bycontrast,today,the

traditionischanging.Withtheimprovementofhousing

conditions,anincreasingnumberofyoungcoupleschooseto

liveapartfromtheirparents.Nevertheless,theconnection

betweenthemremainsstrong.Manyoldpeoplestillhaveto

lookaftertheir

grandchildren.Atthesametime,youngcouplesalsogetaround

tovisittheirparents,especially

duringtheholidays,suchasthespringfestivalandMid-autumn

Festival.

四、复合句

1.主语从句

大学教育极大地促进了社会的进步是显而易见的。

Itisbeyonddisputethatuniversityeducationpromotesthe

progressofoursocietyobviously.

2.同位语从句

Garbagesorting,anecessarybehaviortocontrolpollution,

provesquitecrucialthroughoutchina.Huntingforjobs,ahot

topicamongundergraduates,hasbecomethepublicconcern

recently.

Optimism,anactivementality,playsakeyroleinthegeneral

routineofeverydayliving.

3.定语和定语从句

Ilovethiskindgirl.

Ilovethegirlofkindness.

Ilovethegirlaskindasanangel.

Ilovethegirlbeingaskindasanangel.Ilovethegirlwhokeeps

sokind.

①中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进,

已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。

TheChineseknotwasoriginallyinventedbythecraftsmen,

whichhasbecomeakindofelegantandcolorfulartsandcrafts

afterhundredsofyearsofcontinuousimprovement.

②乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。这是

一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆。

Wuzhen,whichisanancientwatertownofZhejiang

provincejocatesneartheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanal,which

isreallyacharmingplacewithmanyancientbridges,Chinese

stylehotelsandrestaurantsthere.

③功夫是中国武术的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫

的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练。它是中国传统体

育运动的一种，年轻人老年人都练。

KungFuisthecommonnameofChinesemartialartswhichcan

betracedbacktoself-defenseneeds,huntingactivitiesand

militarytraininginancientChina.Besides,itisatraditional

Chinesesportthatboththeyoungandtheelderlycanpractise.

④剪纸(papercutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式

之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历知在明朝和清朝时期

(theMingandQingDynasties)特别流行。

Papercuttingisoneofthemostpopularartsinchinawhichhas

ahistoryof1.5thoundyearsandwasquitefamousintheMing

andQingdynasties.

⑤中国人自古以来就在中秋节庆祝丰收，这与北美庆祝感恩

节非常相似。

Chinesehavehadthetraditiontocelebrateharvestinthe

Middle-Autumn,whichprovesquitesimilarwithThanks-Giving

DayinNorthAmerica.

4.状语和状语从句

1)Ilovemygirlfriend.

2)keepingpetscancultivatetheloveheartofchildrenalthough

theysometimesbringmuchtroublefortheirowners.

orbecausetakingcareofthoselittleanimalsneedspatienceand

care,orwhenthereexistsonlyachildinonefamily.

orbytakingashowerortalkingwiththoselittleanimals.

3)theyaresingingsongsalthoughtheyhavehadclassforthe

wholeday.

they,agroupofyoungmen,whowilltakepartinthe

examinationofCET-6aresingingsongswhichwereoncepopular

whenwewereyoung.

5.三大经典句型:

1）强调句型

Nothingismoreimportantthanself-relianceinacompetitive

internationalenvironment

就是因为你，我没有通过六级考试。

ItisbecauseofyouthatIfailedinCET-6.

就是有很多的因素可以解释我的观点。

Thereexistnumerousfactorstoaccountformyargument.

2）虚拟语气

Ifyouareatearinmyeyes,Iwillnevershedit.

3）倒装

①否定词位于句首时

我从来没有这样开心过

Neverhaveibeensohappy.

在任何情况下我们绝不能忽略…的重要性/严重性；

Undernocircumstancescanwefailtopourattentioninto...

（gravity/severity）

②含有so-that结构的句子，将so引导的部分位于句首时

这个问题是如此重要以至于我们要给与足够的重视。

Theissueissogravethatwecannotfailtopourattentiontoit.

Sograveistheissuethat.....

