大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷59（共215题）

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷59（共9套）（共215题）大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、词汇理解(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Lackofsleepmakesyougainweightandraisesyourriskforheartdiseaseanddiabetes,apartfromresultingin【C1】______visionandquestionabledecision.Researchershaveknownforawhilethatsleep【C2】______tendstoleadtoovereating.Andseveralstudieshavesuggestedthatstayingupallnightorevenjustcuttingbackbyacoupleofhoursmakespeople【C3】______tothecallsoffastfood,pizzaandcandy.Shortsleepaffectshormonesthatinfluencehunger,expertssay,andthebrain'srewardcenterbecomes【C4】______active,drawingyoutothecarbsandfat.Researchersdon'tknowtheexactpointofsleeplessnessthat【C5】______one'swantforpizzaorchocolateorotherkindsoffood."Thereare【C6】______individualdifferences,"saysJonathanWisor,asleepscientistatWashingtonStateUniversity.Recentresearchhasconfirmedthatapatternofinsufficientsleepraisesyourriskforoverweightanddiabetes,too.Expertssuspectthattheresultscould【C7】______toanyonewhoworkslonghoursorspendsalotoftimestaringatasmartphonetjustbeforebed,andtopeoplewho【C8】______frominsomniaorsleepdisorder.Ifyouassumeyou'resafebecausestudyconditionstendtobefairlyextreme,youhadbetterthinkagain.Peoplewhoregularlygetlessthanthe【C9】______amountofsleephavebeenobservedtoeat200to500morecaloriesperdaythanpeoplewhodonot.Shouldyou【C10】______timeforaworkoutwhilebeinginlackofsleep?No.Whenyoudropbelow6.5orsixhoursofsleep,youneedsleepmorethanyouneedtoexercise.A)vulnerableB)deprivationC)optimumD)precautionE)squeezeF)triggersG)remarkablyH)applyI)sufferJ)regularlyK)tremendousL)transcendsM)blurredN)transientO)recruit1、【C1】标准答案：M知识点解析：空格作名词vision的定语，可能是名词、形容词或分词。本句提到睡眠不足引发的问题，blurred符合句意，表示睡眠不足可以导致“视力模糊”。2、【C2】标准答案：B知识点解析：若sleep为句子主语，空格应为副词，“睡眠容易导致暴饮暴食”句意不通。因此空格应为名词，与sleep一起作句子主语，表示某种睡眠问题。空格所在句的上下文都是讲睡眠不足，deprivation“缺乏”符合句意。3、【C3】标准答案：A知识点解析：填入空格的词可为动词、分词或形容词，与makesb．构成“使役动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。本句解释睡眠不足导致暴饮暴食的原因，即难以抵制食物的诱惑。vulnerable“易受攻击的”可与介词to搭配，符合句意。4、【C4】标准答案：G知识点解析：空格在系动词和形容词之间，应为副词。remarkably符合句意，指出睡眠不足时，大脑的奖励中枢会变得“非常”活跃，使人容易受碳水化合物和脂肪的吸引。5、【C5】标准答案：F知识点解析：定语从句中的that指代theexactpointofsleeplessness，可见空格应为动词第三人称单数，作从句谓语。根据句意“研究人员并不知道睡不着到什么程度才会……人们吃披萨饼、巧克力或其他食物的欲望”，triggers“触发，引起”符合语义。6、【C6】标准答案：K知识点解析：空格处需填入定语，修饰individualdifferences“个体差异”。本句是对上一句的补充，说明研究人员搞不明白的原因是个体差异“很大”，此处应选tremendous。7、【C7】标准答案：H知识点解析：could表明此处应填入动词原形，且能与to搭配。空格后的toanyonewho…andtopeoplewho…提示，专家认为这些研究结果对很多人都适用，apply“适用”符合句意。8、【C8】标准答案：I知识点解析：空格应填入动词，作定语从句的谓语。空格所在部分意为：也适用于那些……失眠或睡眠障碍的人。suffer符合句意，sufferfrom意为“患(某种疾病)，为……所折磨”。9、【C9】标准答案：C知识点解析：空格需填入名词、形容词或分词作amount的定语。根据句中的“多吃200-500以上卡路里”可知，此处是说这些人经常没有适量的睡眠，optimum“最合适的”符合句意。10、【C10】标准答案：E知识点解析：空格应填入动词原形作谓语。下文提到，在睡眠时间少于6．5小时或6小时的情况下，你更需要的是睡觉而不是锻炼。可见，空格所在句是问：在睡眠不足的情况下还需不需要“找”时间做运动?squeeze"挤"符合句意。