专题06 动词时态语态(过去时)（讲案） 原卷版

高考一轮复习知识清单专题06动词时态语态用法(过去时)（讲案）原卷版（快问快答+考点细目+精讲精练+真题分层+作文升格+原创语填）目录一、动词时态语态用法快问快答P1二、动词时态语态用法五年高考真题细目表P2三、动词时态语态用法考点清单P2考点清单六、一般过去时七种典型用法(表解)P2考点清单七、过去进行时五种典型用法(表解)P3考点清单八、过去完成时六种典型用法(表解)P4考点清单九、过去将来时四种典型用法(表解)P5四、动词时态语态用法分类通关P5分类通关（一）单句填空(高考真题2021-2024)P5分类通关（二）单句填空(经典模拟2017-2020)P5分类通关（三）动词时态语态助力应用文写作P7分类通关（四）动词时态语态助力读后续写升格P7分类通关（五）语法填空（外刊原创）P8野营正成为乡村旅游新时尚P8一、动词时态语态用法快问快答Q1：判断动词时态语态有哪些小窍门？A1：最可靠的做法是掌握每种时态的使用场合和标志性词汇、短语，做到有的放矢。Q2：如何确定动词的语态？A2：一方面，需要注意根据语境确定是否应用被动语态，另一方面需要抓住关键性标志，如介词by引起动作的发出者。Q3：如何确定各种从句的时态？A3：如果是状语从句，需要考虑“主将从现”；如果是宾语从句要考虑主从句时态照应；有时像suggest,recommend从句还应考虑虚拟语气用法。Q4：应用文写作遇到动词时态怎么把握？A4：书信类应用文要结合其内容来确定具体时态乃至语态。如邀请信和通知要使用一般将来时；感谢信和道歉信要使用一般过去时；人物介绍和地点介绍要使用一般现在时。Q5：如何才能学好动词时态语态？A5：一是努力掌握基本知识框架，二是加强训练和背诵，积少成多，学以致用。二、动词时态语态五年真题细目表卷别现在时过去时将来时（含被动）2024新课标II卷were；wasbuilt2024全国甲卷were(should)bedone2023新高考II卷wished2023全国甲卷become改为becomesmake→made(can)beemployed2023全国乙卷wasamazed2023全国北京卷hasestablishedhadarrivedwouldthrow2022新高考I卷isdesignedwere2022新高考II卷werefixing;threw2022全国甲卷haswalkedwas-were;become-became2022全国乙卷lives-live;去掉have后的beenaddressed2022北京卷has;hasincreased2021新高考I卷was2021新高考II卷was2021全国甲卷are改为iswasbuilt;hired2021全国乙卷删去are2021北京卷connects2020全国I卷means;isconstructedtouched2020全国II卷carriesstart改为started2020全国III卷had改成havepointed(would)bechosen2020新高考卷arecalled;isformed2019全国I卷hasreported；are2019全国II卷havemadedeclared2019全国III卷required改为requiresrecommended；wereinvited2019北京卷voiced三、动词时态语态用法考点清单考点清单六、一般过去时七种典型用法用法标志示例1.表示过去已发生的动作，并有明确的时间状语。yesterday,lastweek,in2023Myfatherwasverybusylastweek.我父亲上周很忙。Wherewereyouyesterday?你昨天在哪儿？2.表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作，常与often等频度副词连用。often，usually，seldom，usedtoThemanusedtosmokealot.那人过去烟瘾很重。Mrs.Peteralwayscarriedanumbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。3.Iwishthat…(与现在事实相反)Iwishthat…IwishIwastenyearsyounger.我但愿年轻10岁。IwishIcouldspeakyourlanguage.但愿我能讲你们国家的话。4.Itis(high)timethat…Itis(high)timethat…It'shigh/abouttimeyouboughtanewcar.你该买辆新车了。5.Iwouldratherthat…(与现在、将来事实相反)Iwouldratherthat…I'dratheryouwenttomorrow.我宁愿你明天去。Iwouldratheryoudidn’tmentionthepricenow.我宁愿你现在别提价钱。6.Ifonly…(与现在事实相反)Ifonly…Ifonlylknewtheanswertoyourquestion.我但愿知道你的问题的答案。7.If….从句(与现在事实相反)If….,Iwould…IfIwereTom,Iwouldrefuse.如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit_____________(come)onthemarketin1973.2.(2013安徽)I’mcallingabouttheapartmentyou_____________(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?3.(2013福建)Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,_____________(invite)toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.4.(2017·江苏)ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which_____________(be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.5.(2015湖南)Ihadastrongdesiretoreachinandplaywiththetoy,but_____________(hold)backthankfullybytheshopwindow.6.Thethreeofus_____________(travel)aroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.7.(2019全国II)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene_____________(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.8.HowIwisheveryfamily_____________(have)alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!9.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_____________(break).10.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathe_____________(do)somethinginsteadofjusttalking.11.Sorry,I’mtoobusynow.IfI_____________(have)time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.12.Iwishit_____________(be)werespringallyearround.考点清单七、过去进行时五种典型用法用法标志示例1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，有时间状语暗示。at7:00lastnightWewerewatchingTVfromseventoninelastnight.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。2.表示过去一段时间内频繁发生或一直进行的动作。thismorning,yesterdayThemanusedtosmokealot.那人过去烟瘾很重。Mrs.Peteralwayscarriedanumbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。3.come,leave等瞬间动词过去进行时表示将要发生动作。go,come,leaveIwishIwastenyearsyounger.我但愿年轻10岁。IwishIcouldspeakRussian.但愿我能讲俄语。4.与as,when,while等状语从句呼应，表示另一动作发生的背景as,when,whileItwasraininghardwhenIleftschool.当我离开学校时，天在下大雨。IwasreadingthenewspaperwhileIwaswaitingforthebus.我一边看报纸，一边等公交车。5.always,constantly等频度副词与过去进行时连用表示赞扬，抱怨等感情色彩always,constantly，continuallyShewasalwayschanginghermind.她总是改变主意。Inthepasthewasconstantlyaskingmeformoney.过去他总是不停要钱。【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.Hermother_____________(cook)inthekitchenatthistimeyesterday.2.I’dliketoknowwhatyou______________(do)at9:00lastnight.3.Wewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit_____________(decorate).4.