专题23 形容词副词七类十二个高频考点（讲案）解析版

高考一轮复习知识清单专题23形容词副词七类十二个高频考点（讲案）解析版（快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+原创语填）目录一、形容词副词用法快问快答P1二、形容词副词考点思维导图P2三、形容词副词用法考点清单P3考点清单一、常考名词变形容词13种后缀归纳P3考点清单二、常考动词变形容词6种后缀归纳P5考点清单三、形容词加-ly变副词六种场合P7考点清单四、高频易混形容词副词辨析P9考点清单五、合成形容词九种场合P11考点清单六、形容词句法功能P15考点清单七、形容词副词语境辨析P17三、形容词副词用法分类训练P18分类训练（一）单句填空（高考真题）P18分类训练（二）单句填空（高考真题）P19分类训练（三）单项选择（高考真题）P19分类训练（四）单句填空（模拟试题）P22一、形容词副词用法快问快答Q1：形容词有哪些核心考点？A1：形容词是英语常见词类，用法灵活，考点繁多，涉及到名词、动词转换为形容词、合成形容词、易混形容词辨析、形容词句法功能以及比较等级。Q2：副词词有哪些核心考点？A2：副词同样种类繁多，涉及到形容词转换为副词、易混副词辨析等以及比较等级。Q3：如何才能学好形容词副词？A3：一要构建好形容词副词的知识网络，二要了解其基本用法，三要学以致用，查漏补缺。Q4：学好形容词副词有什么意义？A4：一能提高使用语言的准确性，二能在写作中尝试使用高级句式进一步提升句子表达力。二、形容词副词考点思维导图三、形容词副词用法考点清单考点清单一、常考名词变形容词13种后缀归纳1.+y结尾的形容词anger→angry生气的 hunger→hungry饿的fog→foggy有雾的 fur→furry毛皮的guilt→guilty内疚的 health→healthy健康的2.名词+edbalance→balanced平衡的 spot→spotted有斑点的gift→gifted有天赋的 talent→talented有天赋的crowd→crowded拥挤的 3.名词+ful/lessmeaning→meaningful有意义的 colour→colourful五彩缤纷的pain→painful痛苦的 beauty→beautiful美丽的wonder→wonderful极好的 fear→fearless不怕的4.名词+ablechange→changeable易变的 comfort→comfortable舒适的suit→suitable合适的 knowledge→knowledgeable博学的5.名词+ouscourage→courageous勇敢的 danger→dangerous危险的mystery→mysterious神秘的 fame→famous著名的poison→poisonous有毒的 humor→humorous幽默地6.ce变成t结尾的形容词innocence→innocent无辜的 evidence→evident显然的silence→silent沉默的 patience→patient有耐心的7.+al结尾的形容词addition→additional附加的 class→classical经典的medicine→medical医学的 music→musical 音乐的grammar→grammatical语法的 globe→global全球的agriculture→agricultural农业的 culture→cultural文化的8.+ly结尾的形容词friend→friendly友好的 love→lovely可爱的day→daily每日的 month→monthly每月的9.+en结尾的形容词wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen羊毛的gold→golden 金子般的 10.学科名词加cal变成形容词chemistry→chemical化学的 physics→physical身体的politics→political政治的 ecology→ecological生态的11.ance变成ant结尾的形容词significance→significant有意义的 ignorance→ignorant无知的tolerance→tolerant容忍的12.+cial结尾的形容词race→racial种族的 face→facial面部的commerce→commercial商业的 finance→financial金融的benefit→beneficial 除外13.其他energy→energetic 精力充沛的 strategy→strategic战略的self→selfish自私的 wisdom→wise明智的freedom→free空的,免费的 height→high高的love→loving慈爱的 death→dead死的pleasure→pleased 高兴的 popularity→popular 流行的pride→proud 骄傲的 scientist→scientific 科学的freedom→free 自由的 world→worldwide 全世界的【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2014•新课标Ⅰ)Justbe________(patience)．