二、长篇阅读(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)FiveMythsaboutCollegeDebt[A]Thetrillion-dollarstudentdebtburdenhascausedmanydebatesaboutthevalueofcollege.Somearguethatweeducatetoomanyyoungpeople.Indeed,averagetuitioncostshavegoneupfasterthantherateofinflation.Thecostofcollegetodayis,ininflation-adjustedterms,roughlydoublewhatitwasin1980.Thiscreateslegitimateconcernsaboutthecontinuedaffordabilityofacollegeeducation.[B]Butthedebatersoftenhavetheirfactswrong.VeryfewAmericansgraduatewith$100,000indebt;collegemakesmoresensetodaythanever;andno,ouruniversitiesaren'tblowingtheirmoneytofundcollegedormsandfootballstadiums.Myth1:Thefinancialreturnforgoingtocollegeislessnowthanitusedtobe.[C]Ifanything,thevalueofaninvestmentincollegeishighernowthanit'severbeen.Thecollegepremium(thedifferencebetweentheearningsofcollegegraduatesandhighschoolgraduates)isatitshighestlevelever.[D]ItistruethatintheyearssincetheGreatRecession,wagesforrecentcollegegraduateshavedeclinedabout5percent,butwagesforthosewithoutacollegedegreehavedeclinedmorethantwicethat,between10and12percent,increasingthecollegepremium.Furthermore,theproportionofrecentgraduateswhohavegottenjobscomingoutofcollegehasbeenvirtuallyunchangedfrombeforetherecession.Incontrast,theemploymentrateforhighschoolgraduatesandassociate-degreeholdershasdroppedby8to10percentSimilarly,throughouttherecession,theoverallunemploymentrateforbachelor'sdegreeholdershasconsistentlybeenhalfthatofnon-collegegraduates.Myth2:Collegesarenotpreparingstudentswiththeskillsneededinthecurrentworkplace.[E]Alloftheeconomicdatasuggeststheexactopposite—thattheproductivityofU.S.collegegraduatesintheworkplaceisincreasing.Thebroadestmeasureoftheproductivitydifferentialbetweenhighschoolgraduatesandcollegegraduatesishowmuchemployersarewillingtopayforthelatterovertheformer.Thisisknownasthe"collegepremium",andithasincreasedsteadilysincethe1970s.Thisisnotduetoadiminishedsupplyofcollegegraduates(indeed,thesupplyhasrisenoverthatperiod).[F]ThecollegepremiumislargerintheUnitedStatesthaninvirtuallyanyothereconomicallydevelopedcountry.Acrossthe34countriesthatmakeuptheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD),employersonaveragearewillingtopay1.8timesasmuchforacollegegraduateastheyarefor,anunskilledworker.ButintheUnitedStates,employerspay2.6timesasmuchforacollegegraduate.[G]ArecentMilkenInstitutestudyfoundthatforeachadditionalyearofcollegeattainedbytheresidentsofaregion,thepercapitagrossdomesticproductoftheregionincreasesaremarkable17,4percent.Theauthorsarguethattheincreasedregionalproductivityislargelytheresultoftheincreasedproductivityofacollege-educatedworkforce.(Interestingly,theydonotseeasimilarjumpinproductivityforadditionaleducationatthehighschoollevel.)Myth3:Onaverage,studentsarenowborrowing$_____topayfortheircollegeeducation.[H]Thisisamyth,orattheveryleastmisleading,foralmostanyfigurereportedinthenationalpress.(Thoughthereportedfiguresvary,theamountisgenerallymorethan$25,000.)Thereareseveralreasonsforthis,principallythatthedatabeingreportedaregenerallybasedononeoranotherreportofoutstandingstudentloanbalancesoraveragedebtlevelsforthosewithloans.