大学英语教案

UnitOneCaringforOurEarth

I.教学目标Objectives

Studentswillbeableto:

1.understandthemainidea(Educationisnotanend,butameanstoanend.

Educationshouldbevariousbecauselifeisvaried.);

2.graspthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;

3.offercomprehensivelistening,reading,speakingandwritingexercises.

IL课时安排TimeAHotment

lslperiod:Pre-reading(Warm-upPractice;GlobalReading)

2ndperiod:While-reading(ContentQuestions;Languagepoints)

3period:While-readingandPost-reading(Languagepoints;UsingLanguageI)

4thperiod:Post-reading(UsingLanguageII;Activity)

III.教学内容及过程TasksandProcess

Pre-readingtasks

・・・Warm-uppractice:

Treadsthestudentsthefollowingpassage,andthenraisessomequestionsforthe

studentstoanswer.

SchoolsandEducation

Lifeinthetwentiethcenturydemandspreparation.Today,allindividualsina

countrymusthavesomeschoolingtopreparethemfortheirresponsibilitiesascitizens.

Withthisinmind,nationalleaderseverywhereareplacingmoreemphasisonthe

educationoftheyoung.

IntheUnitedStates,governmentofficials,parents,andteachersareworkinghard

togivethechildren-tomorrow'sdecisionmakers-thebesteducation.

ThereisnonationalschoolpolicyintheUnitedStates.Eachstatemakesitsown

rulesandregulationsforitsschools,buttherearemanysimilaritiesamongthem.

Publicschoolsinallstatesaresupportedbytaxespaidbythecitizensofthe

individualstate.

Whentheyaresixyearsold,childrenbeginelementaryschool.Aftersixyearsin

elementaryschool,theygointojuniorhighschoolandremainthereforthreeyears.

Thelastthreeyearsoftheirpublicschooleducationarespentinseniorhighschool,

fromwhichtheygraduateattheageofeighteen.

Agreatnumberofhighschoolgraduatescontinuetheireducationinoneofthe

manycollegesoruniversitiesinthecountry.Afterfouryears,theyreceivea

bachelor'sdegree.Somecontinuestudyingforamaster'sdegreeandperhapsa

doctoraldegree.

-Whyarenationalleaderseverywhereplacingmoreemphasisontheeducationof

theyoung?

(Becauselifeinthetwentiethcenturydemandspreparation.Allindividualsina

countrymusthavesomeschoolingtopreparethemfbrtheirresponsibilitiesas

citizens.)

--Whendochildrengointojuniorhighschool?

(Theygointojuniorhighschoolaftersixyearsinelementaryschool.)

—Whatdomosthighschoolgraduatesdoaftertheygraduatefromseniorhigh

school?

(Theycontinuetheireducationinoneofthemanycollegesoruniversitiesinthe

country.)

-Globalreading

SkimmingforMainIdea:

Ssskimthetextandcomeupwiththemainideaofit.(Educationisnotanend,buta

meanstoanend.Educationshouldbevariousbecauselifeisvaried.)

While-readingtasks

Contentquestions

Tmayrefertothosequestionsonpage8ofthetextbooktocheckonthestudents9

globalunderstandingofthetext

一Languagepoints

1.end:purpose,aim

Examples:Shesparednoeffortstowinherend.

Hewantstobuyahouse,andissavingmoneytothatend.

他想买一幢房子，并且正为此攒钱呢。

gain(win,achieve)one'send(s)

for(to)thisend

2.means(oftentreatedassingular):method,way,bywhicharesultmaybe

obtained

Examples:You'dbettertryeverypossiblemeanstogetthejobdone.

Thoughtsareexpectedbymeansofwords.

3.fit:make(sb.)suitableorcompetent(forsth.,todoortobesth.)

Examples:Theyoungmantriedhisbesttofithimselfforhisnewduties.

Canwemakethepunishmentfitthecrime?

4.assoonas一・・,就...

Examples:Heleftforhomeyesterdayassoonashereceivedtheletter.

AssoonasIsawhimItoldhimthenews.

5.asaresult(of)作为(...)的结果

Examples:Asaresultofhiscarelessness,hefailedinthefinalexamination.