2.Oliversaysifyou're____________(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthemifyoucanjoininwhenit'spossible.3.Aikinswastryingtojumpfromsuchaheightwithoutaparachute(降落伞).Thisis_____________(usual).Heneededtolandonahugenet(网)hungaboveadesertinsouthernCalifornia.4.Theartistoftensaidartcreationisa_____________(person)matterunrelatedtoanyoneelseandthatmodernartistsshouldnotbeboundbytheenvironment,traditionor.5.Teachersofearlyreading-agechildrenagreethatrereadingimprovesunderstandingbeyond_____________(base)words.6.Unlike_____________(tradition)ones,thisscreengivesoffthelightdirectly.7.OnatableathishomeinRosetta,aportcityin_____________(north)Egypt,self-taughtartistIbrahimBilaldisplayedavarietyofhissignatureminisculpturesmadewithpenciltips.8.“NowIplantoinvitescholarsandcraftsmentodiscovermore_____________(culture)andhistoricalstoriesbehindthem,"hesaid.9.Onceavailableonlytoaselectgroupoftechinsiders,text-to-imageAIsystemsarebecomingincreasinglypopularand_____________(power).10.Overtheyears,extensiveresearchonmicehasfoundthefunctionofthehippocampusisvery____________(sense)tojunkfood,butrecentlyscientistscanobservethisonlyinyoungandhealthyhumans.【答案与解析】1.patient。句意：就耐心一点吧。be动词后接形容词构成系表结构。2.lucky。考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。3.unusual。考查形容词。句意：这是不同寻常的。句中用形容词作表语。根据“Aikinswastryingtojumpfromsuchaheightwithoutaparachute(降落伞).”可知，Aikins不背降落伞准备从7600米高的飞机跳下来，这是不同寻常的，应用形容词unusual。故填unusual。4.personal。考查形容词。句意：这位艺术家常说，艺术创作是个人事务，与他人无关，现代艺术家不应受环境、传统或自身的束缚。修饰名词matter要用形容词形式。故填personal。5.basic。考查形容词。句意：早期阅读年龄儿童的老师都认为，重读可以提高基本词汇以外的理解能力。空格处后words是名词，前面应用形容词basic“基础的，基本的”，作定语。故填basic。6.traditional。考查形容词。句意：不像传统的屏幕，这个屏幕直接发光。修饰ones应用所给词的形容词形式，故填traditional。7.northern。考查形容词。句意：自学成才的艺术家IbrahimBilal在他位于埃及北部的港口城市罗塞塔家中的一张桌子上，展示了他用铅笔尖雕刻的各种标志性迷你雕塑。Egypt是名词，需要用形容词修饰名词作定语，构成northernEgypt意为“埃及的北部”。故填northern。8.cultural。考查形容词。句意：现在我计划邀请学者和工匠来发掘他们背后更多的文化和历史故事。根据空后andhistorical可知，空处应填形容词形式cultural作定语，与之并列，修饰名词stories，表示“文化的”。故填cultural。9.powerful。考查形容词。句意：文本到图像的人工智能系统曾经只有一小部分技术内部人士才能使用，现在它正变得越来越流行和强大。分析句子可知，空处缺形容词作表语，与系动词become构成系表结构；根据英文提示，故填powerful。10.sensitive。考查形容词。句意：多年来，对老鼠的广泛研究发现，海马体的功能对垃圾食品非常敏感，但科学家最近仅在年轻和健康的人类中观察到这种情况。此处用形容词作系动词后的表语，且besensitiveto为固定搭配，意为“对……敏感”。故填sensitive。考点清单二、常考动词变形容词6种后缀归纳1.词尾加fuluse→useful有用的 care→careful小心的help→helpful有帮助的 thank→thankful感激的peace→peaceful和平的 forget→forgetful健忘的2.词尾加d或ed:please→pleased高兴的 unite→united联合的excite→excited激动的 surprise→surprised惊讶的organize→organized有组织的 close→closed封闭的3.