Unit5WorkingtheLand(人与社会农业耕作)（人教版2019选择性必修一）

选择性必修第一册Unit5WorkingtheLand（人教版2019）人与社会：农业耕作单元引言解读Mylifelongpursuitistokeepallthepeopleawayfromhunger.—YuanLongping释义：YuanLongping'sbiggestwishforriceresearchistostoppeoplestarvingaroundtheworld.启示：本单元引言“我毕生的梦想是让所有人远离饥饿”出自我国著名农业科学家袁隆平。引言不仅与单元主题相呼应，还反映了粮食生产与世界人民的饥饿问题密切相关。名言名句积累人与社会：农业耕作1．Foodisasfundamentaltomanasthepeoplearetothestate.—ChenShou国以民为本，民以食为天。——陈寿2．Foodbringspeopletogetheronmanydifferentlevels.It'snourishmentofthesoulandbody;it'strulylove.—GiadaDeLaurentiis食物在许多不同的层面上把人们聚集在一起，它是心灵和身体的养料，是真正的爱。——吉娅达·德·劳伦蒂斯3．Themoreyoueat,thelessflavor;thelessyoueat,themoreflavor.多吃少滋味，少吃多滋味。4．Peoplecan'tlivewithoutagricultureastheycan'tlivewithoutwater.人们离不开农业，就像离不开水。5．Weallknowwithoutfoodequalsnolives.Therefore,agricultureisgreatlyhelpfulforthelives.我们都知道没有食物就没有生命。因此，农业对生活有很大的帮助。6．Notonlyisfoodproductionimportantbuttakingcareoftheenvironmentisalsoimportant.不仅粮食生产重要，环保也很重要。7.However，whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至口粮严重短缺。8.Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaisprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan'shybridstrains，andhisstrainshaveallowedChina'sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。时文拓展阅读TwoWinWorldFoodPrizeforSecuringAgriculturalSeedsAbout20yearsago,CaryFowlerandGeoffreyHawtinwantedtopreventhungerandprotecttheworld'sfoodsupply.Thetwomenimaginedasocalled"doomsday

vault"forplantseeds.(Avaultisasecurestoragestructure.)FowlerandHawtin'sgoalwastokeepasupplyofseedssafeifexistingseedbankswerethreatenedbywar,climatechange,orothercrises.TheydecidedtobuildtheirstoragebuildingintothesideofamountainnorthoftheArcticCircle."Toalotofpeopletoday,itsoundslikeaperfectlyreasonablethingtodo,"FowlersaidfromSaudiArabiainaninterviewwiththeAssociatedPress.Seeds,headded,areavaluablenaturalresourcethatneedsprotection.ButFowlersaid:"Fifteenyearsago,shippingalotofseedstotheclosestplacetotheNorthPolethatyoucanflyinto(and)puttingtheminsideamountain..."didnotsoundreasonable.Inhiswords,itwas"...thecraziestideaanybodyeverhad."TheWorldFoodPrizeTheirideabecametheSvalbardGlobalSeedVaultontheNorwegianislandofSvalbard.Thevaultopenedin2008andnowholds1.25millionseed

samples

fromnearlyeverycountryintheworld.Thestructurewasbuiltintothesideofamountain.Itprotectstheseedsofover6,000kindsofagriculturallyimportantplants.

TheCropTrustwebsite

says:"Itspurposeistobackupgenebankcollectionstosecurethefoundationofourfuturefoodsupply."Lastweek,FowlerandHawtinwerenamedthe2024WorldFoodPrizewinnersfortheirwork.FowlerisnowtheU.S.specialdiplomatforglobalfoodsecurity.HawtinisanagriculturalscientistfromBritain.TheywerenamedthewinnersoftheyearlyprizeattheU.S.DepartmentofStateinWashington.SecretaryofStateAntonyBlinkenpraisedthemenattheannouncementfortheir"critical

rolein

preserving

crop

diversity."FearofclimatechangeFormanyyears,countrieshavecreatedseedbankstostoreseedsforfutureuse.ButFowlersaidhewasconcernedthatclimatechangewouldcausedisorderinagriculture.Thiswouldmaketheseedsupplyevenmoreimportant.HawtinisanexecutiveboardmemberattheGlobalCropDiversityTrust,aninternationalnonprofitgroup.Hesaidtherewerealotofthreatstocropsinthepast,suchasinsects,disease,land

