浙江省杭州市七彩阳光新高考研究联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期开学英语试题（解析版）

绝密★考试结束前2024学年第一学期浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟返校联考高三英语试题考生须知：1.本试题卷共8页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号。3.所有答案必须写在答题卷上，写在试卷上无效。4.考试结束后，只需上交答题卷。第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1What’sprobablythewoman’sjob?A.Ahotelreceptionist.B.Alibrarian.C.Acustomsofficer.2.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A.Tomakeanapplication.B.Togiveinformation.C.Toansweraquestion.3.HowdoesLindafeel?A.Confused.B.Surprised.C.Shocked.4.WhatmakesJimhurry?A.Attendingalecture.B.Doingbusiness.C.Meetingassistants.5.Whichdoesthemanprefer?A.Beefstew.B.Friedeggs.C.Fishsoup.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthewomandislike?A.Playingfootball.B.Watchingfootball.C.Goingskating.7.Howoftendoesthemanskate?A.Never.B.Occasionally.C.Regularly.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inahotel.C.Athome.9.Whatseemstobetheproblemforthewoman?A.Shewasovercharged.B.Shegotthewrongfood.C.Shelostthebill.10.Howistheman’sservice?A.Disappointing.B.Annoying.C.Satisfying.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Brotherandsister.C.Teacherandstudent.12.Howistheman’swayofdescribingthemathproblem?A.Amusing.B.Simple.C.Complicated.13.WhatdoesMr.Williamsteach?A.Maths.B.History.C.English.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.What’sthewomandoing?A.Hostingaprogram.B.Organizingameeting.C.Treatingaguest.15.Whatmakestheman’steadifferent?A.Beingblended.B.Beingpure.C.Beingprocessed.16.Whydoesthecompanybuytheirteadirectlyfromthegrowers?A.Toreducetheprice.B.Toguidethegrowers.C.Totrackthegrowingprocess.17.Whatwillthemantalkaboutintheend?A.Thesourceoftheirtea.B.Thekindsoftheirtea.C.Thecharacteristicsoftheirtea.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Atradition.B.Aperformance.C.Chinatown.19.Whowillmakespeechesinthegathering?A.Railroadworkers.B.Entertainers.C.Governmentofficials.20.Whatwillpeopledoaftertheafternoonperformance?A.Buyclothes.B.Havedinner.C.Visitthemuseum.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。ANationalGalleryofArt:What’sOn?TheAnxiousEye:GermanExpressionismandItsLegacyNOWONVIEWFebruary11—May27,2024WestBuilding,GroundFloor,WestOuterTierTheAnxiousEye:GermanExpressionismandItsLegacypresentsinsightsintotheworkoftheseinnovative,early20th-centuryartistsandtheircontinuingimpactacenturylater.Theexhibitionfeaturesrecentacquisitionsaswellasworksthathaverarely,ifever,beenonview,includinggiftsdonatedbycelebratedWashingtonDC,collectorsJacobandRuthColeKainen.IntheLibrary:LatinAmericanArchitectureinCirculationNOWONVIEWJanuary8—April26,2024EastBuilding,GroundLevel-LibraryAtriumNearly40prints,rarebooks,postcards,maps,andphotographsexhibitedhere,fromtheNationalGalleryofArtLibrary,documentthebuildingsthatresultedfromthisexchange.TheseworkspointtothewaythatpeopleusedbuildingstodefineLatinAmericaasaculturalandpoliticalspaceinthecenturiesbetweenEuropeancolonizationandtheindependencemovementsofthe19thcentury.WovenHistories:TextilesandModernAbstractionNOWONVIEWMarch17—July28,2024EastBuilding,ConcourseGalleriesInthe20thcentury,textiles(纺织品)haveoftenbeenconsideredlessasappliedart,women’swork,ordomesticcraft.WovenHistorieschallengesthehierarchies(等级制度)thatoftenseparatetextilesfromfinearts.Puttingintodialoguesome160worksbymorethan50creatorsfromacrossgenerationsandcontinents,theexhibitionexploresthecontributionsofweavingandrelatedtechniquestoabstraction,modernism’soutstandingartform.Paris1874:TheImpressionistMomentUPCOMINGEXHIBITIONOctober8,2024—January19,2025WestBuilding,MainFloorHowdidImpressionismbegin?DiscovertheoriginsoftheFrenchartmovementinanewlookatthebasic1874exhibitionconsideredthebirthofmodernpainting.Don’tmisstheuniquechancetoimmerseyourselfinthedynamicParisianartscene.1.WhatdoweknowaboutGermanExpressionismandItsLegacy?A.Itisthecradleofmodernpainting.B.Politicalshiftsinspiredfamouspainters.C.Collectionsandworksrarelyonshowareincluded.D.Itfeaturesinsightsintotheearly20th-centuryartists.2.Ifyou’reinterestedinthebuildingsconcerninghistory,youwillprobablypayavisitto______.A.GermanExpressionismandItsLegacy B.TheImpressionistMomentC.LatinAmericanArchitectureinCirculation D.TextilesandModernAbstraction3.InwhatwayistheImpressionistMomentdifferentfromtheotherthree?A.Itisstillnotopentothepublic. B.ItincludedgiftsdonatedbyJacob.C.Ithasbeenconsideredlessasappliedart. D.Ithasalargercollectionofpaintingsandarts.【答案】1.C2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了国家美术馆当前和即将举办的四个艺术展览。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据TheAnxiousEye:GermanExpressionismandItsLegacy部分的“Theexhibitionfeaturesrecentacquisitionsaswellasworksthathaverarely,ifever,beenonview…(展览包括最近获得的藏品以及很少或从未展出过的作品……)”可知，我们可以知道该展览包括了一些难得一见的作品和收藏品。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据IntheLibrary:LatinAmericanArchitectureinCirculation部分的“Nearly40prints,rarebooks,postcards,maps,andphotographsexhibitedhere,fromtheNationalGalleryofArtLibrary,documentthebuildingsthatresultedfromthisexchange.TheseworkspointtothewaythatpeopleusedbuildingstodefineLatinAmericaasaculturalandpoliticalspaceinthecenturiesbetweenEuropeancolonizationandtheindependencemovementsofthe19thcentury.(近40幅版画、稀有书籍、明信片、地图和照片，均来自国家美术馆图书馆，记录了这次交流所带来的建筑。这些作品展示了人们如何利用建筑在欧洲殖民和19世纪独立运动之间的几个世纪里，将拉丁美洲定义为一个文化和政治空间。)”可知，如果你对建筑和历史感兴趣，你可能会参观LatinAmericanArchitectureinCirculation展览。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Paris1874:TheImpressionistMoment部分的“UPCOMINGEXHIBITION(即将举行的展览)”和“October8,2024—January19,2025WestBuilding,MainFloor(2024年10月8日至2025年1月19日，西楼，主楼层)”可知，ImpressionistMoment是一个即将开始的展览，将在2024年10月8日至2025年1月19日开放。因此，与其他三个已经开放的展览相比，ImpressionistMoment还未对公众开放，这是它与其他三个展览的不同之处。故选A。BForpeoplewhonevercomplainaboutthecold,cantakeorleaveshowersandwouldgetusedtonoises,idealjobshavecomeup.Aheritagecharityisadvertisingvacanciesatthebottomoftheworld.BasedinAntarctica,successfulapplicantswillhavetoadapttonear-constantdaylight,subzerotemperaturesandnoflushingtoiletorrunningwater.Butwhatincredibleupsides:penguinsandbreathtakinglandscapesinthepolararea.TheUKAntarcticheritageTrustsaiditwasseeking“passionateadventurersreadytotakeonthechallengeofalifetime”injobsthatincludedmanagingamuseum,postofficeandgiftshopaswellasconductingpenguincounts.ThoseselectedwillliveandworkatBaseAatPortLockroyonGoudierIsland.BridieMartin-West,a33-year-oldmidwife,isthecurrentbaseleader.Shesaid.“Wegetthewonderofseeinghumpbackandminkewhalesgopast.Ononesideoftheislandwehavethemostmajesticmountainrangeandontheothersidewe’vegotaglacierwithicebergs.Itisreallyrawnatureandstunninglybeautiful.”Theteamarrivedontheislandatthesametimeasgentoopenguinsfortheirbreedingseason.Thepenguinsareknownfortheirloud,head-backtrumpetcall,butMartin-Westsaid,“HavingcomefromlivinginLondonitisstillmuchquieterhere…”Atypicaleveningmightbewatchingfilms,playingboardgamesorcarryingonanAntarctictraditionofpeoplegivingpresentationsonsubjectstheyknowsomethingabout.ApplicationswereopenedyesterdaytoUKresidents,withtrainingbeginninginAugust.Therewillbeinterviewsandselectioneventsbeforethen.Martin-Westrecalledbeingaskedtoputuptentsblindfoldwhilewearingovengloves.Shesaid,“ThetrainingwaslikeacrossbetweenbootcampandarealityTVshow.Itisveryfullon.Itisalotofwork,someofwhichisquitephysical.”4.