词尾加ing:interest→interesting有趣的 surprise→surprising令人惊讶excite→exciting令人兴奋的 develop→developing发展中的4.词尾变y为i,加ed:worry→worried担忧的 marry→married已婚的fry→fried油煎的 terrify→terrified恐惧的5.词尾加able:know→knowledgeable博学的 adjust→adjustable可调整的accept→acceptable可接受的 respect→respectable体面的6.其它：lose→lost 迷失的 fool→foolish愚蠢的live→living 活着的 wake→awake醒着的taste→tasty美味的 speak→spoken口语的break→broken破损的 die→dead死的educate→educational教育的25/25【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2016•浙江)Thatyoungmanishonest，cooperative，alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.Inshort，he's________(rely)．2.(2015•福建)Itwas________(consider)ofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayincasewegotworried.5.(2014•湖北)Insteadofblamingthechildwhohadbrokenthevase，shegavehima________(tolerate)smileandlethimgo.10.Theauthorcreateda_____________(represent)heroinewhowastoughandintelligent,facinguptohardshipswithcourage,perseveranceandoptimism.【答案与解析】1.reliable。句意：这个年轻人诚实、善于合作，你需要时总能到场。总之，他很可靠。be动词后接形容词作表语。2.considerate。句意：迈克尔考虑真周全，告知我们他的延误以便我们感到担忧。Itisconsiderateofsbtodosth.是个固定句型。5.tolerant。句意：她没有责怪那个打碎花瓶的男孩，相反给他一个容忍性微笑，让他走了。空白处需要一个形容词作定语。10.representative。考查形容词。句意：作者塑造了一个坚强、聪明、勇敢、坚持、乐观地面对困难的代表性女主人公。设空处后为名词，形容词修饰名词，设空处应用形容词的形式。故填representative。考点清单三、形容词加-ly变副词六种场合规则示例例外多数形容词直接加-ly变为副词successful—successfullysevere—severelyextreme—extremelyquick—quicklyfull-fully以-y结尾形容词变y为i再加-ly变副词happy—happilyeasy—easilynecessarynecessarilyheavy—heavilyshy—shyly以-le,-ble结尾的形容词去e加y变副词gentle—gentlypossible—possiblyprobable—probablysimple—simplytrue—trulywhole—wholly以-ic结尾的形容词直接加-ally变为副词basic—basicallyspecific—specificallyscientific—scientificallyautomatic--automaticallypublic--publicly以-ing结尾形容词变为直接加-ly副词surprising-surprisinglyincreasing—increasinglyinteresting—interestinglyjoking—jokingly以-ed结尾形容词变为副词直接加-lyrepeat—repeatedlyhurried—hurriedlyexcited—excitedlyexpected--unexpectedly【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2019•全国II)Heryearsofhardworkhave_________(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.2.(2019•全国III)TheyalsosharedwithusmanytraditionalstoriesaboutHawaiithatwere_________(huge)popularwithtourists.3.(2019•浙江)Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan_________(easy)seethem.4.Inspiteofthefallfromhishorse,hislegswere(surprise)uninjured.5.I'm___________(terrible)sorry,sir.I'llgetyouanotherone.6.Healthyteethcanhelpuspronounce___________(accurate).7.Shedidn'tletanyoneknowwhatshe