degradation,

andpoliticalunrest.Hesaidthatclimatechangehasmadetheseproblemsworse.So,heandFowlersawaneedforadditionalsecureseedstorage.Hawtinexplainedthatclimatechangeischanging

pests

anddiseases.Headded,"Climatechangeisputtingawholelotofextraproblemsonwhathasalwaysbeen

significant

ones."FowlerandHawtinsaidtheyhopewinningtheWorldFoodPrizewillhelpthemraisemoremoneyforseedbanksaroundtheworld.Operatingthemisnottoocostly.However,thefinancialsupportneedstocontinueforever."Thisisreallyachancetogetthatmessageoutandsay,look,thisrelativelysmallamountofmoneyisour

insurancepolicy

ourinsurancepolicythatwe'regoingtobeabletofeedtheworldin50years,"Hawtinsaid.NormanBorlaugestablishedtheWorldFoodPrize.HereceivedtheNobelPeacePrizein1970forhispartinwhatiscalledthe"GreenRevolution."Thatwasabigefforttomakecropsmoreproductivesotheworld'sgrowingpopulationwouldnotgohungry.Thisfall,FowlerandHawtinwillaccepttheprizeinDesMoines,Iowa,thecitywherethefoodprizefoundationisbased.Theywillalsosplitthe$500,000award.Thisyear'sprizewillbepresentedattheyearlyNormanE.BorlaugInternationalDialogue.TheconferencewillbeheldinDesMoinesfromOctober29tothe31.【译文欣赏】两人因保护农业种子而获得世界粮食奖大约20年前，CaryFowler和GeoffreyHawtin希望防止饥饿，保护世界粮食供应。这两个人想象了一个所谓的植物种子“末日金库”。（保险库是一种安全的存储结构。）Fowler和Hawtin的目标是在现有种子库受到战争、气候变化或其他危机威胁的情况下，保证种子供应的安全。他们决定把储藏室建在北极圈以北的一座山上。福勒在沙特阿拉伯接受美联社采访时说：“对今天的很多人来说，这听起来是一件非常合理的事情。”。他补充说，种子是一种需要保护的宝贵自然资源。但福勒说：“十五年前，把很多种子运到离北极最近的地方，你可以飞进去（并）把它们放在山上……”听起来并不合理。用他的话说，这是“……有史以来最疯狂的想法。”世界粮食奖他们的想法变成了挪威斯瓦尔巴岛上的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库。该种子库于2008年开放，目前拥有来自世界上几乎每个国家的125万个种子样本。这座建筑建在山腰上。它保护着6000多种农业重要植物的种子。作物信托基金会网站上说：“其目的是备份基因库藏品，以确保我们未来粮食供应的基础。”上周，Fowler和Hawtin因他们的工作被评为2024年世界粮食奖获得者。Fowler现在是美国全球粮食安全特别外交官。霍廷是一位来自英国的农业科学家。他们被华盛顿美国国务院授予年度奖项。国务卿安东尼·布林肯在公告中赞扬了这些人“在保护作物多样性方面发挥的关键作用”对气候变化的恐惧多年来，各国建立了种子库来储存种子以备将来使用。但福勒表示，他担心气候变化会导致农业混乱。这将使种子供应变得更加重要。Hawtin是国际非营利组织全球作物多样性信托基金会的执行委员会成员。他说，过去农作物面临着许多威胁，如昆虫、疾病、土地退化和政治动荡。他说，气候变化使这些问题更加严重。因此，他和Fowler认为需要额外的安全种子储存。Hawtin解释说，气候变化正在改变病虫害。他补充道：“气候变化给那些一直很重要的问题带来了很多额外的问题。”Fowler和Hawtin表示，他们希望获得世界粮食奖将有助于他们为世界各地的种子库筹集更多资金。操作它们的成本不太高。然而，财政支持需要永远持续下去。Hawtin说：“这真的是一个机会，可以传达这一信息，说，看，这笔相对较少的钱是我们的保险单——我们的保险政策，我们将能够在50年内养活世界。”。诺曼·博洛格设立了世界粮食奖。1970年，他因参与所谓的“绿色革命”而获得诺贝尔和平奖。这是一项使作物更具生产力的巨大努力，这样世界上不断增长的人口就不会挨饿。今年秋天，Fowler和Hawtin将在食品奖基金会所在的爱荷华州得梅因市接受该奖项。他们还将平分50万美元的奖金。今年的奖项将在一年一度的诺曼·E·博洛格国际对话上颁发。会议将于10月29日至31日在得梅因举行。【词汇积累】doomsday

–n.

theendoftheworldorjudgementday最后的审判日；世界末日sample

–n.

asmallamountofsomethingtakenforscientificstudy样本critical

–adj.

veryimportant关键的diversity

–n.

havingmanydifferentkindsofthings多样性degradation

–n.

theconditionofbreakingdownanddecreasinginquality退化significant

–adj.

notableorworthdiscussing值得注意的或值得讨论的insurancepolicy

–n.

acontractwithaninsurancepanythatpromisestopaytheholderorpeoplenamedbytheholderacertainamountifthereisalossofthecoveredpropertybythecontract保险单【知识拓展】世界粮食奖，国际上在农业领域方面的最高荣誉，是由诺贝尔和平奖获得者美国人诺曼·博洛格博士1986年设立，每年由总部在美国艾奥瓦州得梅因市的世界粮食奖基金会颁发一次，目的是奖励那些"为人类提供营养丰富、数量充足的粮食作出突出贡献的个人"，得奖者可获得250,000美元。中国科学家何康、袁隆平、崔振岭先后获此殊荣。【词汇延伸】foodsupply食品供应食物供应食品供给菜篮子storagestructure存储结构储存结构数据存储结构climatechange气候变化ArcticCircle北极圈SaudiArabia沙特阿拉伯AssociatedPress美联社联合通讯社综合实战演练（一）（2024·全国·高考真题）Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicroFarm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpreseededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingleuseplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.1．WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?A．Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood. B．Itrequiresdaytodaycare.C．Itcutsthefarmtotabledistance. D．Itreliesonfarmer’smarkets.2．Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?A．Realtimeweatherchanges. B．Currentconditionoftheplants.C．Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil. D．Availabilityofpreseededpods.3．WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A．Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B．Theyaredevotedtomunityservice.C．Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.D．Theyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.4．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．BMF’smajorstrengths. B．BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C．BMF’sglobalinfluence. D．BMF’stechnicalstandards.【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicroFarm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.(此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingleuseplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicroFarm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.(虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.(通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingleuseplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.(BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。命题要点简析阅读理解首先要做到的就是掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，它是全文的概括和总结。能否抓住这个中心，取决于读者的总结能力。主旨大意题通常涉及概括文章或者段落大意，揭示主题，选择标题等形式。主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度的概括和总结。主旨大意题包括文章主旨题、段落大意题和标题归纳题。每篇文章都有一个主旨大意。主旨大意题对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。文章主旨大意一般有四种呈现形式：文首、文中、文尾、不明确给出(需要总结)。做这种题要通读文章，重点把握首末段、首末句；作者反复强调的观点或文章中多次出现的词句通常是主旨；注意文中therefore,thus,but,however,inshort,tosumup等表达转折或总结的词语。题型特征总览主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解,

它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下,

对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象,

既考查细节理解能力,

又考查深层次的推理、概括能力,

难度较大。（一）命题方式把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式:1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?/Whatisthetopicofthetext?2.Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainthemeofthispassageis

__________.

3.Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison

__________.

4.Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?5.What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?7.Thepassagemainlyfocuseson

__________.

（二）解答技巧题型特点解题技巧主题类(内容)考查文章或段落的主旨大意找主题句四窍门:(1)段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however,but,

infact,

actually等)时,

该句很可能是主题句。(2)首段出现疑问句时,

对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(3)作者有意识地重复的观点,

通常是主旨;

反复出现的词语,

一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(4)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,

conclude,conclusion等词。标题类要求考生选出文章的最佳标题文章标题三特点:(1)形式一般为单词、短语或句子,

短语居多;(2)短小精悍,

精确性强;(3)涵盖性强,

能覆盖全文大意。Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’sMoreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissionsfromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.havingasysteminthesamebuilding为动名词短语作主语，whereit’seaten引导定语从句，修饰先行词building，means为句子谓语。翻译：此外，在同一楼内的这一系统（从种植到食用）意味着蔬菜从土壤到沙拉过程中的零排放。additional