(2014四川)She_____________(phone)someone,soInoddedtoherandwentaway.5.Jim_____________(watch)alatenightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.6.I_____________(clean)thestreetsinourneighborhoodthistimeyesterdaywhenyoucalledme.7.Duringtheperiodofrecentterroristactivities,people_____________(alwayswarn)nottotouchanyunattendedbag.8.(2015湖南)HemusthavesensedthatI_____________(look)athim.Hesuddenlyglancedatmeandsaidquietly,"Whyareyoustaringatmelikethat?"9.(2016北京)Jack_____________(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.10.He_____________(help)hisfatheronthefarmthewholeafternoonlastSaturday.考点清单八、过去完成时六种典型用法用法标志示例1.表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。by,bytheendof,bythetime…By5:00yesterdaymorningwehaddonethatwork.到昨天早上5点，我们已经完成了那项工作。2.表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。before,until,when,thanIhadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.在我进入大学之前，我已经学会了5000个单词。3.intend等动词过去完成时可以用来表示一个本来打算做而未做的事。mean,hope,want,plan,expect,thinkIhadintendedtocallonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.我本来打算去拜访你，但被阻止了。4.Itwasthefirsttimethat…句型that从句用过去完成时。first/second…Itwasthefourthtimeshehadshoppedonlineforhours.这是她连续几个小时第四次在网上购物。5.hardly…when…和nosooner…than…句型hardly+when;sooner+thanShehardlyhadgonetobedwhenthebellrang.她刚一上床铃声就响了。Nosoonerhadtheyleftthebuildingthanabombexploded.他们刚离开大楼，一枚炸弹就爆炸了。6.If虚拟条件句，Iwish…,Ifonly…,I’dratherthat…表示与过去事实相反Iwish…,Ifonly…,I’dratherthat…IfIhadleftsooner，Iwouldhavebeenontime.要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。IfonlyIhadlistenedtomyparents!我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2014山东)Writingoutalltheinvitationsbyhandwasmoretime-consumingthanwe____________(expect).2.(2015安徽)JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI_____________(leave)mybankinthecafe.3.(2016浙江)Silk___________(become)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.4.(2017北京)Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones__________(notinvent)yet.5.I_____________(plan)tohelpyoubutcouldn’tgethereintime.6.(2019天津)I________(hope)tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage，butIcouldn'tmanageit.7.I___________(intend)tocallonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.8.Therewasaknockonthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeone_____________(interrupt)methatevening.9.Thatwasthefirsttimeshe_____________(leave)aloneathomeduringtheweekends,boredtodeath.10.Itwasthefourthtimeshe_____________(shop)onlineforhours.11.She________nosooner_________(get)totheofficethanshegotdowntowritingthereport.12.HardlyhadIarrivedhomewhenthetelephone_____________(ring).13.(2018天津)Ifwe_____________(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeach.14.HowIwishI_____________(buy)thatskirtwhenitwasavailable!Ugh!Iregretiteverytime.15.(2015北京)—DidyouhavedifficultyfindingAnn'house?—Notreally.She_____________(give)uscleardirectionsandwewereabletofinditeasily.考点清单九、过去将来时四种典型用法项目用法示例1.should/would+动词原形从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作，多用于主从复合句中。Hesaidtheywouldarrangeaparty.他说他们要安排聚会。HeaskedmeyesterdaywhenIshouldleaveforParis.昨天他问我何时动身去巴黎。2.was/wereabouttodo…when…表示“正要……这时发生另一件事”。Iwasabouttostartwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.我正要开始这时天下雨了。3.was/werecoming…go,comeleave等动词过去进行时博士将要发生的动作。Ididn’tknowhewascominguntilthismorning.直到今天上午我才知道他要来。4.was/weretodo强调计划性，“将要做某事”。Tomwasn'tworriedabouthisheadinjury,butitwastobetroublesomeforhimlater.汤姆不担心他头部的伤，但是以后这损伤必将给他带来麻烦。【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.Didyoupredictthatmanystudents_____________(sign)upforthedancecompetition?2.Hewasabouttogotobed________therewasaknockonthedoor.3.Whenhe_____________(open)thedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.4.(2015陕西)Atcollege,BarackObamadidn’tknowthathe_____________(become)thefirstblackpresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.5.Iwishhe__________(go)withmetothecinematonight.6.IfIhadachancetostudyabroad,I__________(study)atCambridgeUniversity.7.IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,he________(be)abletospeakitmuchbetternow.8.Ifthecaptainhadbeenmorecareful,hisship_____________(sink).9.(2019江苏)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe_____________(have)agoodtimetogether.10.Iwasn'tsurewhetherhe___________(lend)mehisbookthenextmorning.四、动词时态语态用法分类通关分类通关（一）高考真题【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2024新课标II卷)SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingabout__________(be)alsoShakespeare’sconcerns.2.(2024新课标II卷)Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,inspiredbyThePeonyPavilion,__________(build)attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.3.