[I]Whatmostpeopleareinterestedin,andwhatmostpeopleinterpretthesefigurestorepresent,ishowmuchatypicalstudentmustborrowtofinanceanundergraduate(bachelor's)degree.Unfortunately,mostfiguresreportedlumptogetherallstudentloandebt—forbothundergraduatedegreesandprofessionaldegrees.Furthermore,theyreportdataontheaverage(mean)debtlevelamongthosewhoborrowed,notthemediandebtamongallstudents,boththosewhoborrowedandthosewhodidnot.[J]Dataondebtlevelsattimeofgraduationisfarhardertoobtain.TheDepartmentofEducationperiodicallygathersthisinformation,butitsmostrecentreportonlycoversthosewhoreceivedbachelor'sdegreesin2008.Myth4:Collegedebtisatacrisislevel.[K]Collegedebtnowexceedstotalcredit-carddebtandtotalautoloans,bothofwhichhavedroppedsincethebeginningoftherecession.Itisinfacttheonlykindofhouseholddebtthatcontinuedtoincreasethroughouttherecession.[L]Therearethreereasonsfortheincrease.First,morestudentsaregoingtocollege.Second,ahigherpercentageofthemareborrowingtofinancetheireducation.Andthird,theamounttheyareborrowinghasincreased.Obviously,thefirstreasonistobeapplauded.Itisintheinterestofthestudentsandthenationthatmorehighschoolgraduatesgoontocollege.[M]Thefactthatmorestudentsareborrowingmoretoattendcollegeistheresultofseveraldifferentfactors,onlypartlytheincreasedcostoftuition.Anothermajorfactorisamarkeddeclineincollegesavings.AccordingtoMoody's,duringthepastthreeyears,theproportionoffamilieswithanycollegesavingsdroppedfrom60percentto50percent,andthosewhosavedsetasideanaverageofonly$11,781,downfrom$21,615threeyearsago(a45percentdecline).[N]Whatthismeansisthatmorefamiliesaresubstitutingdebtforcollegesavings.Butthesearejustalternativewaysofspreadingthecostofcollegeovermultipleyears.Thisiscertainlynomoreworrisomethantheswitchfrombuyingrefrigeratorswithdebtratherthanlayawayplans.[O]Butevenmoreimportantisthefactthatcollegespendingisaninvestmentinhumancapital.TheHamiltonProjectestimatesthatastudent'sspendingoncollegehasafinancialreturnofover15percent,morethantwicetheaveragereturnofastockmarketinvestmentoverthepast60years.WhencorporateAmericaincreasesitsdebttoinvestinphysicalcapital—newfactories,etc.—wedonotconsideritacrisis.Itisapositiveinvestmentinfutureproductivity.Similarly,whenindividualsborrowtoinvestintheirownhumancapital,thisisaninvestmentinfutureproductivity.Weshouldarguablycelebratethefactthatcollegedebt,aninvestmentinthefuture,exceedscredit-carddebt,whichrepresentscurrentconsumption.Myth5:Collegecostsareincreasingfasterthaninflationlargelybecauseofwastefulspendingonlavishdorms,recreationcentersetc.[P]Inauniversity'soverallbudget,capitalcostsfor"sweetness"(suchasrecreationcenters)constituteaverysmallfractionofthebudgetAmortized(分期偿还)overthelifeoftheasset,theymayaccountforafewdollarsoftheannualtuitionbill,butnotmuchmore.[Q]Ironically,oneofthemainfactorspushingupcostsatuniversitiesisthefactthatthecollegepremium—thewagespaidtohighlyeducatedemployees—ishigherthanever.Collegecostsaredominatedbyemployeesalaries,andmostoftheseemployees(whetherfaculty,stafforadministrators)arethemselveshighlyeducated.Sothesamephenomenonthatincreasesthefinancialreturnofgoingtocollegeforstudentsalsoincreasesthecostofattendingcollege!11、Highercollegepremiumaccountsforpartofthecostincreaseatuniversities.