2025版高考英语总复习Unit4Pygmalion教学案新人教版选修8

PAGEPAGE1Unit4PygmalionStep1课前打算——单元考点自查自测1.词汇分层级识记过关2.语境活用填写过关3.经典句式背诵仿写过关4.类词巧积累事半功倍(一)分门别类攻单词——识形辨意·拓展应用(二)写用结合记短语——译写短语·语境活用(三)仿写活用练句式——经典句型·仿写背诵Step2课堂探究——核心考点点点突破1.重点难点考点学通练透2.归纳总结拓绽开阔视野3.方法规律技巧权威点拨4.四平八稳打创高效课堂第一时段Warmingup&Reading1．hesitatevi.迟疑；踌躇[教材原句]Agentleman(G)passesandhesitatesforamoment.这时有位先生(G)从这儿路过，他迟疑了片刻。(1)hesitatetodosth.迟疑做某事hesitateabout/in/at/over对……迟疑不决(2)hesitationn.踌躇；迟疑withouthesitation坚决果断地havenohesitationindoingsth.坚决果断地做某事单句语法填空①Shewasstillhesitating________whethertoaccepttheinvitation.②Shehesitated________(spend)somuchmoneyonsuchadress.③Shepickedupherhandbag,________(hesitate)andalmostmadeittothedoor.④Hestoppedattheturningfork,________(hesitate)aboutwhichwaytogo.⑤WhenIneedhelp,healwayscomestohelpmewithout________(hesitate)．句型转换⑥Withoutanyhesitation,theoldmanjumpedintotherivertosavethedrowningyoungwoman.→Theoldman________________jumpingintotherivertosavethedrowningyoungwoman.[答案]①about/over②tospend③hesitated④hesitating⑤hesitation⑥hadnohesitationin2．remarkn.谈论；言论；评述vt.&vi.谈论；评论；说起[教材原句]Youcanplaceamanbyjustafewremarks.你可以依据几句话就判定一个人来自何地。(1)remarkon/upon谈论/评论……remarkthat...说；评论说(2)makeremarkson/upon对……发表评论/看法(3)remarkableadj.非凡的；显著的单句语法填空①Heonceremarked________“Allhappyfamiliesresembleoneanother,buteachunhappyfamilyisunhappyinitsownway.”②Aslongaswelisten,speak,readandwritemore,wearesuretomake________(remark)progress!③ProfessorLimadeashortremarkintheclass________students'cheatinginexaminations,whosewordsleftadeepimpressiononthem.④Sheshowed________(remark)couragewhensheheardthebadnews.[答案]①that②remarkable③on/upon④remarkable3．condemnvt.指责；使……处于不幸/不开心的状态；判刑，宣告……有罪[教材原句](rudely)LookatthisgirlwithherterribleEnglish:theEnglishthatwillcondemnhertotheguttertotheendofherdays.(粗鲁地)你瞧这个姑娘，英语说得那样糟糕：那口语使她注定要在贫民窟里待一辈子。(1)condemnsb.for...因……指责某人condemnsb.tosth./todosth.使某人注定……；使某人注定做……(2)condemnsb.todeath判某人死刑单句语法填空①Ifyoudon'tlearnfromthepast，you____________(condemn)torepeatitsmistakes.②Lackofskillscondemnedhim________(live)apoorlife.③Aswasexpected，thecriminalwascondemned__________tenyearsinprison.④Mr.Hongsaidhehadborrowedthebicycle,butnobodybelievedhim,andhisneighbourscondemnedhim________athief.⑤Hewascondemnedtodeath________murderandlaterhanged.⑥Whenthepoorwomanlostherhusband,sherealizedthatshewascondemned________alonelyoldage.⑦Duetotherainstorm,theywerecondemned________(spend)afortnightofidlenessatthatlonelyisland.[答案]①arecondemned②tolive③to④as⑤for⑥to⑦tospend4．acquaintancen．相识；了解；熟人[教材原句]AndIcametoEnglandtomakeyouracquaintance!我也正是到英国来找你的！(1)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(makeone'sacquaintance,maketheacquaintanceofsb.))结识某人haveacquaintancewithsth.对某事知道/了解(2)beacquaintedwith熟识单句语法填空①Itisagoodchanceforyoutomake________acquaintanceofnewpeople.②Therearemanywaysthroughwhichwecanbecome________(acquaint)withtheoutsideworld.③Icouldnotspeakthelanguage,neitherdidIhavefriendsnor________(acquaint)inthetown.