(2024全国甲卷)They__________(be)partofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.4.（2023新高考II卷）Asalittlegirl,I(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.5.（2023全国乙卷）Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.6.(2022全国乙)ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety__________(address)theopeningceremony.“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,..”hesaid.7.(2022新高考I)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat__________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.8.(2022新高考II)Henry__________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.9.(2021·全国甲)TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It__________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored.10.(2021全国甲)We__________(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.分类通关（二）高考真题【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2021新高考I)Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit__________(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.2.(2020全国I)TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess__________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.3.(2020全国III)Theartistwassurehewould__________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.4.(2020新高考)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,________(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.5.(2020浙江卷)Byabout6000BC,people_________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.6.(2019江苏)AfewmonthsafterhehadarrivedinChina,Mr.Smith___________(fall)inlovewiththepeopleandculturethere.7.(2018北京)Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey___________(drive)afewmorekilometers.8.(2018江苏)I

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pasttwoyears.9.(2018北京)Susanhadquitherwell-paidjoband_________(work)asavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.10.(2017北京)Ifthenewsafetysystem______________(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.11.(2018北京)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.12.(2017天津)I________(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.13.(2017江苏)Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe___________(follow).分类通关（三）动词时态语态助力应用文写作书面表达句式升级：请运用准确动词时态语（过去时）态翻译下列各句。1.(2024课标I卷)我们的任务是画一些给我们印象最深的东西。_________________________________________________________________________________2.(2024课标I卷)总之，这不仅仅是一堂艺术课；这是我真正珍惜的与大自然相连的时刻。_________________________________________________________________________________3.(2023全国甲卷)孔子游历全国，把自己的智慧传授给无数弟子，给中国社会留下了深刻的影响。_________________________________________________________________________________4.(2023全国乙卷)当我上小学的时候，我有机会参加学校举办的音乐比赛。_________________________________________________________________________________5.(2023全国乙卷)那是我第一次观看现场音乐表演。_________________________________________________________________________________6.(2022全国乙卷)总之，我们早该采取措施来保护海洋。_________________________________________________________________________________7.(2022新高考I卷)TalkandTalk栏目成立十年了。_________________________________________________________________________________8.(2021全国I卷)上个月我考试不及格情绪低落，她轻拍我的肩膀给我巨大鼓励。_________________________________________________________________________________9.(2021全国II卷)上周末学生会组织一群志愿者去希望农场帮助农民采摘桃子。_________________________________________________________________________________10.(2021新高考I卷)这个活动受到高度评价，因为他给我们提供锻炼机会，还能让我们更合作。_________________________________________________________________________________分类通关（四）动词时态语态助力读后续写升格1.(2024课标I卷)我又向他露出抱歉的微笑，恳求他延期付款。_________________________________________________________________________________2.(2024课标I卷)我坚定地和他握手，然后跳下车，疯狂地向公共汽车跑去，在公共汽车出发前跳上了公共汽车。_________________________________________________________________________________3.(2024课标I卷)我告诉他，多亏了他的慷慨和及时的帮助，一切都很顺利。_________________________________________________________________________________4.(2024课标I卷)我还送给他一件我在布拉格买的很有吸引力的纪念品，他欣然接受了。_________________________________________________________________________________5.(2024浙江1月卷)老师注意到了她的努力，称赞了她的创新思维。_________________________________________________________________________________6.(2024浙江1月卷)她每走一步，都给那些追随她的人留下了灵感的遗产。_________________________________________________________________________________7.(2023课标I卷)我被告知我在写作比赛中获得了一等奖，两天后将有颁奖典礼。_________________________________________________________________________________8.(2023课标I卷)当我被邀请上台领奖时，我对我的老师表示感谢。_________________________________________________________________________________9.(2023课标I卷)颁奖典礼结束后，我去了老师的办公室。我的老师在等我。__________________________________________________________________________