标准答案：Q知识点解析：根据collegepremium和costincrease定位到Q段。该段首句提到，使读大学的费用上升的一个主要因素是大学溢价——支付给受过高等教育的员工的薪水——比以往都高。本题句子与原文信息一致。12、Sincetherecession,theemploymentrateofrecentcollegegraduateshasalmostremainedthesame.标准答案：D知识点解析：根据therecession和employmentrate定位到D段。该段第2句提到，一毕业就有工作的新毕业生比例从大萧条之后就没有实际改变过。本题句子的theemployment．．graduates与原文who…outofcollege对应，almostremainedthesame对应原文的virtuallyunchanged。13、Someloanfigurescombinethestudentdebtsforbachelor’sdegreesand"professionaldegrees.标准答案：I知识点解析：根据loanfigures和bachelor’sdegrees定位到I段。该段指出学生贷款数据不可信的原因。第2句提到，大多数报告的数字合并了所有的学生贷款——本科学位贷款以及专科学位贷款。本题句子的combine对应原文的lumptogether.14、Takinginflationintoconsideration,theaveragecollegecosttodayisalmosttwiceasmuchasthatin1980.标准答案：A知识点解析：根据inflation，averagecollegecost和1980定位到A段。第3句提到，如今的大学费用，调整通货膨胀因素后，大约是1980年的2倍。本题句子的twiceasmuch对应原文的double。15、Thereisnoneedtoworryaboutreplacingcollegesavingswithdebt.标准答案：N知识点解析：根据noneedtoworryabout和collegesavings定位到N段。该段提到，更多家庭用贷款代替为上大学做的储蓄。而这只是用几年时间支付大学费用的可供选择的方法。就好像用贷款来买冰箱而不是付定金的预购计划，没什么值得忧虑的。本题句子与该段最后两句意思一致。16、Aregion’seconomicgrowthcanbestronglyaffectedbytheincreasedproductivityofacollege-educatedworkforce,accordingtoastudy.标准答案：G知识点解析：根据theincreasedproductivityofacollege-educatedworkforce和astudy定位到G段。本段第一句讲述该项研究发现当地居民平均大学教育每多一年，人均国内生产总值就会增加17．4％。后一句提到，地区生产力的提高在很大程度上是受过大学教育的劳动人口生产力增加的结果。本题句子的bestronglyaffectedby对应原文的islargelytheresultof。17、Investmentinphysicalcapitalisquitesimilartothatinhumancapital.标准答案：O知识点解析：根据physicalcapital和humancapital定位到O段。第3-5句提到，美国公司因投资实物资本(新工厂等)增加自身债务时，我们不认为这是危机。这是对未来生产力的积极投资。同样地，个人借钱投资人力资本也是对未来生产力的投资。本题句子的quitesimilarto对应原文的similarly。18、ThefactthatmorehighschoolstudentsentercollegesbenefitsAmerica.标准答案：L知识点解析：根据morehighschoolstudents定位到L段最后一句。句中提到，更多高中毕业生进入大学是学生和国家的利益所在。本题句子的benefits对应原文的it’sintheinterestof。19、Inrecentyears,theproportionoffamilieswithanycollegesavingsdecreased.标准答案：M知识点解析：根据theproportionoffamilieswithanycollegesavings定位到M段。末句提到，在过去的3年里，备有上大学储蓄的家庭比例由60％下降到50％。本题句子的decreased对应原文的dropped。20、Usuallyemployersarepayingmoreforacollegegraduatethananunskilledworker.标准答案：F知识点解析：根据employers，payingmore，collegegraduate和unskilledworker定位到F段。该段第2句讲到，在34个组成经济合作与发展组织的成员国中，雇主平均付给大学毕业生的工资是无特别技术工人的1．8倍，而美国的雇主付的是2．6倍。本题句子是对原文最后两句的概括。三、仔细阅读(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Whilethe1970spoppsychotherapymovementfocusedontheimportanceoflettingangerout,morerecentresearchsuggeststhatthere'sasmarter,healthierwaytoreacttolife'sslingsandarrows;withforgiveness.Inarecentstudy,itwasfoundthatwhenindividualswereabouttoforgive,theyexperiencedgreaterjoy,amoreprofoundsenseofcontroloverlifeandlessdepression.Soundappealing.a)Whyholdingagrudge(怨恨)canbeharmful?Yourboyfriendblowsyouoffforanimportantdate.Ifyoustayangryathim,you'llprobablygetfreshflowersonyourdoorstepandmaybeafancymealortwo.Butgrudge-holdingonlygivesustheillusionofpower.Ifyouholdontothatangeronachronicbasis,thenithaspoweroveryou,eatingawayatyourpeaceofmindandperhapsevenyourimmunesystem.AstudybyKathleenLawler,Ph.D.,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofTennessee,confirmsthatpeoplewhoareunabletoforgivereportmorestressintheirlives,moreillnessandmorevisitstothedoctorthandoforgivingfolk.b)GoingfromagrudgetoforgivenessAfewwaystodevelopyourcapacitytoturntheothercheek—Trywritingadaily"forgiveness"reminderinyourjournal;itmaysoundcorny(过时的),butit'sagreatwaytohelpgaincontroloveryouremotionallife.—Writealettertoyouroffender,detailingexactlywhat'sbotheringyou.Thentossit.You'llfeelbetter,evenifyourmessageneverreachesitsintendedtarget.—What,exactly,makesyourbloodboil?Forgivenessisn'taboutswallowingangerorbeingadoormat(逆来顺受的人).It'snotaboutforgetting,either.Onthecontrary,it'saboutacknowledginganoffencewithyoureyeswideopen—andthenreleasingtheanger.Thatmeansconjuringunempathy(不执着)towardthepersonwhohurtyou,thenfocusingonthegoodpartsofyourlife.c)AnactofcourageStillnotconvincedthatit'sworthittoputyourenergiestowardforgiving?Besidesthebenefitstoyourpsycheandphysicalhealth,trueforgivenessisasignofstrengthandsoulfulness."Ittakesalotofmoralmuscletoforgive,"saysDr.WitvleitofHopeCollegeinMichigan.Thebottomline:Forgivingultimatelybenefitstheforgivermorethanthepersonwhohasdonewrong.Sostartputtingyourownwell-beingfirst,andlivelifewithasmuchinterestandloveasyoucan.21、Forgivenesshasthefollowingadvantagesexceptthat_____.A、itenablespeopletobesmarterB、itmakespeoplemorecheerfulC、ithelpspeopletobehealthierD、itrelievespeople’sfrustration标准答案：A知识点解析：首段首句提到的smarter和healthier分别出现在选项A和C。healthier是说原谅别人会让人更健康；但是，smarter在第1句是说原谅比发泄生气更明智，而不是说原谅可以让人smarter。因此，选项A并非原谅别人的好处，为本题答案。选项B和D在第2句中均有提及，不符合题意。22、Accordingtothepassage,ifyoukeepfeelingangryforalongtime,_____.A、theonewhohasdonewrongwillkeepsendingyoupresentsB、theonewhohasdonewrongwillultimatelyapologizetoyouC、youwillhavepowerovertheonewhohasdonewrongtoyouD、youwillgraduallylosecontroloveryourmindandyourhealth标准答案：D知识点解析：题目的关键词是foralongtime，根据第3段第4句，只有选项D才是长期保持生气的情绪的结果。23、Theauthorthinkswhenoneforgives,_____A、heendurestheoffencewithoutcomplaintsB、hetrieshisbesttoforgetthebadexperienceC、hedoesnotclingtothepastbutwelcomesthebrightsideoflifeD、hedoesnotcarryoutrevengebutremindshimselfoftheoffence标准答案：C知识点解析：选项C是对第5段最后两句的概括，因此为正确答案。24、Dr.Witvleitthinkstoforgive_____.A、benefitsone’sphysicalhealthB、benefitsone’smentalhealthC、costsone’stimeandenergyD、showsone’sspiritualvirtue标准答案：D知识点解析：选项D中的spiritualvirtue与文中的moralmuscle或soulfulness近义，因此选D。25、Theauthormostprobablywantsto_____.A、informthereaderB、instructthereaderC、comparetwowaysoftreatingangerD、focusontheadvantageofforgiving标准答案：B知识点解析：本文的目的不是告诉读者信息，而是教导读者对待伤害应采取什么态度。由此可见，选项B为本题答案。