___________(true)felt.8.Weshouldplan

___________(scientific),andestablishapropercitynetwork.9.“Itakethejumpvery_____________(serious).IhaveafamilyandI’vegotalifewithtolive.It’snotajoke,”hesaid.10.Thismeansitisabletovibrate(振动)more__________(flexible).Thisvibrationisinvisibletothevieweranddoesnotaffectpicturequality.11.FondofancientEgyptianicons(图标),Bilaldedicatedoneofhisearliestworkstotheworld-famousRosettaStone,anancientEgyptianrelic___________(accidental)discoveredinhiscityandhasbeenkeptintheBritishMuseum.12.“Ithinktheyarejustbeautiful,andIshouldcollectthem,”saidDudek,addingthattheseitemsmaybeignoredonce___________(random)packedinthewarehouses,buttheycouldshineagainthroughrestoration.13.ThemountainfiresinseveralregionsinChongqinghavebeen_____________(eventual)putoutonFridaymorning.Nocasualtieshavebeenreported.14.Asaresultofyouraction,yourdreamwillcometrueand___________(hopeful)youwillliveahappylife.15.Luckily,he___________(narrow)escapedfromtheterribleaccident.【答案与解析】1.finally。修饰动词应用副词。故答案是finally。2.hugely。修饰形容词应用副词。故答案是hugely。3.easily。修饰动词应用副词。故答案是easily。4.surprisingly。修饰形容词应用副词。故答案是surprisingly。5.terribly。修饰动词应用副词。故答案是terribly。6.accurately。修饰动词应用副词。故答案是accurately。7.truly。修饰动词应用副词。故答案是truly。8.scientifically。修饰动词应用副词。故答案是scientifically。9.seriously。考查副词。句意：我非常认真地对待这次跳伞。此处修饰代词take，应用副词seriously为“认真地”，作状语。故填seriously。10.flexibly。考查副词。句意：这意味着它能够更灵活地振动。修饰动词vibrate应用所给词的副词形式。故填flexibly。11.accidentally。考查副词。句意：Bilal喜欢古埃及的图标，举世闻名的罗塞塔石碑是他最早致力于的作品之一，这是一件在他所在的城市偶然发现的古埃及文物，目前保存在大英博物馆。根据后文discovered可知，这里应用副词来修饰动词作状语。故填accidentally。12.randomly。考查副词。句意：他补充说，这些物品在仓库里随意包装时可能会被忽视，但通过修复它们可以重新焕发光彩。分析句子可知，空处应填副词形式randomly修饰动词packed，表示“随意地”。故填randomly。13.eventually。考查副词。句意：周五上午，重庆多个地区的山火终于被扑灭。分析句子可知，空格处应用副词，修饰谓语动词“havebeenputout”，作状语，“eventual”为形容词，对应的副词为“eventually”，意为“最后，终于”。故填eventually。14.hopefully。考查副词。句意：作为你行动的结果，你的梦想将会实现，有希望你能过上幸福的生活。分析句子可知，修饰句子“youwillliveahappylife”用副词作状语，故填hopefully。15.narrowly。考查副词。句意：幸运的是，他勉强地逃过了那场可怕的事故。分析句子可知，空处应用副词narrowly“勉强地”修饰动词escaped。故填narrowly。考点清单四、高频易混形容词副词辨析要点精讲1：具有两种形式的副词的区别项目点拨典例deep在深处，深深地（本义，不带感情色彩）Theysatandtalked

deepintothenight.

他们坐着谈话，一直谈到深夜。deeply深深地（引申义，带有感情色彩）Hewasdeeplywoundedbyhisson'scomments.他被他儿子的评论深深地刺伤了。high高高地（本义，不带感情色彩）Aneaglecircledhighoverhead.

一只鹰在头顶上空盘旋。highly高度地（引申义，带有感情色彩）Daphnethoughthighlyoftheschool.

达夫妮对那所学校评价很高。close在深处，深深地（本义，不带感情色彩）Theysatclosetogether.他们紧挨着坐在一起。closely密切地；仔细地（引申义，带有感情色彩）Isatandwatchedeveryoneveryclosely.我坐着仔细观察每一个人。wide大地；宽地Hestoodwithhislegswideapart.他站在那里，两腿叉开。widely广泛地Theideaisnowwidelyaccepted.这个思想现在已普遍接受。late迟地，晚地Thebirthdaycardarrivedthreedayslate.生日贺卡晚到了三天。lately最近；近来Ihaven'tbeensleepingwelllately.我最近一直睡不好觉。hard努力地；用功地Don'thititsohard!别这么用力打！hardly几乎不Icanhardlykeepmyeyesopen.我困得都快睁不开眼了。most最多，最Itwasmostkindofyoutomeetme.你来接我真是太好了。mostly大部分地；主要地Carsaremostlymetal.汽车大多是金属制成的。【即时训练】从括号内所给单词中选择一个填在空白处。1.We

think_____________(high/highly)

of

their

research

in

the

field.

2.It'sonly_____________(late/lately)thatshe'sbeenwellenoughtogoout.3.Gwenhadnotseenherdadallthatmuch,because______(most/mostly)heworkedontheships.4.Shehasthoughtvery_____________(hard/hardly)aboutherfutureplans.

