大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷35（共180题）

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷35（共9套）（共180题）大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、仔细阅读(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)Researchershavesuggestedthatone'semotionalintelligence(EQ)isagreaterindicatorofsuccessandsatisfactionthanhisintellectualintelligence(IQ)contrarytoanassumptionthatpeoplewithhighIQsareboundtoaccomplishalotinlife.PsychologistsJackHayerandPeterSaloveyintroducedtheconceptofemotionalintelligence,orEI,intheearly1990s.Accordingtothem,emotionalintelligenceisaperson'sabilitytounderstandhisownemotionandthoseofothers,andtoactappropriatelyusingtheseemotions.Onapersonallevel,EQincludeshavingmotivationandpursuingagoalsuccessfully.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatthefoundationforemotionalintelligenceisbuiltinearlychildhoodandemotionalintelligencecanbetaughtanddeveloped.Therefore,nomatterwhatone'sinnateabilityis,hecanlearntheskillssuchasmakingfriends,beingagoodparentandgettingalongwithcoworkers.ThereisnobigdifferencebetweenmenandwomenontotalEQ,butusuallymentendtobebetteratstresstoleranceandwomentendtobebetteratempathyandinterpersonalrelationship.Intellectualintelligenceoffersvirtuallynopreparationfortheproblemsonecanfaceinthemiddleofhislife.EventhoughpeoplealreadyknowthatahighIQisnoguaranteeofsuccess,theygetusedtopayingmoreattentiontointellectualintelligencenotemotionalintelligence.HavingahighIQ,thatishavingagoodmemory,doesnotnecessarilymeanthepersoniscapableofdealingwithemotions.Therearepeoplewholackthesocialskillsassociatedwithhighemotionalintelligence,eventhoughtheyareveryintelligent.IQisjusttheindicatorofschoolachievementandeducationalsuccess.Lowemotionalintelligence,however,canaffectintellectualcapabilities.Forexample,depressionexertsinfluenceonone'smemoryandconcentration.PsychologicaltestshaveproventhatfeelingsofrejectioncandramaticallyreduceIQ,resultinginaggressivenessandbeingoutofself-control.HavingahighIQalonedoesnotmeanthatapersonwillreachhispotential.ModeratetosubstantialgeneticinfluenceonIQhasalsobeenfoundthroughmanystudiesanditiswidelyrecognizedthatnotallindividualsareendowedwiththesameintelligence,butitshouldnotbeignoredthatgenesinteractwiththeenvironment.Socialfactorswillsurelyaddtointelligence.One'ssuccessisoftendecidedbythreefactors—experienceandtraining,IQ,andEQ—amongwhichIQistheleastimportantfactorandEQplaysamajorrole.Especiallyleadershipsuccessisfoundtobeattributabletoemotionalintelligence.FortunatelywhileIQisfixedandstatic,EQcanbedevelopedandimprovedthroughoutlifebytraining,heightening,andexpandingemotionalsensitivityandself-awareness.1、WhatisthedefinitionofEQingeneralaccordingtothepassage?A、EQisaperson’scompetencetobeawareofhisorother’semotionandtoactinaccordancewithit.B、ApersonwithhighEQishighlymotivatedtoachievesuccess.C、EQisanindicatorofinteractionandlifestyle.D、EQishowpeopleinteractwithothersandnature.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。题干问，根据原文情商大体上是如何定义的?