Oneofthebiggestchangessince1990isthedegreetowhichbioterrorismhasbecomeapublichealthpriority.Althoughtherehadlongbeenconcernaboutvulnerabilitytobiowarfareandbioterrorism,theanthraxepisodeinthefallof2001madeitclearthattheconcernisnolongertheoretical.Untilveryrecently,theimportantroleofpublichealthatthefrontlinesofbioterrorismpreparednesswasunrecognized.Althoughconcernaboutemerginginfectionshashelpedstimulatefundingforthechronicallyunderappreciatedpublichealthsystem,thethreatofbioterrorismmotivatedthefirstrealinfusionofnewmoneyintopublichealthindecades.Manyofthecapabilitiesneededtodefendagainstbioterrorismarethesameasthoseneededtocombatnaturalemerginginfections.Inbothinstances,theproblemisanunexpectedoutbreakofinfectiousdisease,ofwhichthefirstindicationislikelytobesickpeopleinemergencyroomsorclinics.Indeed,aswiththeanthraxattacks,thepublichealthandmedicalresponsesmaybeunderwaybeforethetruenatureoftheoutbreakisrecognized.Publichealthandtheinterfacewiththehealthcaresystemarethereforekeyelementsinanyeffectiveresponsetobioterrorism.Whetherthebiggestthreatisnaturalorengineered,muchremainstobedone.Effortstostrengthensurveillanceandresponseworldwideandtoimprovecommunicationmustbeacceleratedandsustained.Further,wehaveonlyscratchedthesurfaceintermsofunderstandingtheecologyofinfectiousdiseasesanddevelopingstrategiesforregulatingmicrobialtraffic.Weneedtoolsforbetterpredictiveepidemiologicmodelingwhenanewinfectionfirstappearsandforbetteranalysisofthefactorsthattransferpathogens(病原体)acrossspecies.OneencouragingdevelopmentistheprogramintheecologyofinfectiousdiseasethatwasstartedafewyearsagobecomestheNationalScienceFoundationincooperationwithNIH.SARSisagoodyardstickofourprogressduringthepast13years.Thesyndromewasunusualbecausenovelinfectionsthatspreadfrompersontopersonarerelativelyrare.Oncecaseswerefinallyreported,thepublichealthresponsewasvigorous.WHOwarnedhealthcareproviders,researchersrapidlyidentifiedacandidatevirus,andprototypediagnostictestsquicklybecameavailable.ThevastreachoftheInternetwasinstrumentalinsharinginformationandcoordinatingactivitiesworldwide.26、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peoplehavelongignored_____.A、publichealth’svulnerabilitytobioterrorismB、publichealth’sroleinfightingbioterrorismC、thefundingproblemforthepublichealthsystemD、theprocedurestoerasethethreatofbioterrorism标准答案：B知识点解析：首段第3句中的Until…wasunrecognized可理解为“直到最近……才认识到公共卫生的重要性”，可见该句暗示公共卫生的重要性一直被忽视，因此本题应选B。27、Whatcanwelearnabouttheanthraxincident?A、Itexposesthevulnerabilitytobiowarfareandbioterrorism.B、Itcannotbecopedwithinthesamewayasnaturalinfections.C、Measuresweretakenagainstitwhenitsnaturewasnotdetermined.D、Thepeopleinfectedwithitwerecuredinemergencyroomsorclinics.标准答案：C知识点解析：第2段第3句中的aswith…表明该句主句的内容也适合用于描述2001年的那次炭疽菌袭击事件，选项C是对该主句的近义改写，为本题答案。28、Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheresearchoninfectiousdiseases?A、Itwillbealong-termprocess.B、Thefindingsarenotsolidenough.C、Whathasbeendoneissatisfactory.D、Moreprofoundworkneedstobedone.标准答案：D知识点解析：本题是针对第3段整段的主要内容。第3段首句是该段的主题句，而在其他句子里，strengthen,improve，accelerate，bettermodeling，betteranalysis等词也表明对于传染病的研究在各方面仍需做更深入的工作，选项D概括了作者的观点。29、HowwasSARSdifferentfromotherinfectiousdiseases?A、Itspreadsfrompersontoperson.B、Itisthelatestengineeredinfection.C、Ittakesalongtimetoidentifythesymptoms.D、Itmanifeststheprogressinrelevantresearch.