Helostonelegasaresultofthatcaraccident.

6.none:notany;noone

Examples:Noneofthesebooksis(are)mine.

Itisnoneofyourbusiness.

Noneofusare(is)afraidofdifficulties.

7.ashamedadj.(predicativeonly):feelingshame

Examples:Youshouldbeashamedofyourself.

Hewasashamedtoaskforhelp.

Hefeltashamedthathehaddonesolittle.

8.ontheotherhandalso,ontheonehand,...(and/but)ontheotherhand,...:to

indicatecontrastedopinions,viewpoints,etc.

Examples:Thepriceislow;butontheotherhand,thequalityispoor.

OntheonehandIhavetowork,ontheotherhandIhavetostudy.

9.besuited(for,to):befitted,havetherightqualities

Examples:Westerndemocracyisnotnecessarilysuitedto(for)China.

Jackandhiswifeseemwellsuitedtooneanother.

10.lookdownuponsb.(sth.):despise;consideroneselfmoreimportantthan

Examples:Wedon'tlikehimbecausehealwayslooksdownuponus.

Intellectualsshouldneverlookdownuponfarmers.

11.know-how:knowledgeofhowtodosth.

Examples:Alljobsarenecessarytosociety,sowemustmasterallthenecessary

know-howtodoourjobswell.

Heneverhesitatestopasshistechnicalknow-howtoothers.

12.so+aux.V.+(pro)noun,meaning"also”

Examples:YouaresoyoungandsoamI.

TomspeaksFrenchandsodoeshisbrother.

JohnhasreadthatbookandsohasMary.

13.Itis+adj.+todo

Examples:ItisnecessarytostudyEnglishwell.

Itwasinterestingtohearhimtalkabouthislifeatuniversity.

14.nomatterwhether(who,what,how,where,etc.)不论是否(何人,何物，如何，

何处等)

Examples:Nomatterwhathedays,Idonotbelievehim.

Youshouldliveinthecountryside,nomatterwhere.

15.whether...or...不管…还是；是…还是

Examples:Whethermanorwoman,youngorold,allhavetolearn.

Whetheryoulikeitornot,youwillhavetodoit.

Post・readingtasks

--Sshaveadiscussiononsomebasicsentencepatternsandpracticebymakingup

somesentences.

…Sshaveadictation.

•一Tchecksifstudentshavedonetherestoftheafter-textexercisesintheirsparetime,

discusssomeproblemsiftheyhave.

IV.练习/讨论Exercises/Discussion

UsingLanguage

■一Usefulexpressions

PuttheChineseexpressionsintoEnglish:

1.必要的技能2.服务人员

3.社会问题4.保持低水平

5.我们的目的6.大学学位

(1.thenecessaryknow-how2.servicepeople3.theproblemsofsociety/the

socialproblems4.remainlow5.ourpurpose6.universitydegree)

—Sentencemaking

Makesentenceswiththefollowing:

1.shouldunderstandthat,veryimportant,apropersystemofeducation,we,itis,

tochoose

2.achance,atuniversities,everyone,tostudy,has

3.workwithone'shands,itisbad,tolookdownupon

4.tomast,todothejobs,well,allmustbeeducated,allthenecessaryknow-how

—Verbpatterns

PuttheChineseintoEnglish,usingVerbpatterns(1-4):

1.乞丐比以前更穷了。

(Thebeggarisevenpoorerthanbefore.)

2.她看起来比过去漂亮多了。

(Shelooksmuchmorebeautifulthanbefore.

3.他的梦想实现了。

(Hisdreamhascometrue.)

4.我们现在就走吗？

(Shallwegorightnow?)

Activity

Workwithapartner.Askyourpartnerwhatheorshewantstodoafterage65.

startanewjobworkonhobbiesplaysports

travellivesomewherespecialbefamous

Shareanswerswithyourclassmates.Domanystudentshavethesameanswer?

V作业Assignments：

•一RecitethelastparagraphofLesson1.

TranslatetheChinesesentencesintoEnglish:

1.换句话说，他是个傻瓜。

(Inotherwords,heisafool.)

2.你只要想一下就会明白这一点。

(Youhaveonlytothinkamomenttounderstandit.)

