专题40 阅读理解之推理判断题（练案）原卷版

1/25高考一轮复习知识清单专题40阅读理解之推理判断题（练案）原卷版（高考考情+思维导图+真题演练+名校模拟）目录一、阅读理解猜测词义题高考考情P1二、阅读理解猜测词义题思维导图P2三、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练（片段式）10例P2四、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟（片段式）10例P4五、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟（21篇）P6【名校模拟一：态度推断题】P6【名校模拟二：预测下段题】P9【名校模拟三：文体推断题】P19【名校模拟四：文章出处题】P14【名校模拟五：写作意图题】P16【名校模拟六：活动评价题】P19【名校模拟七：写作手法题】P22一、阅读理解推理判断题高考考情2022-2024高考阅读理解考点统计卷别细节理解题推理判断题推理判断题主旨大意题2024新课标I卷91412024新课标II卷91412023新课标I卷61712023新课标II卷61712022新课标I卷82412022新课标II卷82412024全国甲卷71612023全国甲卷81512023全国乙卷51812022全国甲卷81332022全国乙卷10131二、阅读理解推理判断题思维导图三、阅读理解推理判断题真题演练（片段式）【真题演练01】(2022新课标I卷第24题)Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste. B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat. D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.【真题演练02】(2022新课标I卷第28题)Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.【真题演练03】(2022新课标I卷第31题)WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itiswellreceived. B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable. D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.【真题演练04】(2022新课标II卷第28题)Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.【真题演练05】(2022新课标II卷第35题)Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine’sfindingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.35.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?A.Makinguseofthefindings. B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.C.Conductingfurtherresearch. D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.【真题演练06】(2022全国甲卷第35题)Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C.modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.【真题演练07】(2022全国乙卷第25题)Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect. B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids. D.Theysufferedseverehardships.【真题演练08】(2022全国乙卷第35题)Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（设施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision. B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers. D.Itupsetscustomers.【真题演练09】(2021新课标I卷第33题)Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule. B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact. D.Tomakeaprediction.【真题演练10】(2021新课标I卷第33题)Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.四、阅读理解推理判断题名校模拟（片段式）【名校模拟01】Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿),anddeath.Frankly,I’msickofallthisbadnews.1.Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.A.complain B.apologize C.amuse D.inform【名校模拟02】Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withouthumorwewouldfindourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingcrazy.Thereistoomuchsadnessinthispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.2.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthepresentworld?A.Positive B.Critical C.Satisfied D.Indifferent【名校模拟03】Thetheoriesofmodernpsychologyhavesteppedintoarguethatwemustunderstandtheneedsofourchildren.Childrenarenotjustsmalladults;theyarechildrenwhomustberespectedassuch.Well,youmaysay,thisisasitshouldbe,andagoodidea.Butthinkfurther.Whathappens?“Education”becomestheresponsibilitynotofteachers,butofpsychologists.Whathappensthen?3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthetheoriesofmodernpsychology?A.UninterestedB.TolerantC.Satisfied D.Critical【名校模拟04】Newtechnologylinkstheworldasneverbefore.Ourplanethasbecomesmaller.It’snowa“globalvillage”wherecountriesareonlysecondsawaybyfaxorphoneorsatellitelink.And,ofcourse,ourabilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunicationsequipmentisgreatlyincreasedbyforeignlanguageskills.