常用专业英语词汇

General通用

法规，规范code

标准standard

暂行标准tentativestandard

达到标准comeuptothestandard

定标准fix(setup)astandard

标书，技术规格specification

要求

requirement

满足要求

fulfillrequirement

细则

regulation

规则rule

法律law

条款provision

总则generalprovision

附带条件，限制性条款proviso

判据

criterion(pl.criteria)

约定条件stipulation

合同规定

onthestipulationthat

合同contract

签订合同

signacontract

拟订合同

drawupacontract

违约breachofcontract

代理人

mandatory

强制性的mandatory,restrictive

非强制性的optional

条件condition

符合conformto(with)

遵守complywith

确认confirm

证书certificate

认可

approve(v),approval(n.)

接收accept(v.),acceptanee(n.),

acceptable(a.)

评定

qualify(v.)qualification(n.)

满足meet

许可

permit

拒收

reject

废品

rejection

鉴别

identify

提交submitto

论证demonstrate

公约convention

仲裁arbitration

公证notarization

公证人

publicnotary

商检

commodityinspection&testing

独立检验员

independentinspector

业主代表

representativeofS/V

业主owner

委托人dient

2

签署sign

要求

request

监理员

supervisor,surveyor

检杳鉴定survey

检杳

inspect,check,

验证

verify

目击，见证witness

禁止

prohibit

建议recommend

满意的

satisfactory

授权authorize

文件document

审查review

监控monitor

测定detect

逐个检验

individualinspection

抽样检验samplinginspection,crosscheck

巡检

touringinspection,patrolinspection

评价evaluate

试验test

实验experiment

试样specimen

可跟踪性traceability

预先具有资格prequalify

判定，评价

judge

责任responsibility,obligation,duty

3

折衷，兼顾compromise

官方，管理局authority

样本sample

保证assure

通知单notification

通知

notify(v.)notice(n.)

会议纪要

minutes

数量

quantity

质量

quality

质量控制

qualitycontrol(Q.C)

质量保证

qualityassurance(Q.A)

缺陷defect

损坏

damage

临界的critical

受控文件validdocument

停止点

holdpoint(H)

交货delivery

竣工图

as-builtdrawing

原始记录originalrecord

传阅recycle

批注comment

答复reply

紧急urgent

宣读readout

直线度

straightness

垂直度

perpendicular

4

平整度flatness

同心度

concentricity

同轴度axiality

平行度parallelism

圆度roundness

平面度

planeness

随机的random

不平uneven

空心hollow

同心

concentricity

偏心eccentric

表面粗糙度

surfaceroughness

尺寸公差dimensiontoleranee

允许误差admissibleerror

上偏差

upperdeviation

下偏差lowerdeviation

尺寸dimension

长度length

宽度width

、1、<

height

厚度thickness

深度depth

跨度

span

直径diameter

半径radius

外径outerdiameter

5

内径innerdiameter

口径caliber

径向跳动runout

端面跳动endfacerunout

中心线偏斜

lackofalignment

弯曲

flexure,bending

斜度

slope

角度

angle

对角线

diagonal

平行线parallel

中心线centerline

斜线

obliqueline

切线

tangentialline

轮廓线contourline

原点，起点original

指标index

转速rotaryspeed

方向direction

指南guide

选定choose

选择select

挑选pick

炉批号heat/platenumber,heatbatch

炉、批lotorheat

编制drafting

签发sign&issue

6

L

joloejiuoo

IBAJeAUIUfe

1

uoiAejedo|eu;

6uiieeiju#o-和pj茅工肛

u!II!)

enssi

ain[SQLU

和o[Sjeq

pueuue卫却I

lueuuqoeBe1xeuue

ainseemWK

A|uejodijuei

闻晁

lepouu

Ajieuuoe6

抽殂回“

jiedej

/v\euej

eAouuej

UOISSILUO

eoueuujojuoo-uou

AeoudjouoiAonb

心nbui

piqjosseoons

6uiuedopiq

piq1jepuei

」epueijojUOIAIAU!