3.我告诉他无论发生什么情况都不要同他打架。

(Itoldhimnottofightwiththemnomatterwhathappened.)

4.在一些先进的国家仍然有许多社会性的问题。

(Insomecountrieswithadvancedindustries,therearestillanumberofsocial

problems.)

PreviewLesson2.

CourseSchedule

Aims:

1.DevelopingSs'abilityofindependentlearningtobeautomaticlearners.

2.EnhancingSs'abilityinusingEnglish:improvingSs'fivemicro-skills—listening,

speaking,reading,writing,translation-especiallylisteningandspeakingsothatthey

cancommunicateinspokenandwrittenEnglish.

Requiredcoursematerials:

1.CollegeEnglish(Book1)

—IntegratedCurse,ListeningandSpeakingCourse,ReadingCourse

Note:ReadingCoursebookisusedasSs'self-accessmaterial.

2.OneDictionary:

TeachingandLearning:

1.KeepinmindthatitisYOUwhohavetostudytoimproveyourEnglish.Ifyoudonotstudy

byyourself,thereisnouseincomingtoclass.Inotherwords,justlisteningtotheteacherand

otherstudentsinclassdoesnothelpyouimproveyourEnglish.

2.Bewellpreparedwhenyoucometoclass.Itisofgreatimportanceforyoutopreviewthe

coursematerialsbeforeclassaccordingtothecourseschedule.Ifnot,you'llfinditvery

difficulttofollowtheclass.

3.Classparticipationisvital.Youshouldactivelyjoininpairworkorgroupdiscussionanddo

oralpresentationbeforeclass.

4.Itisimportanttoturninanyassignmentsbytheduedate.Ifyouknowthatyouhavea

circumstancewhichwillmakesitimpossibleforyoutoturninyourassignmentbythedue

date,youcanandshouldcometoconsultwithmeaboutyourproblembeforehand.

5.Youressaysshouldbedoneinaloose-leafnotebooksoastohandinyourassignmentsbya

loosepaper.

6.Sinceattendance/absenceispartofevaluation,keepinmindthatyourabsencewillreduce

yourevaluation.

UsefulEnglishLearningResources:

Magazines:EnglishLanguageLearning,CollegeEnglish,EnglishSalon,EnglishWeekly,The

worldofEnglish,EnglishDigest,OverseasEnglish

Newspaper:21"Century,ChinaDaily

Websites:（英语比萨园地）；（听力快车）;

（普特英语听力）；（英文写作网）;

（旺旺英语）；（中国日报）;

http://www.guardian.co.uk（英国卫报）（华盛顿邮报）

Unit1WritingForMyself

1.教学目标及基本要求：

Objectives:

Studentswillbeableto:

1）graspthemainidea（theessenceofwritingistowritewhatoneenjoyswriting）andstructure

ofthetext（narrationinchronologicalsequence）;

2）appreciatethenarrativeskillsdemonstratedinthetext（selectionofdetails,repetitionandthe

useofsynonyms.）

3）masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;

4）conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeof

theunit.

2.教学内容及学时分配：

Timeallotment:

1stperiod:pre-reading;textorganization

2ndperiod:while-reading

3rdperiod:post-readingactivities

4thperiod:readingpractice

5thperiod:speaking

6thperiod:writing

3.教学重点及难点：

Importantlanguagepointsinthetext:

4.教学内容的深化及拓宽：

Studentsconductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingpracticetodeepentheir

understandingofthepointstaughtinclass.

5.教学方式及在教学中应注意的问题：

Acombinationoftraditionalteachingmethodswiththecommunicativeapproachwillbeadopted.

Specialattentionshouldbepaidtoclassroominteraction.Givestudentstimetoadapttothenew

teachingmodeintheuniversitythatarequitedifferentfromtheonetheywereusedtointhe

middleschool.Moreencouragementisneededandmoreguidancewillbegiventothemintheir

extracurricularstudy.