生命如此短暂，以至于怎样度过都是一种浪费。

Lifeissoshortthatitisawasteoftimehoweverwespendit.So

shortislifethatit.....

在大学校园中，浪费这个问题是如此的严重以至于不得不引起

（arose）我们的注意了。

Soseriousiswastethatithastoarouseourattention.

③only引出的状语位于句首时

只有以这种方式，我们才能解决这个问题。

Onlyinthiswaycanwesettletheissue/relievethe

phenomenon.

6.句子的改写和扩写

①比如我绝不嫁给你。

Iwillnevermarryyou（初二水平）

YouarethelastmanIwanttomarry.（定语从句）NeverwillI

marryyou（倒装）

BynomeanswillImarryyou.

Iwillnotmarryyouunlessthesunrisesinthewest.（状语从句）

Ifyouwerethelastmanintheworld,Iwouldgototemple（虚拟

语气）Ifyoumarriedme,Iwouldjumpintothewell

②自行车很重要

Bicyclesareimportant.

Humanscannotlivewithoutbicycles.

be+adj=beof+nbicyclesareofgreatimportancetous.

Bicyclesplayanimportantpart/roleinourdailylife.

（写作尽量使用词组）

Itisthebicyclethatplaysanimportantpart/roleinourdailylife

Bicyclesareasvitalasairandwater,whichisessentialtodaily

life.

Bicyclestohumanswhatthefoundationistoaskyscraper/water

istofish/perfumetoflowers.

句子扩写：

Iloveliuxiaoyan.

I,auniversitystudentfrombeijing,loveliuwhoisthemost

gracefulandelegantEnglishteacherIhaveeverseen.

Smilemakespeopleloveyou.

Smile,thebestmeansforcommunicating,makespeoplewho

maylookseriousanddistantloveyouatthefirstsight.

Pollutionkeepsexceedinglyserous.

Pollution,aglobalissuewhichthreatensalmosteveryone,

keepsexceedinglyserouswiththerapidurbanization.

议论文

第一段引出主题的句子：

①Recentlytheissue/problemof…hasbeeninthelimelight

（处于关注的中心）/broughtintofocus/broughttopublic

attentive（留意的，关心的）concern***

②Recentlywiththedevelopment/advance/progressofscience

andtechnology,thephenomenonof…hasarousedwide

concern.

③Nowadays,itisundeniablethat.......hasalmostbecomethe

biggestconcernofthepresent-dayworld.

④Whatisyourideaasto•,,?

⑤Thereexistvarying/avarietyofpointsconcerningit.

第一段表示个人观点的表达：

Inmyopinion/asfarasiamconcerned/formypart/frommy

perspective/itkeepsmyperspectivethat

第二段分析原因的总起句:

①Themajorityofpeoplewouldagreethatsthhasitsdeep

roots.

②Itissuperficiallyasimplephenomenon,butwhensubjected

toanalysis,ithasitsfundamentalreasons.

③Therestandatleasttworeasons,frommyperspective,for

thepresentphenomenon.

(4)Asweknow,recognizingaproblemisthefirststepinfinding

asolution.

⑤Thereexistnumerouselementsbeingresponsibleforthe

issue.

⑥Thereasonforthisisnotfartoseek.

第三段总结措施段：

措施我们/政府/家长/学校

举例：Students,fromtheirearlyage,couldbeeducatedto

cultivatetheawarenessthatmethodsoflearningaremore

importantthanlearningitself.

Authoritiescouldbroadcasttheimportanceofcommunity

responsibilityinpublic.

2020.7六级

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritean

essayonthesaying:Thebestpreparationfortomorrowisdoing

yourbesttoday.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutno

morethan200words.

Thereexistsafamoussayingthatthebestpreparationfor

tomorrowistodoyourbestworktoday.Simpleasthesaying

sounds,itinformsreadersthatonedoesn/tneedtoworryabout

thefutureifhecanmakeeffortstodothecurrentjobnow.