adj.附加的；额外的；外加的→additionally

adv.此外；另外additional

adj.附加的；额外的；外加的→additionally

adv.此外；另外innovate

v.创新，革新→innovative

adj.革新的，创新的rely

v.依赖，依靠；信任，信赖→reliable

adj.可信赖的，可靠的，真实可信的specific

adj.特定的，特有的；具体的，明确的→specifically

adv.特别地，专门地；具体来说，确切地说grow

v.生长；成长；逐渐变得；增长；种植→growth

n.发育，生长；增长，发展emit

v.发出，射出，散发→emission

n.排放物，散发物；（光、热、气等的）发出，射出add

v.增加→addition

n.增加，添加；添加物；加，加法tradition

n.传统，风俗→traditional

adj.传统的surround

v.包围，环绕，围绕→surrounding

adj.周围的，附近的sustainable

adj.可持续的→sustainability

n.可持续性recycle

v.（使）再循环，回收利用；再次应用→recycling

n.回收利用reduce

v.减少，缩小，减少（程度、重要性等）→reduction

n.减少，缩小，降低passion

n.强烈情感，激情；酷爱→passionate

adj.具有强烈信念的；热爱的，酷爱的employ

v.雇用，聘请；运用，使用→employee

n.受雇者，雇工，雇员全文翻译我们都知道食物新鲜是最好的。然而，商店里的大多数产品在到达餐桌之前都要经过数周的旅行和数百英里的运输。尽管农民市场是减少这种旅行的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了这个距离。

BMF是一种室内花园系统。它可以为家庭设置。此外，它还可以为更大的受众服务，如医院、餐馆或学校。这种创新的设计几乎不需要什么努力就能实现可靠的每周新鲜绿叶蔬菜供应。具体来说，它是一个依赖新技术的农场。通过云连接，BMF可以远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序，提供实时生长数据。由于系统是自动化的，它显著减少了种植植物所需的水量。系统不是灌溉整排土壤，而是为每株植物提供恰到好处的水量。收获后，用户只需用新的预播种容器替换植物，就可以开始下一个生长周期。此外，在食用植物的同一建筑内拥有系统意味着从土壤到沙拉的运输过程中零排放。