6.主要参考书目：

季佩英，吴晓真，2001,《全新版大学英语综合教程1一教师用书》。上海：上海外语教育出版社。

柯彦玲，张砚秋，2002,《全新版大学英语阅读教程1一教师用书》。上海：上海外语教育出版社。

朱万忠，2002,《大学英语阅读进阶1》。重庆：重庆大学出版社。

7.思考题和习题：

《全新版大学英语综合教程1》第一单元TextA后的所有习题。

阅读第一单元TextB,完成后面的相关练习。

《全新版大学英语阅读教程1》第一单元及相关练习。

《大学英语阅读进阶》第一单元及相关练习

WritingAssignment

1stPeriod:

Pre-readingTasks:

1)Studentslistentotherecordinganddothepre-readingtaskonpage2oftheirbook.(15

minutes)

2)Warm-upQuestions(10minutes)

Studentsarerequiredtoscanthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions:

a)Supposeyouwerethewriter,wouldyouenjoywriting'TheArtofEatingSpaghetti/

noodles"?Why/Whynot?

b)Whydoestheauthorenjoywritingthis?Inwhichparagraphliestheanswer?

c)Lookatthetitleandfindoutinwhichparagraphasimilarphraseappears.Readthis

paragraphandexplaininyourownwordswhattheauthormeansbysaying“writefor

myself.^^

3)Mainideaandtextorganization(10minutes)

Pleasegothroughthewholetextwithin3minutesandcircleallthetimewords,phrasesand

clauses,andthenanswerthefollowingquestions:

a)Fromwhichpointondoestheauthorstarttalkingabouthisnewexperience?

b)Wheredoeshestopwritingaboutthisnewexperience?

DoTextOrganizationExerciseonP.9.

4)Textanalysis(10minutes)

Selectionofdetails:theauthorisverygoodatselectingdetailstoprovehispoint.Buthow?

Pleasethinkaboutthefollowingquestions.

a)Whatdetailsareselectedtoshow'TdbeenboredwitheverythingassociatedwithEnglish

courses”?

b)WhatdetailsaregiventoshowthatMr.Fleaglewasdullandrigid?

c)Bywhichsentencesdoestheauthormanagetogiveustheimpressionthathisessaywasvery

good?

2ndPeriod

1)TextAnalysis

Repetition:Pleasethinkaboutthefollowingquestions:(7minutes)

a)Howmany"prim”or"primly“doestheauthoruseinpara.2?

b)Howmany“Iwanted“arethereinpara.5?

c)What'stheuseofrepetition?

Synonymouswords&phrases:(8minutes)

Theauthorisalsoverygoodatavoidingrepetitionbyemployingsynonymouswordsandphrases.

Pleaselookforsynonymsofthefollowingwordsandphrases.

1)tedious2)write3)anticipate4)prim5)recall

6)recapture7)delight8)contempt9)topic

2)Languagepoints(30minutes)

Theteacherexplainsthefollowinglanguagepointstothestudents:

Offandon;takehold;bore;turnout(turnup;turndown;turnover;turnin;turnaway);

bore;anticipate;rigid;severe;tackle;faceupto;scan;recall;violate;holdback;

avoid;career;inspire;associate,(seethecoursewareofUnit1)

3rdPeriod

Post-readingTasks

1)Studentsarerequiredtodiscussthefollowingquestionsinpairs:(15minutes)

AccordingtoMr.Fleagle,whatistheveryessenceoftheessay?

Whattenseshouldyouusetodescribeamemorableincident?

2)Translation:Theteacherguidesthestudentsthroughthetranslationoftheusefulexpressions

intheCDROM.(15minutes)

3)Dictation:StudetnsdothespotdictationtaskintheCD-ROM.(15minutes)

4lhPeriodReadingPractice:

1)UncleJim'sWinkatLife

Groupdiscussion:Whatisathesis?(5minutes)

PairWork:Studentsdiscussthefollowingquestionsinpairs:(15minutes)

a)Theauthorbeginsthisstorywithachildhoodexperience.WhenUncleJimknewabouthislie,

whatdidhesay?

b)WhatdidtheboydowhenhefoundMrs.Jameson'sgloves?

c)Whatdidhegetforhishonestyinreturningtheglovestotherightowner?

d)WhatdidUncleJimtellabouthisbaldhead?

e)HowdidUncleJimtreathisfriends?

f)Whatlessondidtheboylearnfromthebet?

g)CanyoutrytotellwhatlessonstheboylearnedfromUncleJimandinwhatwayUncleJim

taughthimthelesson?

h)CanyoufindasentenceinourtexttoindicatewhattheboylearnedfromUncleJim?