④Iamanewcomerandnotacquainted________therulesandregulationshere.[答案]①the②acquainted③acquaintances④with5．fortunen．机会；运气；财产；大笔的钱[经典例句]Goodbookscanbringusalargefortune.好书能给我们带来巨大的财宝。(1)tryone'sfortune碰运气seekone'sfortune找出路makeafortune发财havethegoodfortunetodosth.有幸做某事(2)fortunateadj.幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky)befortunatetodosth.幸运做某事(3)fortunatelyadv.幸运地(＝luckily)单句语法填空①Ihadthegoodfortune____________(choose)forstudyingabroad.②____________(fortune),ayoungmanwhowasjustpassingbycameuptotheinjured.③ThesetwobrothersdecidedtogotoAmericatotrytheir____________(fortunate)．④Whenhewasyoung,hewouldalwaysdreamof________(make)afortune.句型转换⑤Happyistheman,whobeforedying,hasthegoodfortunetosailtheAegeanSea.→Happyistheman,whobeforedying,_______________________theAegeanSea.[答案]①tobechosen②Fortunately③fortune④making⑤isfortunatetosail[方法规律]fortune作名词且意为“机会；运气”时，是不行数名词；作名词且意为“大笔的钱”时，是可数名词。6．intermsof...就……来说；从……角度[教材原句]Correctallthesesentencesintermsofgrammar,spelling,etc,sothatshecanusethemproperly.从语法、拼法等方面改正这些句子，以便她能恰当地运用。inone'sterms在某人看来inthelong/shortterm就长远/短期而言beongood/badterms关系良好/不好cometotermswith达成协议；和好；接受；适应用term相关短语的适当形式填空①Shemanagedto________________herpainandwaitedpatientlyforherdoctortocome.②It'sratherdifficultforacockypersonto________________________others.③Learningisnotalwayseasy,butitisalwaysbeneficial________________.④Wemustconsiderproblems________________thepeople'sinterests.[答案]①cometotermswith②beongoodtermswith③inthelongterm④intermsof7．Whatif...?[教材原句]WhatifIwas?假如我是，又怎么样呢？(1)Whatif...？“倘使……将会怎样？”；“假如……又会怎样？”。常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等，后面常常跟一般现在时，有时依据语境也可以跟虚拟语气。①____________thecarbreaksdown?假如汽车抛锚了怎么办？②Itsoundslikeagoodoffer,but________________？那个提议听起来很迷人，但假如是个骗局怎么办？(2)Howcome表示你觉得某件事很惊奇，有点想不通，意为“怎么会……？怎么回事……？”，和Why一样用来引导一个问句。但Howcome开头的问句运用的仍是陈述句的语序。③________________________________________________________youdidn'ttellmeearlier?(＝_____________________________________________didn'tyoutellmeearlier？)你怎么不早点儿告知我？(3)“How/Whatabout...？”常用来征求对方的看法或向对方提出建议，意为“……怎么样？”④____________yourEnglishexamyesterday?你昨天的英语考得怎么样？[答案]①Whatif②whatifit'satrick③Howcome;Why④How/Whatabout[思维发散](1)Whatfor？为什么目的/为何理由？(2)Sowhat？那又怎么样？(3)Whynotdosth.？为什么不……？[答案]1.perly6.as7.condemned8.amazement9.acquaintance10．fortune其次时段LearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage1．compromisen．妥协；和解；折衷v．妥协；让步；违反；放弃[教材原句](compromises)OK,I'llteachyou.(妥协)好吧，我教你。(1)reach/cometoacompromise和解；达成妥协makeacompromisewith与……妥协bycompromise折衷(2)compromisewithsb.与某人和解compromiseonsth.就某事折中单句语法填空①Peacetalksarecontinuinginthehopethatthetwocountrieswillreach________compromise.②Inordertoliveinharmony，sometimesyouneedtomake________(compromise)．③Wearenotpreparedtocompromise________safetystandards.[答案]①a②compromises③on2．disgustingadj.使人反感的；令人厌恶的[教材原句]I'dneverhavecomeifI'dknownaboutthisdisgustingthingyouwantmetodo...我要是知道你要我做这种令人厌烦的事，我是决不会来的……(1)disgustedadj.