定位于第一段“Accordingtothem，emotionalintelligenceisaperson’sabilitytounderstandhisownemotionandthoseofothers，andtoactappropriatelyusingtheseemotions．”可知正确选项是A。选项B为干扰项，第一段最后一句，“Onapersonallevel，EQincludeshavingmotivationandpursuingagoalsuccessfully．”是从个人层面讲，而题干问总体上，所以有偏差。选项C与选项D，与文章表述差别较大。2、WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaboutEQaccordingtothepassage?A、Emotionalintelligencecanbelearnedanddevelopedthroughoutlife.B、Emotionalintelligenceisarelativelyrecentideacomparedtotheother.C、ThereisamajordifferencebetweenmaleandfemaleontotalEQ.D、Emotionalintelligenceinfluencesothersdramatically.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。原文第二段“ThereisnobigdifferencebetweenmenandwomenontotalEQ…”男女情商总体上没什么大差别。而选项C，男女在情商上有较大差别，与原文意思恰好相反。选项A对应第二段第一句；选项B对应第一段第二句；选项D对应第三段。3、WhichoneofthefollowinginNOTTRUEaboutIQaccordingtothepassage?A、IQispaidmuchlessattentionbypeople.B、Intellectualintelligenceisproventohavemoretodowithgenes.C、Intellectualintelligenceisnotsubjecttochangethroughoutlife.D、IQistheleastimportantfactorinone’ssuccess.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。题干问选项中哪一个关于智商的描述不符合原文。根据原文第三段“theygetusedtopayingmoreaRentiontointellectualintelligencenotemotionalintelligence”人们习惯于更关注智商而不是情商，选项A意为智商较少得到人们关注，与原文意思相反，故选A。选项B对应第五段第一句；选项C对应第五段最后一句；选项D对应第五段第三句。4、Whytheauthormentioneddepressioninparagraph4?A、Todemonstratetheimportanceofemotionalintelligence.B、Tointroduceanewlydevelopeddisease.C、ItistobeservedasanexampletosupporttheideathatlowEQcanaffectIQ.D、Itisatransitionalsentence.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。题干问，作者在第四段提到抑郁症的原因。联系上下文，第四段第一句指明，低情商会影响智商。紧接着，举例抑郁症会对记忆力和注意力产生影响。可知，应选择C，抑郁症被用作一个例子来支持低情商会影响智商的观点。5、Howtorankthreefactors(experienceandtraining,IQ,EQ)intheorderofimportancefromhightolow?A、IQ,EQ,experienceandtraining.B、EQ,IQ,experienceandtraining.C、IQ,experienceandtraining,EQ.D、EQ,experienceandtraining,IQ.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。题干问，如何按从高到低的重要性来排列这三个因素：经验和训练、智商、情商。原文最后一段第三句，“amongwhichIOistheleastimportantfactorandEQplaysamajorrole．”意为智商最不重要，情商最重要。所以，正确排序应是选项D。TheWesternisauniquelygenrewhichhasfoundexpressioninthemediousofliterature,radio,televisionandthemovies.WesternsderivetheirnamefromthefactthattheyaresetWestoftheMississippibeforetheseareasweredevelopedandsettled.ManyWesternsthustakeplaceinfrontieroutpostsinthelatterhalfoftheNineteenthCentury.Westerns,whilenotaspopularastheyoncewere,continuetobeproducedbecausetheirsettingremainscompellingandallowsfortheexpressionofsomebasichumanconflicts.PopulariconsoftheWesternincludethegun,thehorse,thesaloonandtheopenprairie.TheWesternportrayedaviolentandisolatedsocietywhichplacedapremiumonfreedomandindependence.OftenWesternsshowedconflictbetweenwhitesettlersandNativeAmericans.Anothercommonconflictwasbetweenthefocusoflawandorder,oftenrepresentedbythetownsheriff,andcriminalelementssuchascattlerustlers,bankrobbersandgunsforhire.Westernswereparticularlypopularfromtheturnofthe20thCenturyupuntilthemid1960s.IntheearlypartofthecenturyWesternstoriesusuallyappearedininexpensive"pulp"magazines.Inthe1920sradiodramassuchastheLoneRangercameintovogue.Westernsreachedtheirgreatestaudience,howeverwiththelargenumberofmoviesmadefromthemid1930stomid1960s.WesternmoviestarssuchasJohnWayne,GaryCooperandmorerecentlyClintEastwoodhaveremainedextremelypopularwiththeAmericanpublic.Withtheadventoftelevisioninthe1950s,anewavenueopenedupfortheWesternandprogramssuchasGunsmokeandBonanzaexposedawholenewgenerationtothemythologyoftheAmericanWest.WesternsareoftenthoughttobecrudeandunsophisticatedastheypaintaromanticizedandunrealisticportraitoftheAmericanWestofthetime.WhilethismaybetrueofmanyWesterns,somecriticshavenotedthatthebestWesternsoftenshowaneverpresenttensioninAmericansociey:betweentheneedforsocietyontheonehandandthedesireofindividualstoexpresstheirpersonalimpulsesontheotherhand.BecausethisisfundamentaltoUSculture,theWesterngenrewilllikelytobewithusforyearstocome.6、WhatisthereasonfornamingagenreasTheWestern?A、Itisaspecificgenreintheformsofthemassmedia.B、ThebackgroundissetinthewestofMississippi.C、Amajorityofaudiencesareinterestedinthisname.D、TherapiddevelopmentofurbanizationinAmerica.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。题干问，西部文艺名字从何而来?定位于第一段“WesternsderivetheirnamefromthefactthattheyaresetWestoftheMississippibeforetheseareasweredevelopedandsettled．”derivefrom“来源于”。原句意为“西部文艺这个名称来源于：在这些地方被开发和定居之前，人们将密西西比河西部作为背景”。即选项B，置于密西西比河西部的背景。7、BesidesconflictsbetweenwhitesettlersandnativeAmericans,whatistheotherconflictportrayedinWesterns?A、Conflictsbetweenlawsandregulation.B、Strugglebetweenlifeincitiesandtowns.C、Conflictsbetweennatureandhumanbeings.D、Strugglebetweenfreedomandlimitation.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。题干问，除了白人定居者和美洲土著人之间的冲突外．在西部文学作品中还描绘了什么样的冲突?根据conflict这一关键词，定位于原文第二段最后一句，“Anothercommonconflictwasbetweentheforcesoflawandorder．”即此题的答案，法律的强制力与秩序之间的矛盾。“regulation”也是“秩序，规则”的意思。8、Theword"advent"(Line7,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto______.A、inventionB、suppressionC、appearanceD、evolution标准答案：C知识点解析：语义题。“advent”一词的原句为“Withtheadventoftelevisioninthe1950sanewavenueopenedupfortheWestern…”意为，20世纪50年代，电视的出现为西部文艺开辟了新道路。选项A“发明”，选项B“抑制”，选项D“进化”，均不符合。选项C“出现”为近义词替换。9、WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4?A、Westernsareconsideredtobefierceandunsophisticated.B、Westernshavebeenandwillbeproducedcontinuously.C、DespitedifferentopinionsonWesterns,theyareapartofAmericanculture.D、WesternsareanunrealisticportraitoftheAmericanWest.标准答案：C知识点解析：推断题。段落大意题。第四段的大意，选项A、B、D均为本段中的细节．以偏概全，不是段落的大意。本段描述了对西部文艺的两种态度，选项C涵盖了主旨。10、Whichoneofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthispassage?A、CareersoffamousWesternmoviestarsB、HowtheAmericanWestwassettledC、ComparisonbetweenWesternsandothergenresD、AhistoricalandculturalexplanationforWestern标准答案：D知识点解析：主旨题。题干问，该篇文章合适的标题。此题用排除法。选项A“西部文艺电影明星的事业”，很明显没有提及电影明星的话题；选项B“美国人如何在西部定居下来的”，本篇文章每段围绕西部文艺，美国人定居下来只是一笔带过；选项C“西部文艺与其他体裁的对比”，文章在开头只是提及西部文艺作为体裁的一种，之后便再没出现。所以，选项D“对西部文艺的历史和文化解读”为正确答案。Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplefrompoorersocioeconomicbackgroundstendtodolesswellinoureducationsystem.ThatisobservednotjustinNewZealand,butalsoinAustralia,BritainandAmerica.Inanattempttoovercomethateducationalunderachievement,anationwideprogramcalled"Headstart"waslaunchedintheUnitedStatesin1965.Alotofmoneywaspouredintoit.Ittookchildrenintopreschoolinstitutionsattheageofthreeandwassupposedtohelpthechildrenofpoorerfamiliessucceedinschool.Despitesubstantialfunding,resultshavebeendisappointing.Itisthoughtthattherearetwoexplanationsforthis.First,theprogrambegantoolate.Manychildrenwhoentereditattheageofthreewerealreadybehindtheirpeersinlanguageandmeasurableintelligence.Second,theparentswerenotinvolved.Attheendofeachday,"Headstart"childrenreturnedtothesamedisadvantagedhomeenvironment.Asaresultofthegrowingresearchevidenceoftheimportanceofthefirstthreeyearsofachild'slifeandthedisappointingresultsfrom"Headstart",apilotprogramwaslaunchedinMissouriintheUSthatfocusedonparentsasthechild'sfirstteachers.The"Missouri"programwaspredicatedonresearchshowingthatworkingwiththefamily,ratherthanbypassingtheparents,isthemosteffectivewayofhelpingchildrengetofftothebestpossiblestartinlife.Thefouryearspilotstudyincluded380familieswhowereabouttohavetheirfirstchildandwhorepresentedacrosssectionofsocioeconomicstatus,ageandfamilyconfigurations(结构).Theyincludedsingleparentandtwoparentfamilies,familiesinwhichbothparentsworked,andfamilieswitheitherthemotherorfatherathome.Theprograminvolvedtrainedparenteducatorsvisitingtheparents'homeandworkingwiththeparent,orparents,andthechild.Informationonchilddevelopment,andguidanceonthingstolookforandexpectasthechildgrowswereprovided,plusguidanceinfosteringthechild'sintellectual,language,socialandmotorskilldevelopment.Periodiccheckupsofthechild'seducationalandsensorydevelopment(hearingandvision)weremadetodetectpossiblehandicapsthatinterferewithgrowthanddevelopment.Medicalproblemswerereferredtoprofessionals.Attheageofthree,thechildrenwhohadbeeninvolvedinthe"Missouri"programwereevaluatedalongsideacrosssectionofchildrenselectedfromthesamerangeofsocioeconomicbackgroundsandfamilysituations,andalsoarandomsampleofchildrenthatage.Theresultswerephenomenal.Bytheageofthree,thechildrenintheprogramweresignificantlymoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopmentthantheirpeers,hadmadegreaterstridesinproblemsolvingandotherintellectualskills,andwerefurtheralonginsocialdevelopment.Infact,theaveragechildontheprogramwasperformingatthelevelofthetop15to20percentoftheirpeersinsuchthingsasauditorycomprehension,verbalabilityandlanguageability.11、Whohasmoreopportunitytobeadmittedtoinvolvein"Headstart"programme?A、Achildattheageofthreefromawealthyfamily.B、Achildattheageofthreefromapoorerfamily.C、Anadultfrompoorerfamily.D、Ateenagerattheageofthirteenfromarichfamily.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。题干问，谁更有机会被允许加入“领先起跑”组织?第一段最后一句．“Ittookchildrenintopre—schoolinstitutionsattheageofthreeandwassupposedtohelpthechildrenofpoorerfamiliessucceedinschool．”可看出有两个条件，第一是三岁的小孩，第二是家境贫困的小孩。所以，正确答案是B。