Asweknow,recognizingaproblemisthefirststepinfindinga

solution.Itisgenerallybelievedthattakingimmediateactionis

ofgreatimportance.Doinggoodworktodayenables

peopletoachievetheirgreatgoalsstepbystep,letusvisualize

anundergraduatewhokeepsindulgedinhisillusionofpassing

theexaminationofpostgraduateswithoutanyeffortsandhard

work.Whatwouldheachieveintheend?Hewouldattain

nothingbutfailures.Thesamesituationexistsforquiteafew

grown-upswhoaspiretogainfameandwealthbutneverseekto

puttheirfantasticplansintopracticeimmediately.

Therefore,itisbysomemeansthatwemusttakeactionsto

pursueourgoals.Ononehand,kidscanbeeducatedbytheir

parentstoputdreamsintoaction.Ontheotherhand,teenagers

aresupposedtoputoureffortsintoeverysingledayandnever

lookdownuponlittlethings.Onlyinthiswaycanwefulfillour

dreams.

2020.9六级

Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritean

essayonthesayingWealthofthemindistheonlytruewealth.

Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200

words.

Whenitcomestowealth,ideasmaydifferamongmenand

womeninallwalks.Frommyperspective,Iapprovethe

argumentthatitiswealthofthemindthatkeepstheonlytrue

wealth.

Althoughnumerouscasesareavailableforthisargument,the

followingoneaboutmyteacherliuisthemostsuitable.Shewas

borninapoorfamilywiththreesiblings.Furthermore,she,years

later,failedtorealizeherdreamtoattendanesteemed

universityeventhoughshestudiedhardduringherseniorhigh

school.Undersuchsituations,shehasnevergivenherselfup,

beingconvincedthat“fromthegutter,wecanstilllookupatthe

stars."Andwhatshedisagreed

isthatpovertyisneverscaring;whatweshouldscareisthat

yourmindsareneedy.Itisthroughyearsofendeavorsthather

dreamcametrue.Still,shekeepsmyspiritualmentor.Sothe

storyvividlytellsusthatwealthofmindsismoreessentially

valuedthanfunds.

Toconclude,itishightimeforteenagersandyoungstersto

pursuementalrichness

becausethereisnoboundaryaboutthewealthofmoney.Only

bythinkinglikethiscanwebecomemoreoptimisticandleada

harmoniouslife.

第一段：引出主题+解释你的理解引出主题常用表达

Withrespectto/withregardto/whenitcomesto/.....

People'sargumentsvaryfrompersontoperson.Peoplemay

havediverseperspectivesonit.

Attitudesdifferfrompersontoperson.

Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto...

第二部分翻译

1.翻译概述

翻译内容

中国历史文化经济社会文章长度

六级180—200words

30words15分

2.评分标准

本题满分为15分，成绩分为六个档次：13-15分、10-12分、

7-9分、4-6分、1-3分和0分。各档次的评分标准见下表:

13-15分译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅,

基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。

10-12分译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯，无

重大语言错误。

7-9分译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错误

相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。

4-6分译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确，有

相当多的严重语言错误。

1-3分译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字没

有表达原文意思。

0分未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不相关。

3.英汉差异对比

汉语意合，英语形合什么是汉语的句子？什么是英语的句子?

逻辑关系词的使用

两个以上的句子放在一起的规则(三个方法)

similarlyequallylikewiseatthesametime

neverthelessconverselyonthecontrarybycontrast

thereforeconsequentlyasaresult

besidesfurthermoremoreoverinaddition

英语多被动汉语多主动

3在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。

BVariousmeasures,inthepastdecades,havebeentakento

preventdisasters.

3那时,黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，

皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。

fflAtthattime,yellowwasdesignedtouseforthe

emperor-theroyalpalacewaspainted

yellowandtheimperialrobewasalwaysyellowtoo.However,

theordinarypeoplewerenotallowedtowearyellowclothes.

H最近，中国科学院(ChineseAcademyofSciences)出版了关

于其最新科学发现与未来一年展望的年度系列报告。

团Anannualreportaboutitslatestscientificfindingsandthe

prospectofthenextyearwasrecentlypublishedbyChinese

AcademyofScience.