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardhigh-techcommunicationsequipment?A.Critical B.Prejudiced C.Indifferent. D.Positive【名校模拟05】(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ·D片段)Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport，theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.【名校模拟06】Yogaisanancientpracticethathelpscreateasenseofunioninbody,mindandspirit.Itbringsusbalance.Afteralongtimeofpracticeyoga,younolongerjustpracticeityouliveit.Yogabecomespartofyourphysicallife.Yourbodygrowsstronger,moretoned,andmoreflexibleasyoumovefromoneasanaorposetoanother…Yogabecomespartofyourmentallife.Yogateachesyoutofocusonbreathingwhileyouholdtheposes.Thisattentiontobreathiscalming;itdissolvesstressandanxiety...6.Whatwillbetalkedaboutifthispassagecontinues?A.Yogabecomingpartofyourspirituallife.B.Yogabecomingpopularallovertheworld.C.Thedisadvantagesofyoga. D.Encouragingpeopletodoyoga.【名校模拟07】Duringthecourse1970s,peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever.Then,windwasrediscovered,thoughitmeanshighercoasts.Today,thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.7.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Theadvantageofwindpower. B.Thedesignofwindpowerplants.C.Theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy.D.Theglobaltrendtowardsproducingpowerfromwind.【名校模拟08】“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.8.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwaves B.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportance D.invitethereaderstoanswerthem【名校模拟09】Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.The

researcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandis

mostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthe

nearfuture.9.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook. C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.【名校模拟10】Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.10.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto_________.A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths B.assessstudents’publicspeakingskillsC.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD.inspirestudents’loveforpolitics五、阅读理解推理判断题名校模拟（21篇）【名校模拟一：态度推断题】（2024·浙江·模拟预测）AsmallstudypublishedWednesdaydocumentssignificantlyrestoredhearinginfiveofsixkidstreatedinChina.“Hearinglossishardtorecover.That’swhywewerealwaystryingtodevelopatherapy(疗法),”saidZheng-YiChen,aseniorauthorofthestudy.Globally,34millionchildrenhavedeafnessorhearingloss,andgenesareresponsibleforupto60%ofcases.Allthechildrenintheexperimentshaveaconditionthataccountsfor2%to8%ofinherited(遗传的)deafness.It’scausedbymutations(变异)inageneresponsibleforaninnerearproteincalledotoferlin,whichhelpshaircellstransmitsoundtothebrain.ThetherapyofChen’steamdeliversafunctionalcopyofthatgenetotheinnerearduringasurgery.Itcausednomajorsideeffects.Theyobservedthechildrenforaboutsixmonthsandcapturedpatients’progressinvideos.Oneshowsalittlegirl13weeksaftertreatmentrepeatingfather,mother,grandmother,sisterand“Iloveyou.”Theydon’tknowwhythetreatmentdidn’tworkinoneofthem.Butthefiveothers,whopreviouslyhadcompletedeafness,cannowheararegularconversationandtalkwithothers.Priorresultsfromotherresearcheshavebeenjustaspositive.ThePhiladelphiahospitalreportedthattheirpatient,AissamDam,isnowabletohearhisfather’svoiceandcarsontheroad.Dr.JohnGermiller,wholedtheresearchinPhiladelphiasaid,“Hishearingisimprovedfromastateofcompletedeafnesswithnosoundatalltothelevelofmildhearingloss.”ColumbiaUniversity’sDr.LawrenceLustigsaid,“Althoughthechildreninthesestudiesdon’twindupwithperfecthearing,evenamildhearinglossrecoveryinthesekidsisprettyastonishing.”Still,headded,“Manyquestionsremain,suchashowlongthetherapieswilllastandwhetherhearingwillcontinuetoimproveinthekids.”1．