12、Whatisthemajordifferencebetween"Headstart"programmeand"Missouri"programme?A、Thewaytheyapproachchildren.B、Thestandardtheyset.C、Thefundingtheyreceive.D、Thewaytheyregardtheroleofparents.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。题干问两项目的主要不同点。原文第二段倒数第二句，“theparentswerenotinvolved．”和第三段第二句，“TheMissouriprogramme…showingthatworkingwiththefamily，ratherthanbypassingtheparents…”对比可看出，两者的差异在于家长是否有参加。所以应选D。13、Whichoneofthefollowingisnotincludedineitheroftwoprogrammes?A、Childrenareadministeredtopoorandwealthyfamilies.B、Sufficientfundingisprovided.C、Theassistanceiscontinuedwithfollow-upinelementaryschools.D、Educatorsmadevisitstoparents’home.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。题干问，两个项目都没有涉及的?此题用排除法。选项A，对应第三段第三句，“whorepresentedacross-sectionofsocio-economicstatus”；选项B，对应第一段倒数第二句，“Alotofmoneywaspouredintoit．”；选项D，对应第四段第一句．“Theprogrammeinvolvedtrainedparent-educatorsvisitingtheparents’home…”。选项C“援助在中学还将继续”，文中并没有提及。所以，正确选项是C。14、Whatisthepurposeoftheestablishmentofthesetwoprogrammes?A、Itisdesignedtoimprovepre-schoolers’educationaldevelopment.B、Itaimstoenhanceearlychildhoodeducationinstitutions.C、Itsgoalistolayasolidfoundationforadulthood.D、Thepurposeistoexpandchildren’svision.标准答案：A知识点解析：推断题。题干问，建立两个项目的目的。选项B“提高早期儿童发展机构水平”．原文受益对象不是机构。所以错误；选项C“为成人打坚实的基础”，文中未提及：选项D“为了扩大儿童的视野”，文中也没有提及。选项A“它们是为了提高学前儿童的教育”。本文介绍了两个帮助三岁前儿童的教育项目来提高学前教育水平，所以选项A正确。15、Theword"phenomenal"(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto______.A、disappointingB、unsettledC、remarkableD、doubtful标准答案：C知识点解析：语义题。此题需要联系上下文。此句后例子包括，“significantlymoreadvancedinlanguagedevelopment”(儿童在语言发展方面有明显进步)；“madegreaterstridesinproblemsolving”(儿童在解决问题方面跨出一大步)。由此例子可知．结果肯定是好的，应选褒义词，选项C“显著的”，符合题意。Asenseofselfdevelopsinyoungchildrenbydegrees.Theprocesscanusefullybethoughtofintermsofthegradualemergenceoftwosomewhatseparatefeatures:theselfasasubject,andtheselfasanobject.WilliamJamesintroducedthedistinctionin1892,andcontemporariesofhis,suchasCharlesCooley,addedtothedevelopingdebate.Eversincethenpsychologistshavecontinuedbuildingonthetheory.AccordingtoJames,achild'sfirststepontheroadtoself-understandingcanbeseenastherecognitionthatheorsheexists.Thisisanaspectoftheselfthathelabelled"self-as-subject",andhegaveitvariouselements.Theseincludedanawarenessofone'sownagency(i.e.one'spowertoact),andanawarenessofone'sdistinctivenessfromotherpeople.Thesefeaturesgraduallyemergeasinfantsexploretheirworldandinteractwithcaregivers.Cooley(1902)suggestedthatasenseoftheself-as-subjectwasprimarilyconcernedwithbeingabletoexercisepower.Heproposedthattheearliestexamplesofthisareaninfant'sattemptstocontrolphysicalobjects,suchastoysorhisownlimbs.Thisisfollowedbyattemptstoaffectthebehaviourofotherpeople.Forexample,infantslearnthatwhentheycryorsmile,someonerespondstothem.Oncechildrenhaveacquiredacertainlevelofself-awareness,theybegintoplacethemselvesinwholeseriesofcategories,whichtogetherplaysuchanimportantpartindefiningthemuniquelyas"themselves".ThissecondstepinthedevelopmentofafullsenseofselfiswhatJamescalledthe"Self-as-object".Thishasbeenseenbymanytobetheaspectoftheselfwhichismostinfluencedbysocialelements,sinceitismadeupofsocialroles(suchasstudent,brother,colleague)andcharacteristicswhichderivetheirmeaningfromcomparisonorinteractionwithotherpeople(suchastrustworthiness,shyness,sportingability).Cooleyandotherresearcherssuggestedacloseconnectionbetweenaperson'sownunderstandingoftheiridentityandotherpeople'sunderstandingofit.Cooleybelievedthatpeoplebuilduptheirsenseofidentityfromthereactionsofotherstothem,andfromtheviewtheybelieveothershaveofthem.Hecalledtheself-as-objectthe"looking-glassself,sincepeoplecometoseethemselvesastheyarereflectedinothers.Mead(1934)wentevenfurther,andsawtheselfandthesocialworldasinextricablyboundtogether:"Theselfisessentiallyasocialstructure,anditarisesinsocialexperience...itisimpossibletoconceiveofaselfarisingoutsideofsocialexperience."Finally,perhapsthemostgraphicexpressionsofself-awarenessingeneralcanbeseeninthedisplaysofragewhicharemostcommonfrom18monthsto3yearsofage.Inalongitudinalstudyofgroupsofthreeorfourchildren,Bronson(1975)foundthattheintensityofthefrustrationandangerintheirdisagreementsincreasedsharplybetweentheagesof1and2years.Often,thechildren'sdisagreementsinvolvedastruggleoveratoythatnoneofthemhadplayedwithbeforeorafterthetug-of-war:thechildrenseemedtobedisputingownershipratherthanwantingtoplaywithit.Althoughitmaybelessmarkedinothersocieties,thelinkbetweenthesenseof"selfandof"ownership"isanotablefeatureofchildhoodinWesternsocieties.16、WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaboutthedevelopmentofchildren’ssenseofidentity?A、Thetwoprocesses—"selfasasubject"and"selfasanobject"developatthesametime.B、Theprocessofchildren’ssenseofidentitydevelopsgradually.C、Thetheoryofasenseofselfdevelopmentisstillunderdebate.D、WilliamJamesdistinguished"selfasasubject"from"selfasanobject"in1892.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。此题应用排除法。选项B，对应第一段“Asenseofselfdevelopsinyoungchildrenbydegrees．”孩子的自我认知是逐渐形成的：选项C，对应第一段“thedevelopingdebate”，逐渐扩大的辩论；选项D，对应第一段“WilliamJamesintroducedthedistinctionin1892”。选项A“主体自我和客体自我同时发展”，不正确。由第三段第一句，“Oncechildrenhaveacquiredacertainlevelofself-awareness…calledtheself-as-object．”意思是一旦孩子获得一定程度的自我认知，他们才开始客体自我的认知。所以，正确选项是A。17、Whydoinfantstrytogainthepossessionofphysicalobjects?A、Physicalobjects,suchastoysareattractivetoinfants.B、Thecontrolofphysicalobjectsisasignalforthepowerfulmanipulation,reflectinginfants’senseofselfasasubject.C、Infantshavenoawarenessofanyphysicalobjects.D、Itisasignalthatinfantsareawareofthesenseofselfasanobject.标准答案：B知识点解析：推断题。根据关键词“physicalobjects”定位于第二段，“Cooleysuggestedthatasenseoftheself-as—subjectwasprimarilyconcernedwithbeingabletoexercisepower．Heproposedthatearliestexamplesofthisareaninfant’sattemptstocontrolphysicalobjects．”意思是，Cooley认为主体自我的意识主要与行使权力有关。他提出，最早的例子是婴儿试图控制实物。由此可知，选项B“控制实物是权力控制的表现”，反应了婴儿的自我主体意识，是正确答案。18、Whatelementsareincludedinselfasanobject?A、Environmentandparents’education.B、Schooleducation.C、Socialrolesandcharactersinfluencedbyenvironment.D、Othersjudgmentandstatus.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。