标准答案：A知识点解析：末段第2句中的unusualbecause表明了SARS与其他传染病的不同之处，选项A就是because后引出的内容，所以是本题答案。30、ItcanbeinferredthatNIHismostprobably_____.A、anorganizationofinfectedpatientsB、aresearchinstituteofinfectiousdiseasesC、aneffectivemedicinecuringinfectionsD、awayofrecognizingnewdiseases标准答案：B知识点解析：从第3段末句中的incooperationwith…可知NIH是研究传染病生态学的合作机构，因此选项B是最适合的选项。大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、词汇理解(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Theideaoftaxingthingsthatarebadforsocietyhasapowerfulallure.Itoffersthepossibilityofadoublebenefit—【C1】________harmfulactivities,whilealsoprovidingthegovernmentwithrevenue.Takesintaxes.Taxesonalcoholmakeitmoreexpensivetogetdrunk,whichreducesexcessivedrinkingand【C2】________driving.Atthesametime,theyprovidestateandlocalgovernmentswithbillionsofdollarsofrevenue.Tobaccotaxes,whichgeneratemorethantwiceasmuch,haveproven【C3】________inthedeclineofsmoking,whichhassavedmillionsoflives.Taxescanalsobeanimportanttoolforenvironmentalprotection,andmanyeconomistssaytaxingcarbonwouldbethebestwaytoreducegreenhousegasemissions.Economictheorysaysthatunlikeincomeorsalestaxes,carbontaxescanactuallyincreaseeconomicefficiency;becausecompaniesthat【C4】________carbondioxideintotheskydon'tpaythecostsoftheclimatechangetheycause,carbontaxeswouldrestoretheproper【C5】________tothemarket.Inreality,carbontaxesalonewon'tbeenoughtohaltglobalwarming,buttheywouldbeausefulpartofanyclimateplan.What'smore,therevenuefromthistax,whichwould【C6】________behundredsofbillionsofdollarsperyear,couldbehandedouttocitizensasa【C7】________orusedtofundgreeninfrastructureprojects.Similarly,awealthtaxhasbeenputforwardasawaytoreduceinequalitywhileraisingrevenue.Therevenuefromthistax,whichsomeexperts【C8】________willbeover$4trillionperdecade,wouldbedesignatedforhousing,childcare,healthcareandothergovernmentbenefits.Ifyoubelieve,asmanydo,thatwealthinequalityis【C9】________bad,thenthesetaxesimprovesocietywhilealso【C10】________governmentcoffers(金库).A)discouragingF)imprisonedK)mergingB)dividendG)incentivesL)predictC)emotionalH)inherentlyM)probablyD)fragmentsI)initiallyN)pumpE)impairedJ)instrumentalO)swelling1、【C1】标准答案：A知识点解析：空格前为名词benefit以及破折号，空格后为harmfulactivities，后面whilealso提示空格处应为动名词形式(v-ing)。由句意可知，空格处的动词应与“使沮丧”表意相近。动词中只有A项discouraging“使沮丧”符合句意。故本题选A。2、【C2】标准答案：E知识点解析：空格前为并列连词and，空格后为名词driving，因此空格处应为形容词(a.)，与前面的excessive并列。由句意可知，空格处的词汇应与“危险的，醉酒的”表意相近。只有E项impaled“有……障碍的”能够和driving构成impaireddriving，意为“危险驾驶”，符合句意。故本题选E。3、【C3】标准答案：J知识点解析：空格前为系动词proven，空格后为介词in，因此空格处应为名词(n.)或形容词(a.)，构成系表结构。由句意可知，空格处的词汇应与“关键的，重要的”表意相近。只有J项instrumental“起重要作用的”符合句意。故本题选J。4、【C4】标准答案：N知识点解析：空格前为关系代词that引导定语从句，空格后为名词carbondioxide，因此空格处应为动词(v.)。由句意可知，空格处的动词应与“排放，排出”表意相近。动词中只有N项Pump“用泵输送”能够和后文的into构成符合文意的搭配。故本题选N。5、【C5】标准答案：G知识点解析：空格前为形容词proper，空格后为to，空格所在句有谓语，缺少宾语，因此空格处应为名词(n.)。由句意可知，空格处的名词应与“促进，激励”表意相近。名词中只有G项incentives“激励，鼓励”符合句意。故本题选G。6、【C6】标准答案：M知识点解析：空格前为情态动词would，空格后为be，因此空格处应为副词(ad.)。由句意可知，空格处的副词应与“可能，大概”表意相近。