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．TheresultofChen’stherapy. B．Theimpactofgenemutations.C．Thetroubleofcuringhearingloss. D．Theanalysisofchildren’sdeafness.2．Whatdomostparticipantsinthetworesearcheshaveincommon?A．Theyshowedpositiveresponsetothetherapy. B．Theirpowerofspeechwaspartiallyregained.C．Theirimprovementswererecordedbyvideos. D．Theyhadmildhearinglossafterthetreatment.3．WhatisDr.LawrenceLustig’sattitudetowardthetherapy?A．Dismissive. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．GeneTherapy:AHopefortheDeafB．DeafChildren:AConcernofSocietyC．Chen’sResearch:ABreakthroughinSurgeryD．InheritedDeafness:AChallengeforTreatment（2024·重庆·三模）Handwritingnotesinclassmightseemoutdatedassmartphonesandotherdigitaltechnologycovereveryaspectoflearningacrossschoolsanduniversities.Butasteadystreamofresearchcontinuestosuggestthattakingnotesthetraditionalwayisstillthebestwaytolearn,especiallyforyoungchildren.Andnowscientistsarefinallyzeroinginonwhy.Thenewresearch,byAudreyvanderMeerandRuudvanderWeelattheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology(NTNU),buildsonafoundational2014studysuggestingthatpeopletakingnotesbycomputerweretypingwithoutthinking.“Itkindofgoesinthroughyourearsandcomesoutthroughyourfingertips,butyoudon’tprocesstheincominginformation,”shesays.Butwhentakingnotesbyhand,it’softenimpossibletowriteeverythingdown;studentshavetoactivelypayattentiontotheincominginformationandprocessit—prioritizeit,consolidateitandtrytorelateittothingsthey’velearnedbefore.Thisconsciousactionofbuildingontoexistingknowledgecanmakeiteasiertostayengagedandgraspnewconcepts.Tounderstandspecificbrainactivitydifferencesduringthetwonote-takingapproaches,theresearcherssewedelectrodes(电极)intoahairnetwith256sensorsthatrecordedthebrainactivityof36studentsastheywroteortyped15wordsfromthegamePictionarythatweredisplayedonascreen.Whenstudentswrotethewordsbyhand,thesensorsdetectedwidespreadconnectivityacrossmanybrainregions.Typing,however,ledtominimalactivity,ifany,inthesameareas.Handwritingsetoffconnectionpatternscoveringvisualregions,whichreceiveandprocesssensoryinformation,andthemotorcortex(运动皮层).Thelatterhandlesbodymovementandsensorimotorintegration,whichhelpsthebrainuseenvironmentalinputstoinformaperson’snextaction.SophiaVinci-Booher,anassistantprofessorofeducationalbrainscienceatVanderbiltUniversity,says,“Peoplemaynotrealizewhentheymaterializesomethingbywritingordrawingit,thisstrengthenstheconceptandhelpsitstickintheirmemory.”5．Whatdoweknowaboutthenewresearch?A．Itisaninitialstudyonnote-taking. B．Itoffersanewnote-takingmethod.C．Itfindstheevidenceforpreviousfinding. D．Itintroduceshowtotakenoteseffectively.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“consolidate”probablymeaninparagraph2?A．Integrate. B．Demonstrate. C．Obtain. D．Share.7．Whathappensinthebrainwhentakingnotesbyhand?A．Visualsystemsarelackinginactivities. B．Somebrainareasarehighlyinvolved.C．Sensoryinformationisprocessedrapidly. D．Themotorcortexacceptsvisualinformation.8．WhatisSophiaVinci-Booher’sattitudetowardsthenewresearch?A．Approving. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.（2024·河南·模拟预测）LeoWalshparticipatedinthedesignoftheminivan,akindofvehicle,whichrevolutionizedthewayfamiliestraveled40yearsagotogenerationsofAmericans.AftergraduatingfromVirginiaTechwithadegreeinengineeringin1956.WalshwashiredbyChryslerinDetroit.