此外，也不需要使用农药和其他污染传统农场及其周围环境的化学物质。

BMF的员工在日常生活中实践可持续性。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室内，他们通过限制垃圾桶数量和避免使用一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少废物。"我们热衷于减少我们环境中的废物、碳和化学物质，"一位BMF员工说。（二）（2024·全国·校联考一模）Everyyear,asthesurfacewatertemperatureofftheUnitedStatesmidAtlanticcoastrisessteadilyfromlatespringthroughthesummer,apocketofuncharacteristicallycoolandcrispwatergetstrappedatthebottomoftheocean.Packedwithnutrientsthisthickbandofcoldwater,knownasthemidAtlanticcoldpool,isavitalhomeforshellfishspecies.ExtendingatitsseasonalpeakfromNantucket,Massachusetts,toCapeHatteras,NorthCarolina,thecoldpollcreatesadiverseecosystemrangingfromalgae(海藻)tofish—andsomeofthemostvaluableshellfishfisheriesintheUnitedStates.Now,however,twopressureshavescientistsworryingaboutwhetherthecoldpoolwilllast.Thefirstisnosurprise:climatechange.Overthepastfivedecades,climateschangehasdestabilizedthecoldpool,causingittowarmandshrink.paredwith1968,thecoldpoolisnow13℃warmerandhaslostmorethanonethirdofitsarea.Thesecondconcernis1esscertain.In2023,theUSfederalgovernmentapprovedplanstoinstall(安装)98windturbines(涡轮机)offtheNewJerseycoast,coveringanareaofmorethan300squarekilometers.Yetputtingsomanyturbinestotheseafloorcouldhaveunexpectedconsequencesforthecoldpool.That’swhyTravisMiles,aresearcheratNewJersey’sRutgersUniversity,andhiscolleaguesareinvestigating.Sofar,Milesandhiscolleaguescan’tdefinitivelysaywhatwillhappentothecoldpool,sayingmoreresearchisneededtoassesshowclimatechangeandoffshorewind,together,couldaffectthecoldpool.However,theirinitialanalysessuggestthecoldpoolshouldbefine—atleastinnormalconditions.NewJersey’soffshorewindplansarestronglyopposedmainlybyfossilfuelindustryfundedefforts.Milesworriesthatanoverabundanceofcautionorfearofpotentialimpacts,includingonthecoldpool,mightslowdownthedevelopmentofrenewableenergy.“...it’squiteclearthatclimatechangeisfarmoredamagingthaninstallingwindfarms,”hesays.“Idon’tthinkanyscientistwouldarguewiththat.”5．WhatdoweknowaboutthemidAtlanticcoldpool?A．Itformsinearlyspring. B．It’sabandofcoldnearbottomwater.C．Itservesasahabitatofmostseaspecies. D．ItextendsfromNantuckettoNewJersey.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shrink”inparagraph2mean?A．Breakdown. B．Getpolluted. C．Dryup. D．Beesmaller.7．Miles’attitudetowardinstallingwindfarmscanbedescribedas______.A．supportive B．dismissive C．overcautious D．skeptical8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheColdPoolPlaysaRoleonspeciesB．OpinionsDivideonOffshoreWindFarmsC．ScientistsEyePotentialRiskstotheColdPoolD．RenewableEnergyHelpstoRaceAgainstClimateChange【答案】5．B6．D7．A8．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述科学家们关心可能对冷池造成影响的两个因素。5．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Everyyear,asthesurfacewatertemperatureofftheUnitedStatesmidAtlanticcoastrisessteadilyfromlatespringthroughthesummer,apocketofuncharacteristicallycoolandcrispwatergetstrappedatthebottomoftheocean.Packedwithnutrientsthisthickbandofcoldwater,knownasthemidAtlanticcoldpool,isavitalhomeforshellfishspecies.(每年，随着美国大西洋中部海岸的地表水温度从春末到夏季稳步上升，一团异常凉爽、清脆的水被困在海底。这条被称为大西洋中部冷池的厚冷水带富含营养，是贝类物种的重要家园。)”可知，大西洋中部冷池指的是是一条接近海底的冷水带。故选B项。6．词句猜测题。由文章第二段“Overthepastfivedecades,climateschangehasdestabilizedthecoldpool,causingittowarmandshrink.paredwith1968,thecoldpoolisnow13℃warmerandhaslostmorethanonethirdofitsarea.(在过去的五十年里，气候变化破坏了冷池的稳定，导致其变暖和。与1968年相比，现在冷池温度上升了13摄氏度，面积减少了三分之一以上。)”可知，冷池的面积减少了三分之一以上，所以这里shrink应表示“缩小”的意思。故选D项。7．推理判断题。由文章第四段“Milesworriesthatanoverabundanceofcautionorfearofpotentialimpacts,includingonthecoldpool,mightslowdownthedevelopmentofrenewableenergy.(Miles担心，过于谨慎或担心潜在影响，包括对冷池的影响，可能会减缓可再生能源的发展。)”和“it’squiteclearthatclimatechangeisfarmoredamagingthaninstallingwindfarms(很明显，气候变化的破坏性远大于安装风电场)”可知，Miles是赞成安装风电场的。故选A项。8．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Now,however,twopressureshavescientistsworryingaboutwhetherthecoldpoolwilllast.Thefirstisnosurprise:climatechange.Overthepastfivedecades,climateschangehasdestabilizedthecoldpool,causingittowarmandshrink.paredwith1968,thecoldpoolisnow13℃warmerandhaslostmorethanonethirdofitsarea.