Exercise:Studentsdothecontext-clueexerciseintheirbook.(15minutes)

2)Studentsdothefast-readingexercisesinCollegeEnglishProgressiveReading.(10

minutes)

5thPeriod

Speaking:Introduction

1)Theteacherexplainssomeimportantpointsaboutintroductiontothestudents

(10minutes)

Introduction

a)HowtoIntroducePeople

Inintroducingtwopeople,thegeneralruleis:Introduceotherpeopletothepersonyouwishto

honor.TheoldarehonoredintheWestasinChina.WomenhavebeenhonoredintheWestsince

thedaysofknighthood.

b)RisingatIntroduction

Amanalwaysriseforanintroduction,exceptthatitissometimesallrightforanelderlymanto

remainseatedwhenayoungmanisintroducedtohim.Thehostessalwaysrisesforan

introduction.

c)IntroducingYourself

Ifyouwanttomeetsomeone,itisbettertoaskafriendwhoknowhimtointroduceyou.But

sometimesatameetingorgatheringitisallrighttointroduceyourselftoafellow-student,orto

oneofthesamesexandposition.

Task:Role-Play(25minutes)

1)Imagineyou'reshowingagroupofEnglish-speakingvisitorsaroundyourlaboratoryin

China.Asyougofromdepartmenttodepartment,youmeetvariouspeoplewhomyou

wouldliketointroducetothevisitors.

2)Youarehavingdinnerwithafriendinarestaurant.Anotherfriendwalksintothe

restaurantalone.Youaskhimtojoinyouandthenintroduceyourcompaniontohim.

Task:GroupDiscussion:(10minutes)

Haveyougotanyplanforthecomingcollegelife?WhatisyourplanforEnglishstudy?

6thPeriod

Writing

1)Topic:Studentsreadthefollowinginstructionsindividually.(5minutes)

SomeintensiveEnglishprogramsintheUnitedStatesofferaforeignstudenttheoptionofliving

withanAmericanfamilywhileheorsheisstudyingabroad.Manystudentsfeelthatsucha

home-stayprogramisavaluablepartoftheirtotallearningexperience.However,othersmayfeel

thatsuchaplanofferslittlevalue.Inashortessay,discussoneortwoadvantagesoflivingwithan

Americanfamilyandthenstateoneortwodisadvantages.Tellwhetheryouareinfavorofor

opposedtotheideaofhome-stay.Giveexamplestosupportyouropinion.

2)StudentsdiscusstheadvantagesoflivingwithanAmericanfamily.(10minutes)

•OpportunitytolearnaboutAmericancustoms

•EnvironmenttoimproveEnglish

3)StudentsdiscussthedisadvantagesoflivingwithanAmericanfamily(10minutes)

•Lackofprivacyandindependence

•Beingtreatedlikeachild

4)Studentsdrafttheiressayindividually.(20minutes)

Unit2Friendship

1.教学目标及基本要求

Objectives:

Studentswillbeableto:

a)graspthemailidea(neverdelayexpressingyourtruefeelingstoafriend)andstructureof

thetext(developingastoryaroundaletter);

b)appreciatethatspokenEnglishismuchmoreinformalthanwrittenEnglish;

c)masterkeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;

d)conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeof

theunit.

2.教学内容及学时分配：

Timeallotment:

1stperiod:pre-reading;textorganization;textanalysis

2ndperiod:while-reading

3rdperiod:Post-ReadingActivities

4lhperiod:Reading

5lhperiod:Speaking

6thperiod:Writing

3.教学重点及难点：

Importantlanguagepointsinthetext:

4.教学内容的深化及拓宽：

Studentsconductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwritingpracticetodeepentheir

understandingofthepointstaughtinclass.

5.教学方式及在教学中应注意的问题：

Acombinationoftraditionalteachingmethodswiththecommunicativeapproachwillbeadopted.

Specialattentionshouldbepaidtoclassroominteraction.Moreencouragementandguidance

willbegiventothestudentsintheirextracurricularstudy.

6.主要参考书目：

季佩英，吴晓真，2001,《全新版大学英语综合教程1一教师用书》。上海：上海外语教育出版社。

柯彦玲，张砚秋，2002,《全新版大学英语阅读教程1一教师用书》。上海：上海外语教育出版社。

朱万忠，2(X)2,《大学英语阅读进阶1》。重庆：重庆大学出版社。

7.思考题和习题：

《全新版大学英语综合教程1》第二单元TextA后的所有习题。

阅读第二单元TextB,完成后面的相关练习。

《全新版大学英语阅读教程1》第二单元及相关练习。

《大学英语阅读进阶》第二单元及相关练习

WritingAssignment

1stPeriod

Pre-readingTasks:

1)Introduction(10minutes)

Studentslistentotherecordingandthenanswerthequestionsonpage32.

2)Warm-upQuestions:(15minutes)

a)Doyouhaveanyfriends?

b)Whydoyouthinkweneedfriends?

c)Whatkindofpeoplecanberegardedasourtruefriends?

d)Howdoyouunderstandfriendship?

3)Thetextcanbedividedinto3parts.Studentsskimthetextandtrytofindoutthemain

ideaforeachpart(10minutes)

4)Studentsscanthetextandthenanswerthequestionsonpage38.(10minutes)

2ndPeriod

Theteacherexplainsthefollowinglanguagepointstothestudents(45minutes)

Belostin/loseoneselfin;available;orsomething;estimate;notmuchofa;

correspondence;kindof/sortof;comeup;urge;postpone;reference;hangout;mostly;

awful;chokeup;skip;keepin/getin/lose/beintouchwithsb.practically

3mPeriod

1)SentenceTranslation:(15minutes)

StudentsarerequiredtotranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

a)请注意，这种车票仅在发售当天有效。

Attention,please.Theseticketsareavailableon(the)dayofissueonly.

b)这道甜食我还是不吃了吧。

Imightaswellgivethesweetcourseamiss.

c)艰难的重担；可怕的冒险

anawfulburden;anawfulrisk.

d)他住在一所旧房子里。

Hehangsoutinanoldhouse.

e)商店把投诉转交给制造商。

Theshopreferredthecomplainttothemanufacturers.

f)我们把比赛从3月5日推迟到3月19日举行。

WepostponedthematchfromMarch5thtoMarch19th.

g)她和我说话的神情，好像她早就认识我似的。

Shespoketomeasifsheknewme.

h)敌人空袭后通信中断了。

Thecorrespondencedroppedaftertheenemy'sair-raid.

i)疯子把他自己的孩子掐死了。

Themadmanchokedhisownchildtodeath.

j)当我的老朋友布赖恩怂恿我接受一支香烟时，我实在熬不住了。

WhenmyoldfriendBrianurgedmetoacceptacigarette,itwasmorethanIcouldbear.

2)Translation:StudentsarerequiredtotranslatetheusefulexpressionsintheCD-ROM.(15

minutes)

3)Dictation:StudentsdothedictationexerciseintheCD-ROM.(15minutes)

4thPeriodReadingPractice

Reading:

1)Theteacherexplainstheimportantreadingskillstothestudents.(30minutes)

ThispartwillintroduceyouseveralreadingskillswhichwillprovetobehelpfulinyourEnglish

readingifyoumasterthemskillfullyandusethemcreatively.

Nowlet'sseewhatthesemagicshillsare.

Thefirstskillnamedmainidea,bymainidea,wemeanwhatone'sideaaboutonetopic,asa

furtherstep,toknowone'sideaaboutonetopic,wealsoneedtoknowwhatkindsofdetailsare

usedtosupportone'sidea.

Forexample,ifone'ssay"Beckhamisalwaysinthecenterofadmiration,heisahandsomeguy,

andscoresorhelpsotherstoscoreineverymatch”(example1below).ThenhistopicisBeckham,

andthemainideaisBeckhamisinthecenterofadmiration,andthedetailshereusedtosupport

thatmainideais“heisahandsomeguy,andscoresorhelpsotherstoscoreineverymatch”

Soaverysimpledefinitionofmainidea,topicanddetailcanbegivenasfollow:

Mainideaisthecommentorthoughtonemadeaboutsomething.