【答案与解析】1.highly。thinkhighlyof是固定搭配，表示“高度评价”。故答案是highly。2.lately。lately表示“最近，近来”，常与现在完成时连用。故答案是lately。3.mostly。mostly表示“大部分地；主要地”，符合语境逻辑。故答案是mostly。4.hard。thinkhard表示“用心思考”。故答案是hard。要点精讲2：常见易混形容词副词的区别项目点拨典例soadv如此；太（修饰形容词、副词或动词）Don'tlooksoangry.别那样怒气冲冲的。ShespokesoquietlythatIcouldhardlyhearher.她说话轻得我几乎听不见。suchadj这样的，如此的（修饰名词）It'ssuchabeautifulday!天气多么好哇！Itwassuchfineweatherthattheyallwentshopping.那是个好天气，他们都去购物了。goodadj好的，好样的（作定语或表语）Thepianowasingoodcondition.这台钢琴状况良好。Sorry,myEnglishisnotverygood.对不起，我的英语不太好。welladv好的（修饰动词、形容词作状语）Thekidsallbehavedwell.孩子们都很规矩。Addthelemonjuiceandmixwell.加进柠檬汁并搅拌均匀。manyadj很多的，许多的（修饰复数名词）Howmanychildrendoyouhave?你有几个孩子？I'veknownherforagreatmanyyears.我认识她好多好多年。muchadj很多的，许多的（修饰不可数名词）Howmuchwaterdoyouneed?你要多少水？Thankyouverymuchfortheflowers.非常感谢你的这些花。fewadj一些；少的（修饰复数名词）VeryfewstudentslearnLatinnow.现在学拉丁语学生少得很。littleadj一些；少的（修饰不可数名词）fyouhaveanysparemilk,couldyougivemealittle?你要是有多余的牛奶，给我一些好吗？【即时训练】单句改错。5.(2016·全国II)Itdoesnotcostmany,yetwecanstilllearnalot.6.(2016·全国III)Atfirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.However,myparentsdidn’tseemtothinksuch.7.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtasty.Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.【答案与解析】5.many改为much。句意：这样花钱不多，但是仍然可以学到很多东西。涉及到金钱，不可数概念，故答案是many改为much。6.such改为so。so这里代替上文出现的句子。故答案是such改为so。7.much改为many。结合语境这里指Therearesofruits…，复数概念，故答案是much改为many。要点精讲3：-ing、-ed类形容词-ed形容词主要用来说明人的感受，含有“感到……”之意。-ing形容词主要用来说明给人的感受，含有“令人……”之意。例1：Theinstructionsontheboxareveryconfusing.