eoueuujoped

分保商subcontractor

供货商

supplier

操作错误operatemissing

签证

visa

敲打检查

hammeringtest

拉伸试验tensiletest

冲击韧性

impacttoughness

冲击功

impactwork

抗拉强度

tensilestrength

屈服强度

yieldstrength

弯曲角

angleofbending

冲击韧性试验

impactcuppingtest

压扁试验

squeezingtest

侧弯试验sidebendtest

背弯试验rootbendtest

面弯试验facebendtest

纵弯试验axialbendtest

硬度试验hardnesstest

破断延伸率

percentageofelongationofbreak

断面收缩率percentageseductionofarea

无损检测nondestructivetest(NDT)

破坏试验destructivetest

外观检杳visualexamination

超声波探伤ultrasonictest(UT)

射线探伤

radiographictest(RT)

磁粉探伤magneticparticletest(MT)

8

渗透探伤penetranttest(PT)

密封性试验leaktest

气密试验airtighttest

压力试验pressuretest

水压试验

hydraulictest

气压试验

pneumatictest

冲水试验

fillwatertest

宏观组织检查

macroscopicexamination

微观组织检杳

microcosmicexamination

侵蚀erosion

底片

radiographictestfilm

［变形］distortion

永久变形

permanentdeformation

拱度，凸起camber

凸出

protrusion

凹进concave

挠度deflect!on

旁弯lateralflexure

超出protrudebeyond

清除decontaminate

失败，故障failure

断裂fracture

塌陷，凹陷collapse

中断discontinuity

裂缝crack

发裂flaw

9

龟裂fissure

毛细裂纹

capillarycrack

起始裂纹incipientcrack

断层裂纹

faultfissure

积水

stagnantwater

船舱cabin

Processing力口工工艺

加工

processing,working

工艺学

technology

工艺技术

technique

工艺的

technologic

工位

station,position

工序procedure,operation

工步

step

车间shop,workshop

工厂

mill,factory,manufacturer

工地、现场site

外场yard,field

侧面side

断面section

结构structure,construct!on

构件部件member,component

零件

part,element

10

机构mechanism

装置device

机件machinery

机械零件mechanicalelement

基准datum

水平基准线horizontalreferenceline

精度accuracy

余量allowanee

组件assemble

分装件subassemble

包装

package

外协件

cooperation

外购件

purchasepart

备件sparepart

裸装件nudes

散装件oddlot,odds&ends

拆包unpackaging

工件

workpiece

装箱单packinglist

［焊接］welding

对接焊buttwelding

角焊filletwelding

搭接焊lapwelding

船形焊filletweldingindownhand

塞焊

plugwelding

平焊downhandwelding

11

横焊horizontaipositionwelding

立焊

verticalpositionwelding

仰焊overheadpositionwelding

全位置焊allpositionwelding

平角焊

horizontaifilletwelding

仰角焊

filletweldingintheoverhead

衬垫焊weldingwithbacking

单面焊双面成形one-sideweldingwithback

format!on

定位焊

tackwelding

堆焊

surfacing

返修焊rewelding

补焊

repairwelding

隔离层堆焊buttering

手工焊

manualwelding

自动焊

automaticwelding

用条电弧焊

shieldedmetalarcwelding(SMAW)

埋弧焊submergedarcwelding(SAW)

气保焊

gasshieldedarcwelding

氯弧焊

argonarcwelding

鸨极筑弧焊

argontungstenarcwelding

熔化极惰性气体保护焊MIG

鸨极惰性气体保护焊TIG

活性气体保护电弧焊

metalactive-gasarcwelding(MAG)