(然而，现在，两种压力让科学家们担心冷池是否会持续下去。第一点并不奇怪：气候变化。在过去的五十年里，气候变化破坏了冷池的稳定，导致其变暖和萎缩。与1968年相比，现在冷池温度上升了13摄氏度，面积减少了三分之一以上。)”以及下文可知，文章主要讲述科学家们关心可能对冷池造成影响的两个因素。所以C项ScientistsEyePotentialRiskstotheColdPool(科学家关注冷池的潜在风险)符合语境。故选C项。（三）（2023·广东广州·广州市协和中学校考一模）WhatmightbetheglobalimpactofextremelossesoftheAmazonrainforest—theworld’slargestrainforest?AnewstudyhasfoundthatrapiddeforestationoftheAmazonrainforestcouldinfluencethetemperatureandrainfalloverasfarawayastheTibetanplateauandAntarctica.SainiYangatBeijingNormalUniversityinChinaandhercolleaguesanalysedglobalclimatologicaldatafrom1979to2019toidentifycorrelationsintemperatureandrainfallbetweentheAmazonrainforestandotherareas.Suchlinksarecalled“teleconnections(遥相关)”.TheyfocusedontheAmazonrainforestinparticularbecauseofitssignificanceasamajorcarbonsinkandasaclimatic“tippingpoint(临界点)”thatcouldseeforeststurntotropicalgrasslandsbeyondacertainlimitofwarmingandhumandrivendeforestation.Theresearchersfoundthatsince1979,warmtemperaturesintheAmazonwasassociatedwithwarmtemperaturesovertheTibetanplateauandtheWestAntarcticicesheet;morerainfallintheAmazonwasrelevanttolessrainfallinthoseregions.ByanalysingchangingtemperaturesintheregionsbetweentheAmazonandthosedistantareas,theywerealsoabletotracethepaththroughwhichenergyormaterialssuchasblackcarbonreleasedinforestfiremightpropagatethroughtheatmosphere.Theiranalysisshowedtherouteremainedconsistentunderdifferentfuturewarmingcircumstances.ThecollapseoftheWestAntarcticicesheetisaknowntippingpoint.MeltingsnowontheTibetanplateauisnot,buttheregioniswarmingmorerapidlythanmuchoftherestoftheglobe,andchangestosnowandicetherecouldhaveconsequencesforecosystemsandthebillionsofpeoplethatrelyonitssnowmeltforwater.“IftheAmazondoeshaveaninfluenceontheseregions,itcouldmeanthereisahigherrisktheAmazontippingpointmightsetothersoff”,saysJothanatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchinGermany.“Itaddsanadditionalpotentialdominothatcanfall.”9．Howdidthestudyidentifyteleconnections?A．Byrecordingtemperatureandrainfall.B．Byfindingthesimilaritiesbetweenregions.C．Byexaminingpreviousdataonglobalclimate.D．ByanalysingclimatologicaldataoftheAmazon.10．Theunderlinedword“propagate”inparagraph5probablymeans“________”.A．spread B．absorb C．launch D．switch11．WhatJothansuggestsabouttheAmazon?A．Itisnowatahigherriskofdisappearing.B．Itindeedhasaneffectonthetworegions.C．Deforestationiscausedbyhumanactivities.D．Thetippingpointmightcauseachainreaction.12．Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．ChangeswithintheAmazon.B．TheAmazonatatippingpoint.C．TheTibetanplateauandAntarctica.D．GlobalimpactsoftheAmazondeforestation.【答案】9．C10．A11．D12．D【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了一项新的研究发现，亚马逊雨林的快速砍伐可能会影响远至青藏高原和南极洲的温度和降雨。9．推理判断题。根据第二段“SainiYangatBeijingNormalUniversityinChinaandhercolleaguesanalysedglobalclimatologicaldatafrom1979to2019toidentifycorrelationsintemperatureandrainfallbetweentheAmazonrainforestandotherareas.Suchlinksarecalled‘teleconnections(遥相关)’.（中国北京师范大学的SainiYang和她的同事分析了1979年至2019年的全球气候数据，以确定亚马逊雨林与其他地区之间的温度和降雨量之间的相关性。这种连接被称为‘远距连接’）”可知，该研究是通过检查先前的全球气候数据来确定远程联系的，故选C。10．词义猜测题。根据第五段“ByanalysingchangingtemperaturesintheregionsbetweentheAmazonandthosedistantareas,theywerealsoabletotracethepaththroughwhichenergyormaterialssuchasblackcarbonreleasedinforestfiremightpropagatethroughtheatmosphere.Theiranalysisshowedtherouteremainedconsistentunderdifferentfuturewarmingcircumstances.（通过分析亚马逊地区和那些遥远地区之间的温度变化，他们还能够追踪森林火灾释放的能量或物质(如黑碳)在大气中propagate的途径。他们的分析表明，在未来不同的变暖环境下，这条路线保持一致。）”可知，森林火灾会释放能量或物质，在大气中传播。划线词是spread“扩散”的意思，故选A。11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘IftheAmazondoeshaveaninfluenceontheseregions,itcouldmeanthereisahigherrisktheAmazontippingpointmightsetothersoff’,saysJothanatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchinGermany.‘Itaddsanadditionalpotentialdominothatcanfall.’（德国波茨坦气候影响研究所的约翰说:“如果亚马逊确实对这些地区有影响，这可能意味着亚马逊临界点引发其他地区爆发的风险更高。这又增加了一块可能倒下的多米诺骨牌。”）”可知，约翰认为亚马逊的临界点可能会引起连锁反应，故选D。12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“WhatmightbetheglobalimpactofextremelossesoftheAmazonrainforest—theworld’slargestrainforest?