Topicisthethingonemakescomments.

Detailsaresomefactualeventsoneusedtosupportone'smainidea.

Butattentionshouldbegiventothefactthatsometimes,peoplemakecommentswithoutgiving

anysupport,forexample:"Afriendinneedisafriendindeed^^(example2).Itstopicisabout

friend,itmainideais“afriendinneedisafriendindeed"，whilenodetailsaregiventosupport

thismainidea.Inothercases,themainideaisnotsoobvious,youmustmakesomeefforttodraw

aconclusion,ortrytoinferwhattheauthorisintendedtosay,forexample,hereisSocrates7joke

aboutmarriage“Byallmeansmarry,ifyougetagoodwife,youwillbecomehappy;ifyougeta

badone,youwillbecomeaphilosopher.^^(example3).Hereyoumustdrawaconclusionfrom

thesedetailsbyyourself;apossiblemainideaisthat"marriageisagoodthing”.Ofcourse,topic

cansometimesbeanotherproblem;itmayalsonotbesoclearwhataparagraphistalkingabout

afterreadingit.Thiswillbeclearwhenyouproceedwiththiscourse.

Anothertrickinfindingthemainideaofapassageisthatinaparagraph,themostpossibleplaces

fbrmainideaarethebeginning,ortheendandlesslikely,inthemiddleofaparagraph.

Togiveyouanoverallpictureofmainidea,topicanddetail,alongerexampletakenfromthetext

isgivenbelow(example4)

Example1

Beckhamisalwaysinthecenterofadmiration,heisahandsomeguy,andscoresorhelpsothersto

scoreineverymatch.

Example2

Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.

Example3

“Byallmeansmarry,ifyougetagoodwife,youwillbecomehappy;ifyougetabadone,you

willbecomeaphilosopher.^^

Example4

Aswebegintoseparateourselvesandgrowawayfromourfamiliesinadolescence,friendships

becomeevenmoreimportanttousassourcesofsupport.However,inlateadolescenceandearly

adulthood,friendshipcantakeabackseattoromanticrelationships.Marriagecandisrupt

friendships:ourinterestschange,andwebegintoformrelationshipwithothercouples.Inthe

samewaydivorcecandisruptthefriendshipsweformedascouples

Canyoutellthetopicandmainideaandidentifythedetailsthatareusedtosupporttheideainthe

aboveparagraph.Let'sdoittogether,firstly,weshouldtellwhatthetopicis,itseemsstupidto

asksuchaquestion,becauseitisobviousthatthetopicisfriendship.Whilethatmayseemtobe

truesuperficially,whenwegiveitanotherthought,wewillfindthisobviousanswerissomewhat

odd,becausethewholetextisaboutfriendship,notjustthisparagraph.Acloserlookwillleadus

tothefactthatthereareseveraldifferenttimeindicators,thatis“adolescence"，lateadolescence,

andearlyadulthood,marriageanddivorce.Inthisdifferenttimeoflife,friendshipisdifferent,so

wemaywellsaythatthetopicis“changeoffriendshipindifferenttimeoflife”,andthe

correspondingmainideais"ondifferentstagesoflife,friendshipmayhavedifferentfbim."And

thedetailusedtosupportthemainideais“inadolescence,friendshipsbecomeevenmore

importanttous”“inlateadolescenceandearlyadulthood,friendshipcantakeabackseat(后退)

toromanticrelationships.”"marriageanddivorce(离婚)candisruptthefriendshipsweformedas

couples^^

2)Exercise:Studentsdothefollowingexercisesindividually.(15minutes)

Nowmaybeyouareeagertohaveatryonthisreadingskillbyyourself,sodothefollowing

exercise:trytofindthetopic,mainidea,andsupportingdetailsofthefollowingparagraphs.

a)Whatisremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthe

centuriesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.Thechangeshavebeenmostlyintermsof

craftsship,mechanics,andtechnology.Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheir

developmentinal