副词中只有M项probably“可能”符合句意。故本题选M。7、【C7】标准答案：B知识点解析：空格前为不定冠词a，空格后为连词or，因此空格处应为单数名词(n.)。由句意可知，空格处的名词应与“利益，好处”表意相近。名词中只有B项dividend“奖金，红利”符合句意。故本题选B。8、【C8】标准答案：L知识点解析：空格所在句是一个which引导的定语从句，定语从句的主干为whichwillbe…per-decade，其中someexperts________为插入语，插入语中缺少谓语，因此空格处应为动词E项。由句意可知，空格处的动词应与“预测，预估”表意相近。动词中只有L项predict“预测”符合句意。故本题选L。9、【C9】标准答案：H知识点解析：空格前为动词is，空格后为形容词bad，空格所在句为完整的系表结构，因此空格处应为副词(ad.)。由句意可知，空格处的副词应与“本身，本质”表意相近。副词中只有H项inherently“本身，本质”符合句意。故本题选H。10、【C10】标准答案：O知识点解析：空格前为副词also，空格后为名词短语governmentcoffers，因此空格处应为动词的分词形式(v.-ing)。由句意可知，空格处的动词应与“增加，扩大”表意相近。动词中只有O项swelling“扩大”符合句意。故本题选O。二、长篇阅读(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)SixPotentialBrainBenefitsofBilingualEducation[A]Brains,brains,brains.Peoplearefascinatedbybrainresearch.Andyetitcanbehardtopointtoplaceswhereoureducationsystemisreallymakinguseofthelatestneuroscience(神经科学)findings.Butthereisonehappylinkwhereresearchismeetingpractice:bilingual(双语的)education."Inthelast20yearsorso,there'sbeenavirtualexplosionofresearchonbilingualism,"saysJudithKroll,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.[B]Againandagain,researchershavefound,"bilingualismisanexperiencethatshapesourbrainforlife,"inthewordsofGigiLuk,anassociateprofessoratHarvard'sGraduateSchoolofEducation.Atthesametime,oneofthehottesttrendsinpublicschoolingiswhat'softencalleddual-languageortwo-wayimmersionprograms.[C]TraditionalprogramsforEnglish-languagelearners,orELLs,focusonassimilatingstudentsintoEnglishasquicklyaspossible.Dual-languageclassrooms,bycontrast,provideinstructionacrosssubjectstobothEnglishnativesandEnglishlearners,inbothEnglishandatargetlanguage.Thegoalisfunctionalbilingualismandbiliteracyforallstudentsbymiddleschool.NewYorkCity,NorthCarolina,Delaware,Utah,OregonandWashingtonstateareamongtheplacesexpandingdual-languageclassrooms.[D]Thetrendfliesinthefaceofsomeoftheculturewarsoftwodecadesago,whenadvocatesinsistedon"Englishfirst"education.Mostfamously,CaliforniapassedProposition227in1998.ItwasintendedtosharplyreducetheamountoftimethatEnglish-languagelearnersspentinbilingualsettings.Proposition58,passedbyCaliforniavotersonNovember8,largelyreversedthatdecision,pavingthewayforahugeexpansionofbilingualeducationinthestatethathasthelargestpopulationofEnglish-languagelearners.[E]SomeoftheinsistenceonEnglish-firstwasfoundedonresearchproduceddecadesago,inwhichbilingualstudentsunderperformedmonolingual(单语的)EnglishspeakersandhadlowerIQscores.Today'sscholars,likeEllenBialystokatYorkUniversityinToronto,saythatresearchwas"deeplyflawed.""Earlierresearchlookedatsociallydisadvantagedgroups,"agreesAntonellaSoraceattheUniversityofEdinburghinScotland."Thishasbeencompletelycontradictedbyrecentresearch"thatcomparesgroupsmoresimilartoeachother.[F]Sowhatdoesrecentresearchsayaboutthepotentialbenefitsofbilingualeducation?Itturnsoutthat,inmanyways,therealtricktospeakingtwolanguagesconsistsinmanagingnottospeakoneofthoselanguagesatagivenmoment—whichisfundamentallyafeatofpayingattention.Saying"Goodbye"tomomandthen"Gutentag"toyourteacher,ormanag