原文第三段最后一句，“Thishasbeenseenbymanytobetheaspectoftheselfwhichismostinfluencedbysocialelements，sinceitismadeupofsocialrolesandcharacteristicswhichderivetheirmeaningfromcomparisonorinteractionwithotherpeople．”This指代客观自我认识。很多人认为它受社会因素影响大，因为客体自我有社会角色和来自与其他人比较或互动而产生的特征构成。所以，选项C“社会角色和受环境的性格”符合原文大意。故选C。19、Whichoneofthefollowingrhetoricsisappliedinparagraph4?A、Metaphor.B、Personification.C、Contrast.D、Exaggeration.标准答案：A知识点解析：推断题。第四段中作者运用了什么修辞手法?第四段第三句，“Hecalledtheself-as—objectthe‘looking—glassself’”他将客体自我称为镜中自我。可知作者将客体比作一面镜子。所以，选项A，比喻，为正确选项。选项B，拟人；选项C，对比；选项D，夸张，均不符合原文修辞用法。故选A。20、Theword"rage"(Line2,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto______.A、disappointmentB、wrathC、dismayD、silence标准答案：B知识点解析：语义题。第五段第一句，“finally，perhapsthemostgraphicexpressionsofself-awarenessingeneralcanbeseeninthedisplaysofrage…”最终，一半自我认知最形象的表达方式是愤怒。联系下文，也可推断出。第二句“theintensityofthefrustrationandangerintheirdisagreementsincreasedsharply”争论中产生的挫败感和愤怒增加。选项A，失望；选项C，沮丧；选项D，沉默，均不符合原文大意。正确答案是B。愤怒。大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、长篇阅读(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)DealingwithCriticismA)Noonelikesgettingcriticism.Butitcanbeachancetoshowoffarareskill:takingnegativefeedback(反馈)well.Itisaskillthatrequirespractice,humilityandasizabledoseofself-awareness.Buttheabilitytolearnfromcriticismfuelscreativityatwork,studiesshow,andhelpsthefreeflowofvaluablecommunication.B)Temperinganemotionalresponsecanbehard,especially"ifyou'regenuinelysurprisedandyou'regettingthatfloodofangerandpanic,"saysDouglasStone,alectureratHarvardLawSchoolandco-authorof"ThanksfortheFeedback."C)GillianFlorentinewasstunnedwhenasupervisoratapreviousemployeraccusedherofworking"underthecoverofdarkness."Shewasgatheringinternaldataforaproposalsheplannedtopresenttohimonschedulingflexibilityforinformation-technologyemployees,saysMs.Florentine,aPittsburghhuman-resourcesconsultant.Sheknewsheshouldrespondcalmly,acknowledgethatshesometimesmadedecisionsonherownandaskspecificallywhathadupsethim.Heremotionalresponseoverrodeherjudgment,however."Iwaslike,'Areyoukiddingme?'"shesays."Ifeltoffendedandpersonallyhurt,"andrespondedinanangrytone.Ms.Florentinelatersmoothedovertheriftandpromisedtokeepthebossbetterinformed.Butshetoldhimthathiswordinghad"feltlikeapersonalattackonmyintegrity."D)Manyemployeesdon'tgetmuchpracticereceivingnegativefeedback,managerssay.Itisoutoffashion,foronething:Some94%ofhuman-resourcesmanagersfavourpositivefeedback,sayingithasabiggerimpactonemployees'performancethancriticism,accordingtoa2013surveyof803employersbytheSocietyforHumanResourceManagementandGloboforce.Performancereviewsareinfrequent,with77%ofemployersconductingthemonlyonceayear.E)Whenpeoplearecriticized,thestrongfeelingsthatfollowcanbetoughtocontrol."Ifyouendupinapuddleoftears,that'sgoingtobethememorablemoment,"saysDanaBrownlee,founderofProfessionalismMatters,Atlanta,acorporate-trainingcompany.F)Iftearswelluporyoufeelyourselfbecomingdefensive,asktowait24hoursbeforeresponding,saysBradKarsh,presidentofJBTrainingSolutions,Chicago,aconsultingandtrainingcompany."Say,'thankyouverymuchforthefeedback.WhatI'dliketodoisthinkaboutit.'"G)Peoplereactbadlytofeedbackforoneofthreereasons,saysMr.Stone:Thecriticismmayseemwrongorunfair.Thelistenermaydislikeordisrespectthepersongivingit.Orthefeedbackmayrockthelistener'ssenseofidentityorsecurity.H)Somepeopledistortfeedbackintoadevastatingpersonalcritique.Mr.Stonesuggestswritingdown:"Whatisthisfeedbackabout,andwhatisitnotabout?"Then,changeyourthinkingbyeliminatingdistortedthoughts."Thegoalistogetthefeedbackbackintotheright-sizedbox"asacritiqueofspecificaspectsofyourcurrentperformance,hesays.I)Mr.Stonerecallsameetingyearsagowhereaclienttosseddownonthetableareportheandhiscolleagueandco-authorSheilaHeenhadwrittenandyelled,"Thisisapieceofs—!"Mr.Stonesayshisheartsank:"I'mthinking,'Thismeetingisnotgoingwell.'"ButMs.Heenhadacomeback:"Whenyousays—,couldyoubemorespecific?Whatdoyoumean?"Thequestionstouchedoffausefultwo-hourdiscussion,Mr.Stonesays.Ms.Heenconfirmstheaccount.J)"What"questions,suchas"Whatevidencedidyousee?"tendtodrawoutmorehelpfulinformation,saysproductivity-trainingconsultantGarrettMiller.Questionsthatbeginwith"why,"suchas,"Whyareyousayingthat?"breedresentmentandbogdowntheconversation,saysMr.Miller,chiefexecutiveofCoTria,Tranquility,N.J.K)Itistemptingtodismisscriticismfromabossyoudislike.LoriKleiman,aspeakerandauthoronhuman-resourceissuesinChicago,finishedasalescallseveralyearsagobysigningupanewclient.Amanagerwhohadbeenlisteningincalledafterward,congratulatedher,thendeliveredacritique:Ms.Kleimansaid"like"toooftenwhiletalkingtotheclient.Ms.Kleimanfeltangryatthecall,becauseshefeltthismanagerfrequently"one-upped"her,andatfirstdismissedthefeedback,shesays.Butaftersomethought,shesawthatthemanagerwasright.Asaresult,shesays,shebegantochooseherwordsmorecarefullyandbrokethehabit.L)Extrarestraintisneededifabossorcolleagueissuesacritiqueinameetinginfrontofothers."Don'tcreateascene.Justnodandkeepasmile,"saysMr.Karsh.Later,acknowledgethefeedback,butexplainthatitwasn'tappropriateorhelpfultoreceiveitinfrontofothers.Askthatinthefuture,"wehavethosediscussionsone-on-one,"hesays.M)Employeestendtobecomelessdefensiveiftheyreceivefrequentfeedback,saysCatalinaAndrade,trainingandbenefitsmanageratTris3ct,aChicagomarketingagency.Tris3cttrainsmanagerstogivefrequent,directfeedbackandtoshowunderstandingwhiledoingso.N)Somefeedbackmayactuallybeoutoflinewithyourperformanceorcharacter.Itisfairtoaskasupervisoraboutthebasisforthecritique,Mr.Karshsays.Ifthebosshasn'tbotheredtogatherestimationsfromco-workers,clientsorcustomerswhoknowanddependonyourwork,itmaybeallrighttoaskthattheirevaluationsbeincluded.O)Afterreflectingonfeedbackforawhile,however,mostpeoplerealize,"Icantotallyseewhysomeonewouldsaythat,"Mr.Karshadds.Mr.Miller,theproductivityconsultant,sayshewasangrywhenabossonapreviousjobscoldedhimforhostinganinformalteamstrategymeetingthenightbeforeanall-employeeconference.Themeetingwasproductive.ButthebosscriticizedMr.Miller,remindinghimoftheboss'sdirectivethatnoconf