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Chapter9TourismDemandandSupply
TextATourismDemand
Activities:
1.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthetext.
_____(1)Tourismdemandmeansthetotalnumberofpersonswhotravel,orwishtotravel,andusetouristsfacilitiesandservicesatplacesawayfromtheirplacesofworkorresidence.
_____(2)Economicdistanceandculturaldistanceareanothertwoimportantfactorswhich
influencetourismdemand.
_____(3)Thehighertheeconomicdistance,thehighertheresistancetothatdestinationand,
consequently,thehigherthedemand.
_____(4)Culturaldistancerelatestothetimeandcostinvolvedintravelingfromtheoriginto
thedestinationareaandback.
_____(5)Demandredirectionmeansdemandforoneproductisredirectedtoanother,for
example,thedemandforcampingisreplacedbythatforleisurecruise.
2.Fillintheblankswithproperwordstocompletethefollowingstatements.
(1)Manyfactorscan____________tourismdemand,includingindividualfactors,economic
ones,geographicones,politicalonesandthoseofdestination.
(2)Asimilar__________indemandwasexperiencedwiththeintroductionofthewidebodiedplanesfortransatlanticflights.
(3)Thedemandsubstitutionisthatdemandforoneactivityis_________withthatforanother.
(4)Destinationchoiceremains_________inbroadcategories,butopportunitieswithinthese
categoriesforsinglecountryanddestinationattractmoretourists.
(5)Whentheindustryneedstopreciselyanalyzethedemandfortravel,several__________
methodsofeconometricanalysiscanbeusedtoprojectdemand.
3.Questionsfordiscussion.
(1)Whatisthetourismdemandandhowmanytypesofitarethere?Canyoulistthemout?
(2)Whichkindofdemandmeanspeoplewhowishtotravel,butarenottravelingpresently
duetotemporaryreasons,ofselforthesupplyend?
(3)Whatarethereasonsforonedestinationbeingreplacedbyanother?Canyougivespecific
examples?
(4)Whattypeofdistancereferstotheextenttowhichthecultureoftheareafromwhichthe
touristoriginatesdiffersfromthecultureofthehostregion?
(5)Howistourismdemandusuallymeasured?Canyougivesomeexamples?
TextBTourismDemandForecasting
Activities:
1.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthetext.
_____(1)Causalforecastusesmathematicianandstatisticalmodelsasforecastingtoolswhich
canbestaticoradaptivetonewdemandpatterns.
____(2)Simulationforecastusestherelationshipbetweendemandandsomeotherfactors(e.
g.thestateoftheeconomy,interestrates)todevelopforecast.
____(3)Theexpertsanswerquestionnairesinoneroundtodeterminetheresultsoftheforecast.
____(4)Timeseriesforecastingmodelstrytopredictthefuturebasedonpresentdata.
____(5)Long-termforecastsarereliablethanshort-termforecasts.
2.Fillintheblankswithproperwordstocompletethefollowingstatements.
(1)Tourismdemandanditsstatuschangesdirectlyaffectthedirectionand_________ofthe
economicdevelopmentoftouristdestinations.
(2)Demandforecastingisveryimportantforsmooth/efficient_________ofanyorganization
andevenaneconomyasawhole.
(3)Accurateforecastingoffuturetourismdemandisamajor_________oftourismdemandstudies.
(4)Simulationforecast__________consumerchoicesthatgiverisetodemand.
(5)Whilethemovingaverageformulaimpliesanequalweightbeingplacedoneachvalue
thatisbeingaveraged,theweightedmoving__________permitsanunequalweightingon
priortimeperiods.
3.Questionsfordiscussion.
(1)WhyhastherebeenanincreasinginterestintourismdemandstudiesacrosstheglobesincetheendingofWorldWarII?
(2)Whatkindsofcharacteristicsshouldbepaidspecialattentiontointourismdemandforecasting?
(3)Whatmakestimeseriesforecastdifficulttostandardizeorvalidateforaccuracy?
(4)Whatmakestheconflictbetweenthetourismsupplyanddemandmoreandmoreprominent?
参考答案
TextATourismDemand
1.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthetext.
(1)F(2)T(3)F(4)F(5)T
2.Fillintheblankswithproperwordstocompletethefollowingstatements.
(1)determine(2)surge(3)substituted(4)stable(5)statistical
3.Questionsfordiscussion.
(1)Theterm“tourismdemand”maybedefinedforaparticulardestinationasthequantityof
thetourismproduct(thatis,acombinationoftourismgoodsandservices)thatconsumers
arewillingtopurchaseduringaspecifiedperiodunderagivensetofconditions.There
arebasicallyfourtypesoftourismdemand.First,effectiveoractualdemandrefersto
peopleactuallytravelingatapointoftime.Second,potentialdemanddealswithpeople
whocouldtravelifmotivated.Third,deferred/postponeddemandmeanspeoplewhowish
totravel,butarenottravelingpresentlyduetotemporaryreasonsofselforsupplyend.
Andthelast,suppresseddemanddescribespeoplenotinterestedintravel.
(2)Deferred/postponeddemandmeanspeoplewhowishtotravel,butarenottraveling
presentlyduetotemporaryreasonsofselforsupplyend.
(3)Cost,climate,social,politicalreasons,etc.
(4)Culturaldistancereferstotheextenttowhichthecultureoftheareafromwhichthe
touristoriginatesdiffersfromthecultureofthehostregion.
(5)Tourismdemandisusuallymeasuredintermsofthenumberoftouristvisitsfroman
origincountrytoadestinationcountry.
TextBTourismDemandForecasting
1.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthetext.
(1)F(2)F(3)F(4)F(5)F
2.Fillintheblankswithproperwordstocompletethefollowingstatements.
(1)scale(2)functioning(3)focus(4)imitates(5)average
3.Questionsfordiscussion.
(1)Theincreasinginterestintourismdemandstudiesmotivatedbytherapidgrowthofthe
tourismindustryacrosstheglobesincetheendingofWorldWarII.
(2)Intourismdemandforecasting,thefollowingcharacteristics
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