“ThatwasthebestdecisionIevermade,becauseifI’dgonetoGM,Icouldhavebeenlostinabighurry,”Walshsaid.Theengineerprovedhisabilitywhilemaking$485amonth.“IwastheyoungestchiefengineeratChrysleratthattime,”Walshrecalled.Walshwasapproachedbythemanagerin1976todesignavehicleunlikeanyother.Walsh’steamdidn’twastetime.“Wedesignedaprototype(原型)bycuttingdownthebigvans,”Walshexplained.ButtheplansWalshledwouldsitonashelfcollectingdust.“Wekeptprovingthatitwasworkablethroughtheprototypes,”Walshsaid.Theneightyearslater,Chrysler’snewCEOLeeIacoccagreenlightedtheproject.“Hethoughtitwasaproductthatneededtobeonthemarket,”Walshsaid.“Itwasdecidedtoproduceitin1984.”Withitsextracargo(货物)spaceandroominessforpassengers,theChryslerminivanwasaninstanthit.“ItbecamethecashcowofChryslerCorporation,”Walshsaid.After32yearsinChrysler,Walshretiredin1988justfouryearsafterthefirstminivanwasproduced.“Theworld’sbestminivansandthatistrue,”Walshsaid.“Itwasalandmarkvehicle.”2024marksthe40thanniversaryoftheminivan,provinggoodideasgetgoodgasmileage.The93-year-olddoesn’ttakecreditfortheminivan.TothisdayWalshsingshighpraiseforhistalentedteam.Admirably,theretiredengineerhelpedintroduceanewwayofdriving.“Ienjoyedeveryminuteofthosejobs.ThatisallIhavegottosay,”Walshsaid.“Ienjoyedeveryminuteofmycareer.Iamveryfortunatetobethereatthebeginning.”9．WhatcanweinferaboutWalshfromparagraph2?A．HeoncehadtheideaofworkingforGM. B．Hewasn’tvaluedinthecompanyinitially.C．HejoinedChryslertodesigntheminivan. D．Helearntengineeringbecausehewaspoor.10．WhatwastheattitudeoftheCEOsbeforeLeeIacoccatoWalsh’sprototype?A．Unclear. B．Approving. C．Tolerant. D．Dismissive.11．WhichbestdescribesWalshasateamleader?A．Strict. B．Modest. C．Ambitious. D．Humorous.12．WhatcanwelearnfromWalsh’sstory?A．Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill. B．Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.C．Yoursuccesscomesfromlovingwhatyoudo. D．Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.【名校模拟二：预测下段题】（2024·河北·模拟预测）Haveyouheardyourselfsay“itwasnothingreally”whensomeonecongratulatesyouonajobwelldone?Orwhenyouareaskedtomakealistofwhatyouhaveachieved,youdrawablank?Maybeyouhavesuccessamnesia.Failingtoacknowledgeyourhardworkisoftenasignof“successamnesia”.Peoplewithsuccessamnesiaareoftensuccessfulyettheyfinditdifficulttoadmitachievements.Theyarepeoplewhootherswoulddescribeassuccessfulandyettheyfinditdifficulttoacknowledgetheirresults.Successamnesiarobsthemofthesatisfyingsensethatcanhelpthemachieveagoal.And,perhapsmoreimportantly,itrobsthemofconfidence.Confidencedoesnotguaranteesuccess,butitdoesincreasesthechancesofsuccess.Thinkoftheclassicchildren’sstory,TheLittleEngineThatCould.TheLittleBlueEnginecomestotherescueofabroken-downtrain,workinghardtopullthestranded(搁浅的)goodsupandoveramountain.Asshemovesupwards,shecontinuouslysays“IthinkIcan”,andfinallyshemakesittothemountaintopandbeginsdownwards.Imagineyouwillthrowa50thbirthdaycelebrationforyourpartner.Ifyouapproachthetaskwith“IthinkIcan”inyourmind,thenyou’relikelytotackleitwithenergy.Youmightnothavedoneanythingsimilarbefore,butyoutrustyourselftoworkitout.Youholdmeetingstogatherideasandworkoutaplan.Approachingthetaskwithyourheadfullof“Ican’tdothis”,ontheotherhand,wouldlikelyresultinmorehesitantsteps.It’sdifficulttogettheworkfinishedwhenyouholdthebeliefthatthetaskisbeyondyou.Confidencefuelssuccessandsuccessfuelsconfidence.Ourachievementsprovideuswithevidenceofwhatwe’recapableof,increasingourself-beliefandfuelingourconfidencetodomore.Successamnesiareducesconfidence.Toboostone’sconfidence,itisnecessarytotacklesuccessamnesia.1．Whichstudentmayhave“successamnesia”?A．