英语多长句汉语多短句

团长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地,

灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。

（2017四级）

团TheYangziRiver,flowingthroughdifferentecologicalsystems,

keepsthehabitatofplentifulendangeredanimals,irrigatingone

fifthofChineseland.

方法1非谓语动词

a长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地,

灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。

（2017四级）

团TheYangziRiver,flowingthroughdifferentecologicalsystems,

keepsthehabitatofplentifulendangeredanimals,irrigatingone

fifthofChineseland.

田乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。这是一

处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆。

HWuzhen,anancientwatertownofZhejiangprovince,is

locatedneartheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanal,whichisreallya

charmingplacewithmanyancientbridges,Chinesestylehotels

andrestaurantsthere.

方法2从句

团人们还会在门上粘贴对联（couplets）对联的主题有健康，

发财和好运。（20136级）

Doorswillbedecoratedwithcoupletswhosetopicsare

involvedinhealth,wealthandgoodluck.

团大熊猫是熊科中最罕见的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森

林里。

团PandaswhichmainlyliveintheforestofsoutheastinChina

aretherarestmembersofthebearfamily.

团中国人自古以来就在中秋节庆祝丰收,这与北美庆祝感恩节

非常相似。

HChinesehavehadthetraditiontocelebratedharvestinthe

Middle-Autumn,whichprovesquitesimilarwithThanks-Giving

DayinNorthAmerica.

团方法3连词

团在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化,

是一座展现古文明的博物馆。

团Inthepastthousandyears,thewatersystemandthelifeway

ofWuzhenhasnotgonethroughmanychanges.Therefore,it

nowisthemuseumtoshowanicentcivilization.

而在山东潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化

的标志（2016四级）

团InWeifang,Shandong,kitesarenotonlyforentertainment

butalsosymbolizesthecultureofthecity.

团这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中

小学收益。资金还用于购置音

乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童

一样上音乐和绘画课。

团Thesefundsareusedtoimproveeducationalfacilitiesand

purchasebooks,andmorethan

160thousandsprimaryschoolsandmiddleschoolsbenefitfrom

it.Inaddition,thefundistobeusedforpurchasingmusicand

paintingfacilities.Asaconsequence,nowadaysthechildrenin

therurualareascanhavethemusicandpaintingclassesasthe

sameasthechildreninthecoastalcitiesdo.

4翻译步骤

以意群为单位读句子，确定句子的时态和语态

确定句子的主干，非主干部分用定语或状语来翻译

每句话翻译完之后都要看该句话和下句话的逻辑关系，加逻辑

关系词

2017.6六级

明朝统治中国276年，被人们描绘成人类历史上治理有序、

社会稳定的最伟大的时代之一。这一时期，手工业的发展促进

了市场经济和城市化。大量商品，包括酒和丝绸，都在市场销

售。同时，还进口许多外国商品，如时钟和烟草。北京、南京、

扬州、苏州这样的大商业中心相继形成。也是在明代，由郑和

率领的船队曾到印度洋进行了七次大规模探险航行。还值得一

提的是，中国文学的四大经典名著中有三部写于明朝。

明朝统治中国276年，被人们描绘成人类历史上治理有序、

社会稳定的最伟大的时代之一。

TheMingdynastyruledChinafor276years,whichisdepictedas

oneofthegreatestdynastiesthatlookedorderlyandstabilized

inthehistory.

这一时期，手工业的发展促进了市场经济和城市化。大量商品，

包括酒和丝绸，都在市场销售。同时，还进口许多外国商品，

如时钟和烟草。

Thedevelopmentofhandicraft,inthisperiod,promotedthe

marketeconomyandurbanization.Anoceanofcommodities,

includingwineandsilk,weresoldonthemarket.Meanwhile,

numerousexoticproductswereimported,suchasclocksand

tobacco.