例2：Thechildrengaveaconfusedaccountofwhathadhappened.【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。8.Theaudiencewerevery___________(excite)bytheshow.9.Theparentsare___________(worry)abouttheir___________(worry)son.10.Whenapolicecarappearedontheroad,thethiefhada___________(frighten)lookonhisface.【答案与解析】8.excited。句意：观众们看了演出感到非常激动。结合语境应用excited。故答案是excited。9.worried；worrying。句意：父母在为他们令人担忧的儿子感到担忧。句中用worried说明父母，是因为父母感到担心；用worrying说明儿子，是因为这个儿子令父母担心。故答案是worried；worrying。10.frightened。句意：当警车出现在马路上时，那个小偷脸上是吃惊的表情。根据语境逻辑脸上是“感到吃惊的”表情。故答案是frightened。考点清单五、合成形容词九种场合要点精讲：1.形容词/副词+现在分词easy-going随和的 good-looking相貌好看的hard-working勤劳的 long-standing长期存在的far-reaching深远的 long-lasting耐用的long-standing由来已久的 never-ending没完没了的smooth-talking花言巧语的 well-meaning好心好意的2.副词+过去分词low-paid低工资的 well-known众所周知的，著名的poorly-written写得很差的 good-tempered脾气好的grey-haired头发灰白的 hand-picked精选的3.名词+现在分词time-consuming耗时的 labor-saving节省劳力的record-breaking创纪录的 labor-saving节省劳动力的man-eating吃人的 mouth-watering令人垂涎的4.名词+过去分词heart-broken极其伤心的 hand-held便携式的hand-picked精选的 home-made家里制作的left-handed惯用左手的 mass-produced成批生产的middle-aged中年的 right-angled直角的5.形容词/数词+名词full-time全职的 white-collar白领阶层的first-rate一流的 high-speed高速five-year五年期的 second-hand二手的6.形容词/数词+名词+edabsent-minded心不在焉的 kind-hearted仁慈的four-legged四条腿的7.数词+名词+形容词five-year-old五岁大的 three-meter-long三米长的two-meter-tall两米高的8.过去分词+副词小品词/介词built-in内置的，嵌入的 grown-up成人的，成熟的9.通过介词或连词进行连接face-to-face面对面的 heart-to-heart坦诚的，推心置腹的life-and-death生死攸关的 state-of-the-art最先进的up-to-date最新的，新式的 down-to-earth务实的，切合实际的wait-and-see观望的【即时训练】写出下列高考真题预料中合成形容词的汉语。1.(2023·全国甲卷)Ittookweeksanditwasbackbreakingwork,butIknowhewasproudofmyskills.2.(2022·新高考I卷)Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.3.(2022·全国甲卷)It’sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway...4.(2022新高考II卷)Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork’shands-freedrivinglaws.5.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.6.(2022·全国乙卷)Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockiesofteninblindingsnowstorms.7.(2022全国乙卷)Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.8.(2022·全国乙卷)Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax...9.(2022全国乙卷)Itisashort-sighteddecision.10.(2022·全国甲卷)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststeptojourneytheBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.11.(2022·浙江1月卷)I’vealwaysbeenindependent-spiritedand1justfeelstronglythatImusthelpanimals.12.(2022·浙江1月卷)Sheearnsabasicandtax-freesalary.13.(2022·浙江6月卷)Subjectswhopracticedthelanguagemoderatelybeforehandmadefewerrorsthanthosewhopracticedextensivelyornotatall.14.(2022·浙江6月卷)Markmanalsopromotesoff-tasktime.15.(2022·天津6月卷)OlderWesternphilosophersandmainstreamlanguageresearchersbelievethisisfact...16.(2022·北京卷)Peer(同伴)AssistedStudySessions(PASS)isapeer-facilitatedlearningprogramavailabletostudentsenrolled(注册)inmostcoreunitsofstudyinourbusinessschool.17.(2021全国乙卷)Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.18.(2021·新高考1卷)It'soneofthebest-ratedhostelsinthecity,andforgoodreason.19.(2021·新高考1卷)Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorup-and-comingconcertpianists,althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.20.(2021·新高考1卷)Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.21.(2021·新高考I卷)Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.22.(2021-浙江6月卷)Seekingotherlike-mindedsouls,however,Paulostartedlookinginasomewhatunlikelyplace:online.23.(2021浙江6月卷)Anysmallinterruption--apricecheck,achattycustomer—canhavedownstreameffects,holdingupanentireline.24.(2021·北京卷)Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.25.(2021·天津3月卷)Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.26.(2020全国I卷)Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.27.(2020·全国I卷)ModelPaigeMorgansays,"Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem..."28.(2020·全国Il卷)Inthiscase,oneofarealistie-lookingape.29.(2020·全国II卷)Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.30.