co气保焊carbon-dioxidearcwelding

药芯焊丝co气保焊arcosarcprocess,dualshieldedarcweldi

ng

12

单面焊weldingbyoneside

双面焊

weldingbybothsides

单道焊singlepasswelding

多道焊multi-passwelding

单层焊

singlelayerwelding

多层焊

multi-layerwelding

连续焊

continuouswelding

断续焊

intermittentwelding

打底焊

backingwelding

盖面焊cosmeticwelding

分段退焊

backstepwelding

纵缝

Iongitudinalseam

横缝transverseseam

环缝circumferentialseam

螺旋缝

spiralseam

坡口

groove

坡口面grooveface

坡口面角度bevelangle

坡口角度

grooveangle

坡口高度groovedepth

钝边rootface

钝边高度thicknessofrootface

根部间隙rootgap

根部半径rootradius

根部锐边

rootedge

I型坡口

squaregroove

13

坡形板边（削薄）taperededge

焊缝表面weldface

焊缝背面backofweld

焊缝尺寸

sizeofweld

焊缝厚度throatthickness

熔深

penetration

焊缝成形appearaneeofweld

余高reinforcement

背面余高rootreinforcement

焊脚

leg

焊根weldroot

焊趾weldtoe

凸形角焊缝convexfilletweld

凹形角焊缝concavefilletweld

交错断续角焊缝

staggeredintermittentfilletweld

并列断续角焊缝chainintermittentfilletweld

密封焊缝sealweld

熔透焊缝penetrationbead

保留垫板

permanent

临时垫板temporarybacking

垫板backing

铜垫板

copperbacking,copperchillplate

焊剂垫fluxbacking

引弧板run-ontabendtab

引出板run-offtabendtab

引弧

arcstart,arcburning

14

熄弧arcoutage,arcblowout

焊接工艺评定weldingqualificationprocedure

(WPQ)

焊接工艺规程weldingspecificatioprocedure

n(WPS)

焊接工艺参数

weldingparameter

焊工考试welderqualificationtest

焊接电流weldingcurrent

电弧电压

arcvoltage

焊接速度

weldtravelspeed

预热

preheat

后热postheat

层间温度interpasstemperature

焊后热处理postweldheattreatment

焊接环境weldingsurroundings

清根rootbackgouged,backchipping

清渣slagremoval

定位板（马〕strong-back

电弧偏吹arcflow

熔滴

droplet

拼接

splice

焊缝清理

weldcleaning

气刨

gouge

批凿

chip

锤击

peening

捻缝caulking

中间焊层

intermediateweldlayer

15

划线markoff

熔渣

slag

焊缝穿越孔weldaccesshole

焊态

as-weld

过热组织overheatedstructure

魏氏组织Widmannst?ttenstructure

层状偏析lamellarsegregation

熔合线boundline

热影响区

heat-affectedzone(HAZ)

碳当量

carbonequivalent

晶间腐蚀

intercryctallinecorrosion

敏化区腐蚀

welddecay

焊接残余应力

weldingresidualstress

消除应力

stressrelieving

退火消除应力

stressrelievingbyannealing

焊接残余变形

weldingresidualdeformation

角变形angulardistortion

波浪变形wave-likedeformation

扭曲twisted

收缩shrinkage

反变形backwarddeformation

刚性固定rigidfixing

校正straighten

火焰校正flamestraightening

焊接缺陷welddefect

裂纹crack

16

层状撕裂lamellartearing

气孔blowhole

密集气孔porosity

虫形气孔

wormhole

咬边undercut

焊瘤overlap

凹坑

Pit

烧穿

burnthrough

塌陷

excessivepenetration

未焊透

incompletepenetration

未熔合

incompletefusion

未焊满

Incompletelyfilledweld

根部缺陷

rootconcaving

电弧擦伤arcscratch,arcstrike

夹渣

slaginclusion

白点

fisheye

错边

dislocation,mismatching,misalignment

分层stratification

嵌条insert

飞溅spatter

机械擦伤

mechanicaldamage

焊缝成形差

roughweld

锤痕

hammeringpit

麻点pock

边缘不平整

roughedge

17

剥落peel

弧坑crater

焊道曲折zigzagweld

外形规整smoothcontour

歪斜crooked

翘曲

warping

焊接材料

weldingconsumables

焊条electrode

酸性焊条

acidelectrode

碱性焊条

basicelectrode

低氢焊条

lowhydrogentypeelectrode

焊剂

weldingflux

焊丝

weldingwire

镀铜焊丝copper-platingweldingwire

药心焊丝flux-coredwire

电弧焊机

arcweldingmachine

弧焊电源arcweldingpowersource

焊条保温筒thermostatforelectrode

干燥箱

dryer

地线earthlead

地线夹头earthclamp

平台platen

滚轮架turningroll

胎架placentas

压缩空气

compressedair

焊接量规

weldgauge

18

测温笔tempilstick

打磨

grind(ground)

焊钳electrodeholder

砂轮机grinder

钢丝刷wirebrush

砂纸

sand-paper

砂布emerycloth

气焊

gaswelding

氧乙烘焊

oxy-acetylenewelding

热喷涂

thermalspraying

气割

gascutting

电弧切割

arccutting

等离子弧切割

plasmaarccutting(PAC)

空气等离子弧切割airplasmaarccutting

仿形切割

shapecutting

数控切割

NCcutting

碳弧气刨carbonarcairgouging

坡口切割

bevelcutting

切割面质量qualityofcutface

缺口notch

挂渣adheringslag

结瘤dross

周边焊aroundwelding

电弧偏吹arcblow

焊态as-welded

焊接熔池

weldpool

19

焊接区weldregion

送丝速度

wirefeedspeed

反变形backwarddeformation

收缩变形contractiondeformation

翘曲变形deflectiondeformation

［油漆］painting

底漆

primerpainting,undercoating

中层漆intermediarypainting

面漆

finishingpainting,topcoating

锌粉底漆硬化剂

curingagent,hardener

溶剂solvent

溶剂气化

solventboiling

稀释剂thinner

环氧富锌漆

epoxyzincrichprimer

磷化漆

Phosphorizedpainting

沥青

asphalt

表面预处理surfacepretreatment

喷砂sandblasting

喷丸shotblasting

除锈rustremoval,derusting

除漆depainting

脱脂，除油Degreasing,degrease

除氧化皮scaling

喷涂spraypainting

刷涂brushing

防锈antirust

20

辑涂roller-painting

电镀

electroplating

镀锌galvanized

腻子putty

刮腻子

puttying

擦净

scouring

晾干airing

嵌填implant

防滑面漆

finishingnon-slippaint

清漆

varnish

防锈漆

rustpreventivepaint(oil)

防锈脂

antirustgrease

防锈纸

rustpreventivepaper

搅拌stirring

条纹状涂层

stripecoating

色素

pigment

沉淀sediment

无空气喷漆

airlessspray

相对湿度relativeairhumidity

湿度计moisturegauge,psychomotor

粗躁度profileroughness

干膜厚度

dryfilmthickness(D.F.T)

湿膜厚度wetfilmthickness(W.F.T.)

膜厚仪filmthicknessgauge

粘度计

viscositymeter

露天

open

21

含水量moisturecontent

混合比例

mixingratio

风向fanangle

清洁度

cleanliness

覆盖度

coverage

露点测量器

dewpointcalculation

汽化flashoff

再喷涂最小间隔

minimumrecoatinginterval

附着力试验paintadhereneetest,cross-hatch

test

附着力adhesion

密度

density

起泡

blistering

气泡

bubble

气孔

blowhole

针孔

pinhole

起皱

wrinkling,crumple

凹坑pitting

流淌

running

流挂

sagging

起皮peeling

桔皮状

orangepeeling

发黑

blackening

泛黄

yellowing

开裂cracking

颜色和光泽不均匀unevencolour&gloss

22

涂层中夹灰和砂retentionofdust&sand

厚度不均匀uneventhicknessoffilm

露底holiday

剥落

peeloff

脱皮

spalling

刷痕brushmark

渗色

bleed!ng

自然老化

weathering

飞漆

overspray

漆渣

paintdregs

油漆烧焦

burnt&charredpaint

褪色

discolour;fading

粉状表面

powderysurface

污染contarnination

鳞片lamination

刮痕scratch

堆积accumulation

混浊膜