厌恶的bedisgustedwith厌烦/厌恶……(2)disgustn.厌恶，嫌恶v.令人厌恶，令人反感，使人作呕toone'sdisgust令某人作呕的是indisgust厌恶地单句语法填空①Hisbadmannersatthetable________(disgust)us.②________hisdisgust,hesawadeadratinhisgarden.③The________(disgust)smellfromrubbishdisturbedeveryonelivingnearby.④Themoviewasso________(disgust)thatwewalkedoutofthecinema.[答案]①disgusted②To③disgusting④disgusting3．overlookvt.俯视；忽视；忽视[教材原句]Butyoucannotoverlookthat!但你可不能小看这个问题！(1)overlook强调由于不留意而忽视小事或胸怀宽广而宽恕他人的过错。(2)ignore指有意忽视。(3)neglect指由于不在乎、不宠爱而造成的疏忽。用overlook,ignore,neglect的适当形式填空①Thedriver________thetrafficlights.②Themother________herlittleson'sbadbehaviour.③Dancehasbeen________bytelevision.④Fromourhouseonthehillside,wecan________thewholevillage.[答案]①ignored②overlooks③neglected④overlook4．show...in带或领……进来[教材原句]Showherin,Mrs.Pearce.皮尔斯夫人，带她进来。(1)show...out带或领……出去(2)showoff炫耀；展示(3)showup出现；来到某处(4)showsb.around/round领某人参观(5)show...forsb.向某人表示……(6)show...tosb.给某人看……单句语法填空①Weshouldshowourrespect________oldpeople,ourparentsandourteachers.②Heshowedgreatinterest________thegameinwhichtheyoungmancompetedlastnight.③Heshowedme________theschool.④Sheshowed________hernecklacebeforethepublic.⑤Themeetingistostart，butthechairmanhasn'tshowed________yet.⑥Assoonaswearrived，thehostshowedus________.[答案]①for②in③around④off⑤up⑥in5．inneedof须要[教材原句]She'sinneedofboth.这两个方面她都须要。(1)inneed须要(2)sth.needs/neededdoing/tobedone某物须要被做(3)Thereisnoneedforsb.todosth.对某人来说没有必要做某事单句语法填空①Thereisnoneedforyou____________(sign)this.②Afriend________needisafriendindeed.③Thecomputerneeds__________________________________________________________(repair)．④ManyChineseuniversitiesprovidescholarshipsforstudentsinneed________financialaid.[答案]①tosign②in③repairing/toberepaired④of6．fadeout(声音、画面)渐渐模糊；渐淡[教材原句]That'susuallyconsideredveryeffective...(fadesoutastheygooffstagetogether)那通常被认为很有效……(他们一起朝台下走去，声音渐渐减弱)fadeaway衰弱；病重死亡；渐渐消逝fadeinto渐渐消逝在……fadefrom从……渐渐消逝用fade相关短语的适当形式填空①Theclosingmusic____________whentheheroridesoffintothesunset.②Hisnamewillnever____________thememoryoftheworld.③Aseveningcamethecoastline____________darkness.④Withtimegoingby,manypeople'smemoriesofchildhood________.完成句子⑤Whileitisconvenientandeasytotakeonlinelessons,Iamstillpositivethattheclassroomteaching_________________________________________________________________.尽管在网上上课便利又简洁，我仍旧乐观地认为课堂教学恒久不会消逝。[答案]①fadesout②fadefrom③fadedinto④fadeaway⑤willneverfadeout[答案]Step3课后演练——学问实力链接高考Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneed________somedeliciousinspirationonabudget.[答案]of2．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)It'spossiblethatweallhave________(compromise)conversationalintelligence.[答案]compromised3．(2024·北京卷)AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmithevenmore________(remark)．[答案]remarkable4．Aftersome____________(hesitate)，thesuspecttoldthepolicethewholetruth.[答案]hesitation5．Toanewenvironment，therewillbeaprocessof__________(adapt)．[答案]adaptation6．