(2020·新高考I卷)MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.31.(2020北京卷)AtthecoreofLancomisaworld-classeffectivemethodthatenhanceslanguagelearningwithadvancedtechnology.32.(2020·北京卷)In2015，scientistsdiscoveredthata10th-centuryEnglishmedicineforeyeproblemscouldkilladrug-resistantvirus.33.(2020·天津卷)Afull-lengthposewouldbemuchtoobigaprojectforayoungwomanyoursize.34.(2019·全国I卷)Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensiveplastic-likeparts.35.(2019·全国I卷)Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.36.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities.37.2019·全国Ⅲ卷)Participateindiscussionforums(论坛),blogsandotheropen-endedforumsfordialogue.38.(2019·浙江卷)Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?39.(2019·天津卷)Tomanypeople,technologymeanscomputers,hand-helddevices,orvehiclesthattraveltodistantplanets.40.(2019·天津卷)...hefoundalmost800studentsliningthehallwayswithhandmadecards,blowingnoisemakersandsingingafull-throatedhappybirthdaytohim.41.(2018·全国I卷)Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.42.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)...whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogramthatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers... 43.(2018·天津卷)Currently,mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste(糊状物)beforeaprintercanusethem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime-consumingbecauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinverycomplexways.【答案速查和提分速记】1.①back(背部)+break(使折断)+-ing→backbreaking非常繁重的，吃力的2.①ground(地)+break(打破)+-ing→打破地面的→ground-breaking开辟新天地的,开拓性的②diet(日常饮食)+related(相关的)→diet-related日常饮食相关的3.jaw(下巴)+drop(使掉下)+-ing→使下巴掉下的→jaw-dropping令人大惊失色的4.hand(手)+free(自由的)→不需要用手拿的→hands-free不需用手操作的5.high(高的)+intensity(强度)high-intensity高强度的6.hair(毛发)+raise(使直立)+-ing→hair-raising使人毛骨悚然的，惊险的7.high(高的)+tension(电压)→high-tension高压的8.milk(奶)+-based(以……为重要部分的)一milk-based以奶为重要部分的9.short(短的)+-sighted(有……视力的)→short-sighted目光短浅的,无远见的10.visually(视觉地)+challenged(伤残的)→visually-challenged视觉有缺陷的11.independent(独立的)+-spirited(有某种精神的)→independent-spirited精神独立的12.tax(税)+-free(没有……的)→tax-free免税的13.before(在……之前)+hand(手)→先下手→beforehand预先，事先14.off(不在……上，离开)+task(任务)→off-task非任务的15.main(主要的)+stream(溪流)→mainstream主流的16.peer(同伴)+facilitate(促进)+-ed→peer-facilitated同伴促进的17.single(单个的)+use(使用)→single-use供一次使用的18.best(最好)+rate(评价,评估)+-ed→best-rated评价最高的19.up(向上)+and+coming(即将到来)→向上的状态即将到来→up-and-coming有前途的20.skill(技能)+-based(以……为基础的)→skill-based基于技能的21.breath(呼吸)+take(带走)+-ing→能够带走人呼吸的→breathtaking激动人心的,令人赞叹的22.like(相似的)+-minded(思维……的)→like-minded想法相同的,志趣相投的23.down(向下)+stream(小河，溪)→顺着河流向下的→downstream引发的，导致的24.under(在……过程中)+way(路线，道路)→underway已经开始,进行25.well(好地)+live(生活，过日子)→well-lived美好的 26.one(一)+off(不会再发生)→oneoff一次性的27.guilt(内疚，罪责)+-free(没有……的)→guilt-free没有负罪感的28.realistic(逼真的，栩栩如生的)+looking(相貌)→realistic-looking相貌逼真的29.sea(海)+dwell(居住)+-ing→sea-dwelling在海上居住的30.well(非常)+rounded(全面的)→well-rounded全面的31.world(世界)+class(等级，级别)→world-class世界级的，世界一流的32.drug(药)+-resistant(耐……的)→drug-resistant耐药的33.full(最大量的)+-length(有……长度的)→full-length全身的34.straight(直接地)+forward(向前)→直接向前,没有曲折→straightforward简单的35.well(充分地)+explore(调查研究,探究)+-ed→well-explored充分研究的36.common(普遍的)+place(地方)→commonplace普遍的37.open(开放的)+end(终点)+-ed→open-ended无限制的,自由的38.well(好)+-intentioned(……意图的)→well-intentioned出于好心的,善意的39.hand(手)+hold(拿，握)→hand-held手提式的,便携式的40.full(最大量的)+-throated(喉部……的)→full-throated声音洪亮的41.on(根据，按照)+demand(需要)→on-demand按需的，点播的42.soil(土壤)+test(检测)+-ing-soil-resting检测土壤的 43.time(时间)+consume(消耗)+-ing→time-consuming耗时间的,费时的考点清单六、形容词句法功能要点精讲1：“系动词+表语”结构中系动词后接形容词作表语，该考点在短文改错中频繁出现应予以重视。这些系动词分三类：①感官类系动词：look,seem,appear,feel,sound,taste,smell②变化类系动词：become,turn,come,go,fall,get③保持证明类系动词：stay,keep,be,remain,prove,turnoutGoodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.Hisdreamofbeingadancerhascometrue.Whathesaidprovedtobecorrectintheend.备注：还有注意一些以a-开头的表语形容词：afraid