北京、南京、扬州、苏州这样的大商业中心相继形成。也是在

明代，由郑和率领的船队曾到印度洋进行了七次大规模探险

航行。还值得一提的是，中国文学的四大经典名著中有三部写

于明朝。

CommercialcenterslikeBeijing,Nanjing,Yangzhou,Suzhouwere

formedinsuccession.ItwasalsoinMingdynastythatthefleet

ofshipsledbyZhengHeexpeditedforseventimestotheIndian

Ocean.What'smore,threeofthefourclassicalnovelsare

writtenintheMingdynasty.

2015.12六级

在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要决定，而

不管孩子想要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为孩子。结果，

孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿。

如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学

校录取的机会，他们会坚持自己的决定，即使孩子根本不感

兴趣。

然而《美国，父母很可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注

重他们的意见。

中国父母十分重视教育或许值得称赞。然而，他们应向美国父

母学习在涉及教育时如何平衡父母与子女间的关系。

ParentsinChinaarealwaystryingtohelptheirchildren,evento

makethemostimportantdecisionforthem,regardlessofwhat

thechildrenreallywant,becauseparentsbelieveit'sallforthe

benefitoftheirchildren.Thishasledtotheresultthatthe

children'sgrowthandeducationtendtogivewaytotheir

parents'wishes.

Oncetheparentsdecidetosignupanafterschoolclassfortheir

childreninordertoincreasetheirchanceofbeingadmittedtoa

goodschool,theywillstickontheirdecision,eventheirchildren

havenointerestinitatall.

InAmerica,however,parentstendtorespecttheirchildren,

especiallywhenmakingdecisions.Perhapsitiscommendable

thatChineseparentslaymuchimportanceoneducation,but

Chineseparentsstillneedtokeepthebalancebetweenthe

parentsandchildrenintheperspectiveofeducationasthe

Americanparentsdo.

第三部分阅读理解

（一）传统阅读（仔细阅读）

1.时间：8分钟/篇

2.指导原则：

1）读首段以及各段的首句，把握文章的中心

2）顺序原则

出题顺序与行文顺序一致

3.题型分类：

一、主旨题：

2015年六级六月（第一套）

Airpollutionisdeterioratinginmanyplacesaroundtheworld.

Thefactthatpublicparksincitiesbecomecrowdedassoonas

thesunshinesprovesthatpeoplelongtobreatheingreen,open

spaces.Theydonotallknowwhattheyareseekingbutthey

flockthere,nevertheless.

And,inthesesurroundings,theyaregenerallybothpeacefuland

peaceable.Itisraretoseepeoplefightinginagarden.Perhaps

struggleunfoldsfirst,notataneconomicorsociallevel,butover

theappropriationofair;essentialtolifeitself.Ifhumanbeings

canbreatheandshareair,theydon'tneedtostrugglewithone

another.

Unfortunately,inourwesterntradition,neithermaterialistnor

idealisttheoreticiansgiveenoughconsiderationtothisbasic

conditionforlife.Asforpoliticians,despiteproposingcurbson

environmentalpollution,theyhavenotyetcalledforittobe

madeacrime.Wealthycountriesareevenallowedtopolluteif

theypayforit.

Butisourlifeworthanythingotherthanmoney?Theplant

worldshowsusinsilencewhatfaithfulnesstolifeconsistsof.It

alsohelpsustoanewbeginning,urgingustocareforourbreath,

notonlyatavitalbutalsoataspirituallevel.The

interdependencetowhichwemustpaytheclosestattentionis

thatwhichexistsbetweenourselvesandtheplantworld.Often

describedas"thelungsoftheplanet",thewoodsthatcoverthe

earthofferusthegiftofbreathableairby

releasingoxygen.Buttheircapacitytorenewtheairpollutedby

industryhaslongreacheditslimit.Ifwelacktheairnecessary

forahealthylife,itisbecausewehavefilleditwithchemicals

andundercuttheabilityofplantstoregenerateit.Asweknow,

rapiddeforestationcombinedwiththemassiveburningoffossil

fuelsisanexplosiverecipeforanirreversibledisaster.