Everybodycanmakesoundsinawaybysingingorplayinga____________(music)instrument.[答案]musical7．Librariansspendalotoftime____________(classify)booksintoseveralparts.[答案]classifying8．________(fortune),peoplearebeginningtorealizehowseriousthepollutionis.[答案]Fortunately9．Hehasalargenumberof________(acquaintance),sohehadnotroubleinfindingthisdestination.[答案]acquaintances10．Thismodelistechnicallysuperior________itscompetitors.[答案]toⅡ.单句改错1．Intermofstudyandhealth,weshoulddevelopahealthylifestyle.____________[答案]term→terms2．WasitinthecityyouvisitedlastyearthatyoumadeacquaintanceofProfessorJones？____________[答案]在made后加the3．Helenwaschosenforthejobbecauseshewasfarsuperiorthananyothercandidate.____________[答案]than→to4．Butforhisarrivingintime,shewouldhaverobbed.____________[答案]在robbed前加been5．Generallyspoken,pricesfollowdemand;ifthereisnodemand,pricesarelow.____________[答案]spoken→speaking6．Itisrequiredthatundernocircumstancesshouldwebetrayofourselveseveniftherearetemptationslikemoney.____________[答案]去掉of7．ThehotplayonTVisadaptationofashortnovelwrittenbyMoYan.____________[答案]在is后加an8．MostAmericansfeeluncomfortablyiftheystandtooclosetootherswhentalking.____________[答案]uncomfortably→uncomfortable9．PeopleareoftenmistakeinthinkingthatthosewithhighIQsalwayshavehighEQsaswell.____________[答案]mistake→mistaken10．TheteacheraskedthestudenttoexplainthewordproperinEnglish.____________[答案]proper→properlyⅢ.依据提示词及相关要求完成句子1．又累又渴，学生们不想再向前走了。(形容词作状语)__________________，thestudentsdidn'twanttogoahead.[答案]Tiredandthirsty2．要是这个星期六的晚上有场精彩的足球赛会怎么样呢？(whatif...)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________onthisSaturdaynight?[答案]Whatifthereisawonderfulfootballmatch3．陷入深思，她差点撞到树上。(过去分词短语作状语)________________________________________________________,shenearlyranintoatree.[答案]Lostinthought4．当我们和挚友发生冲突的时候，换位思索是非常重要的。(beof＋n.)Puttingourselvesintheirshoes______________________________________whenwehaveconflictswithfriends.[答案]isofgreatimportance/significance5．我敢确定就资格、实力和阅历而言，你确定适合我们心目中的职位。(intermsof)Iamsurethat________________________________，youareabsolutelyfitforthepositionwehaveinmind.[答案]intermsofqualifications,abilityandexperience6．麦克的挚友也坚决果断地跳下自行车加入到与狼的搏斗中。(hesitation)Mac'sfriendsalso____________________________andjoinedthefightwiththewolf.[答案]jumpedofftheirbicycleswithouthesitation高考题型分组训练训练一语言学问运用板块训练——重情理，练准度(限时：25分钟)Ⅰ.完形填空(2024·青岛市高三检测)TheiceroadsofCanada'sfarnorthareonlymadeoficethatspreadsformanymilesacrossnothingbutopen,frozenlakes.The__1__thattruckersbringtothesebarely­accessibleareasarealwaysextremelyimportanttotheminesthere.Ifanimportantpieceofmachinerydoesnotget__2__，thecompanywillhaveto__3__eightmonthsforthenextdeliverytobesent,becausetheiceroadsareonly__4__for3～4monthsoftheyear.Afterthat,theybecome__5__astheicethicknessbeginstothininplaces.Drivingontheiceroadsisn'ta(n)__6__thateverytruckdrivercando,though.Mostdriverswhotrythissortofwork__7__atthefirstsoundoftheicecrackingunderthegreat__8__oftheirtrucks.Othersmakeitacrossthefrozenicetotheirdestinationbutdecidethe__9__forthemisn'tworththemoney,__10__eventheslightestmistakeorfaultintheroadcouldcostadriverhis/herlife.Thetrucksalltravelingroupsataslowand__11__pace,andkeepthesamedistancefromeachothertoreducethechanceofa(n)__12__，butifatruckhasto__13__foranylengthoftimeamajordisastercouldoccur.The__14__isnotabletobearthepressureofaconstantweightinonespot,andifatruckbreaksdown,itisaraceagainst__15__togetitmovingagain.Ifatruckdoesbreakthroughtheiceand__16__，atruckerhaslessthanaminutetogetoutoftheicywaterbeforehe__17__.DianneRowland,__18__ofaniceroadtrucker,saidshewouldnotletherhusbandgoagain__19__shesawatelevisionseriesthattoldthestoryoficeroadtruckers.Theirthreedaughters__20__theirmother.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加拿大“冰路”卡车司机工作的危急性。1．A.workers B．materialsC．foods D．drinks[解析]依据下文的“theminesthere”及“animportantpieceofmachinery”可推想，卡车司机运输的东西多是跟矿井生产有关的“原材料(materials)”。[答案]B2．A.finished B．madeC．designed D．delivered[解析]依据下文的“thenextdelivery”可知，这里是假设一个重要的机器没能被“运输(delivered)”，须要下次运输的状况。[答案]D3．A.spend B．saveC．wait D．kill[解析]依据本段末的“astheicethicknessbeginstothininplaces”可知，冰雪会溶化，所在冰路只能“用(usable)”三到四个月。过了这几个月，由于冰层变薄，冰路就会变得很“危急(dangerous)”。也就是说，错过了这三到四个月的运输期，下次运输就得“等(wait)”八个月。[答案]C4．A.usable B．valuableC．acceptable D．suitable[解析]参见上题解析。[答案]A5．A.disappointing B．differentC．disturbing D．dangerous[解析]参见第3题解析。[答案]D6．A.job B．offerC．interest D．journey[解析]在冰路上开卡车并不是一项每个司机都能做的“工作(job)”。[答案]A7．A.stayaround B．stayupC．turnaround D．turnup[解析]依据本空后的“atthefirstsoundoftheicecracking”不难想象，听到冰裂的声音，大部分人会胆怯 ，所以会“掉头(turnaround)”回去。[答案]C8．A.height B．weightC．speed D．size[解析]依据常识可知，车的“重量(weight)”会让冰层裂开。[答案]B9．A.pain B．troubleC．distance D．stress[解析]依据本句中的“eventheslightestmistakeorfaultintheroadcouldcostadriverhis/herlife”可知，“因为(because)”即使是最小的错误都可能要人命，所以有些人即使平安开到了目的地也会觉得挣的钱不值得他们承受那么大的“压力(stress)”。[答案]D10．A.because B．whenC．until D．but[解析]参见上题解析。[答案]A11．A.relaxed B．steadyC．gentle D．careful[解析]依据本段中的“notabletobearthepressureofaconstantweightinonespot”可知，车不能“停(stop)”，因为一停下来，车的重量就会集中在一点，灾难可能就会发生。因此，车队须要让冰路受力匀称，以慢且“稳的(steady)”速度前进，并保持车与车之间的距离一样，这样才能削减“事故(accident)”发生的几率。[答案]B12．A.event B．mistakeC．accident D．change[解析]参见上题解析。[答案]C13．A.repair B．moveC．continue D．stop[解析]参见第11题解析。[答案]D14．A.ice B．truckC．space D．destination[解析]本文是在谈论在冰路上驾驶卡车的危急性，因此这里是指“冰(ice)”不能在某一点持续承受压力，所以假如有车抛锚的话，司机须要跟“时间(time)”赛跑，让车刚好重新行驶，否则就可能让冰裂开。[答案]A15．A.money B．energyC．time D．courage[解析]参见上题解析。[答案]C16．A.disappear B．sinkC．tremble D．crash[解析]依据本句中的“breakthroughtheice”可知，卡车从冰上掉进水里的话会“沉没(sink)”，司机在被淹“死(dies)”之前只有不到一分钟的时间从冰水里逃命。[答案]B17．A.dies B．returnsC．tries D．drives[解析]参见上题解析。[答案]A18．A.friend B．daughterC．mother D．wife[解析]依据本空后的“herhusband”可知，DianneRowland是名冰路卡车司机的“妻子(wife)”。[答案]D19．A.before B．althoughC．after D．while[解析]DianneRowland在电视上看了关于冰路司机的系列片“后(after)”意识到这项工作的危急性，所以她不让丈夫再去从事这项工作，而她的三个女儿也“同意(agreedwith)”母亲的看法。[答案]C20．A.listenedto B．agreedwithC．pointedtoD.talkedwith[解析]参见上题解析。