Onewillingtohelpothers. B．Onerefusingtoadmithismistake.C．Onethinkinglittleofhisachievements. D．Onespeakinghighlyofhisowncomposition.2．WhyisthestoryTheLittleEngineThatCouldmentionedinparagraph3?A．Toexplainthereasonbehindsuccessamnesia.B．TopraisetheperseveranceofTheLittleBlueEngine.C．Togiveanexamplethatconfidencecanguaranteesuccess.D．Toprovethatoneismorelikelytosucceedwithconfidence.3．HowisParagraph4developed?A．Bycitingarealcase. B．Bypresentingsupportingfacts.C．Byanalyzingcontributingfactors. D．Byshowingcomparisonandcontrast.4．Whatwillbepresentedinthefollowingparagraph?A．Waystodealwithsuccessamnesia,B．Differentopinionsonsuccessamnesia.C．Scientificresearchintosuccessamnesia.D．Possibleconsequencesofsuccessamnesia（2024·江西南昌·三模）Thegoalofthisbookistointroducesomeofthecognitive(认知的)prejudiceswehave—andhowmisunderstandingscancloudourjudgmentandaffectthepeoplearoundus.Thisbookalsoguidesusonhowtodoourbesttocorrectthesethinkingtraps.Herearesomeexamples.Thefirstoneisthatwetendtobeoverconfidentinourabilitieswithoutenoughevidence.Thiscanleadus,forexample,tomessupcareer-changingpresentationsbecauseoflackingpreparation,orgreatlyunderestimatethetimewemayspendcompletingtheprojects.Wecancorrectthispropensitybytryingitoutourselves.Thiswillquicklyputanyfeelingsofoverconfidencetorestorfightthistrendbyover-preparingandconsideringpotentialproblemsinadvance.Forexample,ifwe’redecoratingourhomesandhavenoideahowlongitwilltake,talktofriendswhowentthrougharecentcaseorconsultwithafewexpertstounderstandthetimetheprojectcostsandwhatproblemsmayarise.Another,whichcanbedangerous,isthatwearelikelytofocusalotmoreofourattentiononnegativeeventsthanpositiveones.Itexplainswhyafriend’sunenthusiasticreviewofawell-knownmoviemightleadustowatchsomethingelse.Thistendencycanholdusbackfrommakingadecisionaboutsomething,sayabigpurchaselikeahouse,outoffeartherewasonceanegativeeventassociatedwithanotherwisegoodchoice.Thereareseveralsuggestionshere.Initially,whenmakingachoice,stressthepositiveaspectsofouroptions.Sellersusethisapproachallthetime.Forexample,insteadofsayingthebeefcontains11%fat,theylabelitisas89%lean(纯瘦肉的).Thesearebothtrueandaccuratedescriptionsofthesameproductbutdescribingitfromtheoppositeofitcanmakeitamoreattractivechoiceforbuyersconcernedwithfatintake.5．Whatisthebookaimedat?A．Teachingsocialskills. B．Changingthinkingmode.C．Solvingphysicalproblems. D．Promotingreflectivelearning.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“propensity”meaninparagraph3?A．Tradition B．Over-preparationC．Collection D．Tendency7．Whatistheharmofprejudiceaccordingtoparagraph4?A．Buyinguselessthings. B．Messinguppresentations.C．Missingbigopportunities. D．Avoidingmakingdecisions.8．Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A．Analyzingreasons. B．Givingexamples.C．Addingsuggestions. D．Makingcontrasts.（2024·湖北·三模）Everyyear,some2.3millionwomenandmenaroundtheworlddiedfromwork-relatedaccidentsordiseases—that’smorethan8,000deathseverysingleday—andatleast402millionpeoplesufferfromnon-fataloccupationalinjuries.Thenumberisenormousintermsofpersonaltragedyandhardship.Anditcomeswithahugeeconomicloss.Itisestimatedthatoccupationalaccidentsanddiseasesleadtoa5.4percentlossofannualglobalGDP.AsafeandhealthyworkingenvironmentissoimportantthatinJune2022theILO(InternationalLaborOrganization)tookahistoricstepwhenitaddedasafeandhealthyworkingenvironmenttoitsFundamentalPrinciplesandRightsatWork.Whydoesthismatter?Itmattersbecauseoccupationalsafetyandhealthcannownolongerbeviewedasanoptionalextra.AlloftheILO’s186memberstatesarenowrequiredtorespect,promoteandachieveasafeandhealthyworkingenvironmentasafundamentalprin