AnewstudyhasfoundthatrapiddeforestationoftheAmazonrainforestcouldinfluencethetemperatureandrainfalloverasfarawayastheTibetanplateauandAntarctica.（世界上最大的热带雨林——亚马逊雨林的极端损失可能会对全球产生什么影响?一项新的研究发现，亚马逊雨林的快速砍伐可能会影响远至青藏高原和南极洲的温度和降雨。）”以及下文的分析解释可知，本文主要讲述了亚马逊森林砍伐对全球的影响。D选项符合最佳标题，故选D。（四）（2324高二上·浙江·单元测试）“Eatlocal.”It'sonewaytoreducehumaneffectontheplanet.Eatinglocalmeanstotrytobuyandconsumefoodsthataregrowninplacesclosetohome.However,mostofthefoodsoldatsupermarketsisnotlocallygrownorproduced.Trucksandplanesdeliverthesefoodsfromhundredsorthousandsofmilesaway.Duringthetransportation,greenhouse(温室)gasesareproduced,causingglobalwarming.Sotheshorterthedistanceyourfoodsmusttravel,thelessharmisdonetotheenvironment.Buthowdoyougetlocalfoodifyouliveinalargecity,hundredsofmilesawayfromfarms?EnvironmentalhealthscientistDicksonDespommierandhisstudentscameupwiththeideaofa“vertical(垂直的)farm”.Averticalfarmisaglasswalledstructurethatcouldbebuiltastallasaskyscraper(摩天大楼).Sincethegardenisbuiltupwards,ratherthanoutwards,itrequiresmuchlessspacethananordinaryfarm.Theworldisquicklyrunningoutofroomforordinaryfarming.Verticalfarmscouldbeakeytothissituation.Despommierimaginesa30storeybuildingwithagreenhouseoneveryfloor.Thewallsofthebuildingwouldbecleartoallowcropstogetasmuchsunlightaspossible.Dependingonacity'swaterresources,Despommierthinkshydroponic(水培的)farmingisanothermethodfortheverticalfarmwhichneedsnosoiltogrowplants.Despommiersaysthehydroponicgreenhouseswoulduseasystemthatwoulduseacity'swastewaterandfillitwithnutritiontomakethecropsgrow.Ifthismethodworks,itwouldprovidefoodtoacityandsavemillionsoftonsofwater.Theideaofaverticalfarmhasattractedtheattentionofgovernmentofficialsaroundtheworld.ScottStringer,agovernmentofficialfromNewYorkCity,thinksthecityissuitablefortheverticalfarming.“Obviouslywedon'thavemuchlandleftforus,”Stringersaid.“ButtheskyisthelimitinManhattan.”Despommieradmitsthatthereisstillalotofworktodotomakeverticalfarmsareality.“ButIthinkverticalfarmingisanideathatcanworkinabigway,”hesays.13．Whyarepeopleadvisedtoeatlocal?A．Becauseitmeansconveniencetopeople. B．Becauseitcanhelppeoplesavealotofmoney.C．Becauselocalfoodhasmorenutrition. D．Becauseitisenvironmentallyfriendly.14．Whichisoneoftheverticalfarm'sbenefitswhenparedwithordinaryfarming?A．Itproduceshealthierfood. B．Itdoeslessharmtothecities.C．Itneedsmorespaceofthecity. D．Itrequireslesstransportcosts.15．Bysaying“theskyisthelimitinManhattan”,Stringermeans________.A．peoplecanmakefulluseofverticalspaceofManhattanB．thereisalimitforusingemptylandinManhattanC．theheightofbuildingsinManhattanislimitedD．Manhattancanspreadasfaraspossible16．Whatcanwelearnabouttheverticalfarminginthepassage?A．Nosoilisneededtogrowplantsonaverticalfarm.B．Ithassolvedtheproblemofthefoodshortageinabigway.C．Thewallsofthebuildingwouldbecleartoletpeopleseetheplantsclearly.D．Cropsaremainlygrownintherainwateronaverticalfarm.【答案】13．D14．B15．A16．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章介绍了人们吃当地的食物，因为对环境有好处。13．细节理解题。