[答案]BⅡ.语法填空(2024·河北保定期末)Ingeneral,spokenstatementsareamajorwayof1.____________(communicate),butbodylanguageisalsoimportant.Lastweek,Iwenttotheairport2.____________(meet)aninternationalstudent,TonyGarcia,fromColumbia.Afterahalfhour'swaiting,Igotsightofhimandquicklyapproachedtogreethim.Tomysurprise,hetouchedmyshoulderandkissedmeonthecheek.Ifeltso3.____________(embarrass)thatIsteppedbackandputupmyhands,asiftodefend4.____________(me).Iguessedthatthere5.____________(be)somemisunderstandingbetweenus.AsIgettoknowmoreforeignfriends,Ilearnthatnotallculturesgreeteachotherthesameway.Englishpeople,forexample,don't6.____________(usual)touchstrangerswhentheymeet.7.____________，peoplefromplaceslikeSpain,ItalyandSouthAmericancountriesgetclosetoothersandarelikelytotouchthem.8．____________thedevelopmentofsociety,internationalexchangesarebecomingmuch9.____________(frequent),soweshouldlearnaboutthedifferentcustomsandbehaveproperly10.____________meetinginternationalfriends.语篇解读：本文是一篇争论文。作者通过自身的经验论证了肢体语言的重要性。1．[解析]句意：一般来说，口头表达是沟通的主要方式。介词of后面可接名词或动名词作宾语，故填communication/communicating。[答案]communication/communicating2．[解析]空处作目的状语，故应填不定式形式。[答案]tomeet3．[解析]felt在此为系动词，其后接­ed形容词embarrassed作表语，embarrassed表示人自身的感受。[答案]embarrassed4．[解析]defendoneself“爱护自己，防卫”，故填myself。[答案]myself5．[解析]句意：我猜我们之间有一些误会。此处是在陈述过去发生的事，故应用一般过去时态；而主语为somemisunderstanding，故用was。[答案]was6．[解析]修饰动词touch应用副词，故填usually。[答案]usually7．[解析]此处表示转折关系，而且空格后有逗号，故用However。[答案]However8．[解析]随着社会的发展，国际沟通变得……“Withthedevelopmentofsociety”表示“随着社会的发展”。[答案]With9．[解析]国际沟通变得更加频繁。结合语境和空前的much可知，此处应用morefrequent。[答案]morefrequent10．[解析]此处用when/while接现在分词短语表示状语从句的省略。[答案]when/while训练二主观应用题板块训练——重语法，练规范(限时：45分钟)Ⅰ.语法填空MartinStrelswimswithaknife1.____________(fasten)tohisrightleg—incasehemeetssharksandotherdeadlysealifeintheworld'swildestwaters.The61­year­oldmarathonswimmerhasannouncedthe2.____________(tough)challengeofhislife:a10,000­mile­around­the­worldjourneyonwatertodrawpublicattentiontothe3.____________(increase)waterpollution.Heaims4.____________(circle)theglobeinabout450days,passingthroughoceans,rivers,canalsandotherbodiesofwaterinmorethan1005.____________(country).He'llswimabout5to12hourseachday,depending6.____________theweather.Aboatwillgowithhimandofferemergencysupportandspaceforsmallbreaks.Since2000,Strel7.____________(swim)theentirelengthoffiveriversinChina,America,etc.Strelwon'tbealoneinthewater.Hesayshewelcomeswhoeverisinterestedinjoining8.____________forpartsoftheroute,includingthePresidentoftheRepublicofSlovenia,BorutPahor,9.____________Strelsaysisafineswimmer.“We'llallbe10.____________(full)discussingecology—likehowtogetridofplasticsfromwater.”语篇解读：61岁的马拉松游泳运动员MartinStrel安排环球游一万英里，以此让公众更多地关注不断增长的水污染，同时他也欢迎对该活动感爱好的人加入他的游泳公益活动中。1．[解析]分析句子结构可知，fasten应用非谓语动词形式，且与所修饰的名词knife之间为被动关系，因此用fastened。[答案]fastened2．[解析]空前由the修饰，由语境可知，要用形容词最高级。[答案]toughest3．[解析]修饰名词waterpollution，表示递增的状态，因此填increasing。[答案]increasing4．[解析]动词aim后面要接不定式表示还没有发生的动作，表示将来。[答案]to