害怕的

alike

相同的alive

活着的

alone

单独的ashamed

羞愧的

asleep

睡着的 awake

醒着的

aware

意识到的【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2019·浙江)Schooluniformsare________(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.2.(2018·全国III)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel_________(challenge).3.(2018·浙江)Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybe_________(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.4.(2019·全国II)Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It's_________(wonder).5.(2018·全国I)Runningischeap,easyandit’salways_________(energy).【答案与解析】1.traditional。结合语境应用形容词作表语。故答案是traditional。2.challenged。结合语境应用形容词作表语。feelchallenged表示“感到被挑战”。故答案是challenged。3.affordable。结合语境应用形容词作表语，affordable表示“买得起的”。故答案是affordable。4.wonderful。结合语境应用形容词作表语。故答案是wonderful。5.energetic。结合语境应用形容词作表语，energetic表示“使精力充沛的”。故答案是energetic。要点精讲2：形容词修饰名词作定语是基本用法，此考点在短文改错中经常出现，难度不大，注意审题即可。Doyouknowanyonefamousinthisfield?Iknowanactorsuitableforthepart.

Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.【即时训练】单句改错或在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。6.(2017·全国I)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleontheroad.7.(2019·北京)Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand_____________(meaning)collegeexperience.8.(2017•浙江)Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda_____________(shine)object.【答案与解析】6.suddenly改为sudden。结合语境修饰名词应用形容词。故答案是suddenly改为sudden。7.meaningful。结合语境应用形容词作定语，meaningful表示“有意义的”。故答案是meaningful。8.shining/shiny。结合语境应用形容词作定语，shining/shiny表示“闪光的，发亮的”。故答案是shining/shiny。要点精讲3：形容词作宾语补足语场合示例动词+宾语+形容词（表示变化和结果）Shefoundthedooropen.她发现门是开着的。Pleasesetthebirdfree.请把鸟放掉吧。动词+宾语+形容词（表示意见）Ithoughthimveryintelligent.我认为他们很勤奋。Theyprovedthemselvestalentedandcapable.他们证明自己很有天赋和能力。固定词组做宾语补足语Wekeepthelabcleanandtidy.我们保持实验室干净、整洁。Lyingonthebeachmakesmecomfortable.躺在沙滩上让我感到很舒服。【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。9.Goodfoodkeepsyou__________(health).10.Peoplefoundtheboy__________(honesty).11.Doyouthinkit__________(necessity)totellherthetruth?12.Hewasnearlydriven__________(mad)byhistroubles.13.1.Ilikelisteningtomusicbecauseitmakesme__________(relax).【答案与解析】9.healthy。keepsbhealthy使某人保持健康。10.honest。findsbhonest认为某人是诚实的。11.necessary。thinkitnecessaryforsbtodosth认为……是必要的。12.madness。drivesbmad让某人发疯。13.relaxed。makesbrelaxed让某人放松。考点清单七、形容词副词语境辨析形容词副词语境辨析能力四高考英语基本要求之一，具体体现在单项填空、完形填空、短文改错中。辨析的技巧包括：一看汉语意思，二看固定搭配，三看行文逻辑。【即时训练】从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.I’mso______toallthosevolunteersbecausetheyhelpedmyterribledayendhappily.A.special B.superior C.grateful D.attractive2.Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople'shomeeither______orthroughtheircompanies.A.legally B.sincerely C.personally D.deliberately3.Thegirlusedtobeshy,butis____gettingactiveingroupworkandismorewillingtoexpressherself.A.gradually B.usually C.previously D.merely4.Eventhoughtheconferencehallisnearhisapartment,hehastohurryalittleifhewantstobe_____.A.accurate B.punctual C.efficient D.reasonable5.Idon’tthinkwhathesaidis_____tothetopicwearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint.A.faithful B.parallel C.relevant