Thefightovertheappropriationofresourceswillleadtheentire

planettohellunlesshumanslearntosharelife,bothwitheach

otherandwithplants.Thistaskissimultaneouslyethicaland

politicalbecauseitcanbedischargedonlywheneachtakesit

uponherselforhimselfandonlywhenitisaccomplished

togetherwithothers.Thelessontaughtbyplantsisthatsharing

lifeexpandsandenhancesthesphereoftheliving,while

dividinglifeintoso-callednaturalorhumanresourcesdiminishes

it.Wemustcometoviewtheair,theplantsandourselvesasthe

contributorstothepreservationoflifeandgrowth,ratherthana

webofquantifiableobjectsorproductivepotentialitiesatour

disposal.Perhapsthenwewouldfinallybegintolive,ratherthan

beingconcernedwithbaresurvival.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

61.Whatdoestheauthorassumemightbetheprimaryreason

thatpeoplewouldstrugglewitheachother?

A)Togettheirshareofcleanair.

B)Topursueacomfortablelife.

C)Togainahighersocialstatus.

D)Toseekeconomicbenefits.

62.Whatdoestheauthoraccusewesternpoliticiansof?

A)Deprivingcommonpeopleoftherighttocleanair.

B)Givingprioritytotheoryratherthanpracticalaction.

C)Offeringpreferentialtreatmenttowealthycountries.

D)Failingtopasslawstocurbenvironmentalpollution.

63.Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawourclosestattentionto?

A)Themassiveburningoffossilfuels

B)Ourrelationshiptotheplantworld.

C)Thecapacityofplantstorenewpollutedair.

D)Large-scaledeforestationacrosstheworld.

64.Howcanhumanbeingsaccomplishthegoalofprotectingthe

planetaccordingtotheauthor?

A)Byshowingrespectforplants.

B)Bypreservingallformsoflife.

C)Bytappingallnaturalresources.

D)Bypoolingtheireffortstogether.

65.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoinordernotjustto

survive?

A)Expandthesphereofliving.

B)Developnature'spotentials.

C)Sharelifewithnature.

D)Allocatetheresources.

2015年6月份

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen(防晒霜)keepsyousafefrom

harmfulrays,youmaybewrong.Researchinthisweek'sNature

showsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberof

melanomas(黑瘤)anddelaystheiroccurrence,itcan'tprevent

them.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.You

haveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhair,fairskin,blueor

greeneyes,orsunburneasily,orifacloserelativehashadone.

Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintense

exposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikely

withlongtermexposure.

Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisin22

reducingmelanomastheevidenceisweakerthanitisfor

preventingothertypesofskincancer.A2011Australianstudyof

1,621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapply

sunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewho

usedcreamasneeded.Asecondstudy,comparing1,167people

withmelanomasto1,101whodidn'thavethecancer,foundthat

usingsunscreenroutinely,alongsideotherprotectionsuchas

hats,longsleevesorstayingintheshade,didgivesome

protection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotectionnot

sunscreenseemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeople

rememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheir

lives,soit'snotentirelyreliable.

Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalse

senseofsecurityinthesun.

Manypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperlyapplying

insufficientamounts,failingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhours

andstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismost

worryingrecentresearchshowsfiveepisodesofsunburninthe

teenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.

Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcovering

upcanreducemelanoma

rates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slap

campaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbe

bestforus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon（抹上）sunscreenand

slapon

ahat.

56.Whatispeople'scommonexpectationofahigh-factor

sunscreen?

A.Itwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.

B.Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.

C.Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothandfair.

D.Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.

57.WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factor

sunscreen?

A.Itisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.

B.Itisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.

C.Itisineffectivewithlong-termexposure.

D.Itisineffectiveforpeoplewithfairskin.

58.Whatdowelearnfromthe2011Australianstudyof1,621

people?

A.Sunscreenshouldbeappliedalongsideotherprotection

measures.

B.High-riskpeoplebenefitthemostfromtheapplicationof

sunscreen.

C.Irregularapplicationofsunscreendoeswomenmoreharm

thangood.

D.Dailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceof

melanomas.

59.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesecondAustralianstudy?

A.Itmisleadspeopletorelyonsunscreenforprotection.

B.Ithelpspeopletoselectthemost