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“upsides”?A.Changes. B.Advantages. C.Opportunities. D.Challenges.5.WhatcanyoulearnfromParagraph4?A.Martin-WestpreferredtostayinLondon.B.Londonisanoisyplacecomparedtotheisland.C.Martin-WeststruggledtogetusedtolifeatBaseA.D.ThenoiseinAntarcticaisunbearableforMartin-West.6.Whichwordbestdescribesthejobmentionedinthetext?A.Respectable. B.Profitable. C.Effortless. D.Demanding.7.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.Adventurersarecalledontoenjoyendlessfun.B.Antarcticjobsconcerningpenguinsareeasy.C.UniqueAntarcticJobswithhighlightsarewaitingforadventurers.D.Thechancehascomeforpeopletoexplorethecoldandwildworld.【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了南极独特的、有亮点的工作机会正在等待冒险者。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“BasedinAntarctica,successfulapplicantswillhavetoadapttonear-constantdaylight,subzerotemperaturesandnoflushingtoiletorrunningwater.(成功的申请者将驻扎在南极，他们必须适应近乎持续的日光、零度以下的温度和没有冲水厕所或自来水的环境。)”和but可知，上文提到在南极做志愿者的缺点，转折之后应该是南极的工作有很多不可思议的优点，包括企鹅和极地地区令人叹为观止的风景。upside在这里指的是这些工作的优点或优势，与B项advantages（优点）意思一致。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“HavingcomefromlivinginLondonitisstillmuchquieterhere…(从伦敦来到这里，这里仍然要安静得多……)”可知，Martin-West从伦敦来，但岛上仍然比伦敦安静得多，这暗示了伦敦是一个比岛屿更嘈杂的地方。因此，我们可以从第四段得知伦敦比岛屿更嘈杂。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ApplicationswereopenedyesterdaytoUKresidents,withtrainingbeginninginAugust.Therewillbeinterviewsandselectioneventsbeforethen.Martin-Westrecalledbeingaskedtoputuptentsblindfoldwhilewearingovengloves.(昨天开始向英国居民开放申请，培训将于8月开始。在此之前将进行面试和选拔活动。Martin-West回忆说，她曾被要求戴着眼罩，戴着烤箱手套搭帐篷。)”可知，申请者需要进行培训和面试，其中包括戴着眼罩穿着烤箱手套搭帐篷等体力活动，说明这份工作对申请者的要求很高，因此最能描述这份工作的词是demanding（要求高的）。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。文章开头就提到“Forpeoplewhonevercomplainaboutthecold,cantakeorleaveshowersandwouldgetusedtonoises,idealjobshavecomeup(对于那些不怕冷、能洗澡也能适应噪音的人来说，理想的工作机会已经到来。)”，接下来文章介绍了南极的遗产慈善机构正在招聘志愿者，这些工作位于南极，需要适应极端的环境，但也有很多独特的优点，如看到企鹅和壮丽的极地景观。因此，文章主要讲述了南极独特的、有亮点的工作机会正在等待冒险者。因此，C选项：UniqueAntarcticJobswithhighlightsarewaitingforadventurers(独特的南极工作机会正在等待冒险者)是正确答案。故选C。CThelaunchofatooltorecordavanishingGreekdialectdrewattentionbackthisweektooneofthegreatextinctionsofthemodernworld:ninelanguagesarebelievedtobedisappearingeveryyear.Romeyka,whichisspokenbyanageingpopulationofafewthousandpeopleinthemountainvillagesnearTurkey’sBlackSeacoast,separatedfrommodernGreekthousandsofyearsago.Ithasnowrittenform.Forlinguists,itisa“livingbridge”totheancientGreekworld,thelossofwhichwouldclearlybeablow.Butsomelanguagesareinevenbiggertrouble,with350thathavefewerthan50nativespeakersand46thathavejustone.AcooperationbetweenAustralianandBritishinstitutionspaintsthesituationindistinctcolours,withalanguagestripeschart,devisedtoillustratetheacceleratingdeclineineachdecadebetween1700andtoday.Itsauthorspredictthatbetween50%and90%oftheworld’s7,000languageswillbeextinctby2150.Evennow,halfofthepeopleontheplanetspeakjust24ofthem.Thehistoryoflanguageshasalwaysbeenlinkedtocolonialism(殖民主义)andpoliticalpersecution(迫害),whichscatterpopulationsaswellascontrollingthem.TheEndangeredLanguagesAlliance(ELA)hastrackeddownandmappedhundredsofdyinglanguagesinNewYork,whichisanunexpecteddiscovery.Thesedialectsaresupposedtobefoundinremoteruralareas.AmongELA’smoreshockingdiscoveriesisthat,of700survivingspeakersofSeke,whichoriginatedinaclusterofmountainvillagesinNepal,morethan150canbetracedtotwoapartmentbuildingsinBrooklyndistrictofNewYork.FromSamireindeerherdersacrosstheArctictoAustralia’sIndigenous(土著的)peoples,thewaysinwhichpeopleexpressthemselveshidesecretmessagesaboutancientwaysoflivinginnature.Bothawillandawayareneedediftheyaretosurvive.Bysimplyhonouringtheirexistence,linguistsplayanimportantrole.KenHale,anactivistwhoisstronglyforpreservingendangeredlanguagesfamouslyarguedthatlosinganylanguagewas“likedroppingabombontheLouvre”.8.Whatdoes“Romeyka”inParagraph1referto?A.AnextinctancientGreeklanguage.B.Alanguagewithveryfewwrittenwords.C.AdisappearingdialectrelatedtoancientGreek.D.Apopulardialectlovedbytheyounggeneration.9.WhyarethenumbersusedinParagraph2?A.Toshowtheimportanceofthedialects. B.Toconcludethediversityofthedialects.C.Toexplaindifferentwaystoprotectdialects. D.Toillustratethetendencyoffastdyingdialects.10.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A.SekeisaplaceinthemountainsofNepal.B.Peopleassumefewerdialectsexistinbigcities.C.NepalandNewYorkweretwincitiesmanyyearsago.D.ELAisnotsurprisedtotraceanoriginalNepaldialecttoBrooklyn.11.WhatdoesKenHale’squotemean?A.Theextinctionofadialectisagreatloss.B.BombingLouverisadisastertoanylanguage.C.AncientwaysoflivingarekeptsecretinLouvre.D.Languagesaretosurvivesimplybyhonoringthem.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讨论了全球濒危语言的现状及保护它们的重要性。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“whichisspokenbyanageingpopulationofafewthousandpeopleinthemountainvillagesnearTurkey’sBlackSeacoast,separatedfrommodernGreekthousandsofyearsago.Ithasnowrittenform.Forlinguists,itisa“livingbridge”totheancientGreekworld,thelossofwhichwouldclearlybeablow.(是由土耳其黑海沿岸山区村落中几千名老年人口使用的语言，与现代希腊语分离了几千年。它没有书面形式。对于语言学家来说，它是通往古希腊世界的“活桥梁”，失去它显然是一个打击。)”可知，Romeyka是一种与现代希腊语分离了几千年的方言，没有书面形式，对于语言学家来说，它是通往古希腊世界的“活桥梁”，失去它显然是一个打击。因此，Romeyka指的是一种正在消失的与古希腊有关的方言。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Butsomelanguagesareinevenbiggertrouble,with350thathavefewerthan50nativespeakersand46thathavejustone.AcooperationbetweenAustralianandBritishinstitutionspaintsthesituationindistinctcolours,withalanguagestripeschart,devisedtoillustratetheacceleratingdeclineineachdecadebetween1700andtoday.Itsauthorspredictthatbetween50%and90%oftheworld’s7,000languageswillbeextinctby2150.Evennow,halfofthepeopleontheplanetspeakjust24ofthem.(但是有些语言面临着更大的麻烦，有350种语言的母语使用者不到50人，有46种语言的母语使用者只有1人。澳大利亚和英国机构之间的合作以不同的颜色描绘了这种情况，并设计了一张语言条纹图，以说明从1700年到今天，每个十年间都在加速下降的趋势。该图的作者预测，到2150年，世界上7000种语言中将有50%至90%灭绝。即使现在，地球上也有一半人只使用这24种语言。)”可知，使用数字是为了说明方言快速消亡的趋势。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thesedialectsaresupposedtobefoundinremoteruralareas.AmongELA’smoreshockingdiscoveriesisthat,of700survivingspeakersofSeke,whichoriginatedinaclusterofmountainvillagesinNepal,morethan150canbetracedtotwoapartmentbuildingsinBrooklyndistrictofNewYork.(这些方言本应出现在偏远的农村地区。ELA更惊人的发现之一是，尼泊尔一群山村中起源的塞克语（Seke）有700名幸存者，其中一半以上的人住在纽约市，他们中的许多人甚至不知道自己是说这种语言的人。)”可知人们认为这些方言应该存在于偏远的农村地区，但令人震惊的是，在纽约布鲁克林区的两栋公寓大楼里，可以找到700名幸存的Seke方言使用者中的150多人。这表明人们认为大城市中方言的数量较少，但实际上并非如此。故选B。【11题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“KenHale,anactivistwhoisstronglyforpreservingendangeredlanguagesfamouslyarguedthatlosinganylanguagewas“likedroppingabombontheLouvre”.(以积极保护濒危语言而闻名的肯·黑尔（KenHale）曾激烈地表示，失去任何一种语言“就像是在卢浮宫投下一颗炸弹”。)”可知，KenHale的引用“losinganylanguagewas‘likedroppingabombontheLouvre’”意味着失去任何一种语言都是巨大的损失，就像对卢浮宫投下炸弹一样。因此，A选项“方言的灭绝是巨大的损失”是正确的解释。故选A。DHaveyoueverworriedthatyoumightsmellbad?Well,youdohaveasmell,butnotinthewayyouthink.Thehumanbodyreleaseshundredsofchemicalcompoundsintotheaireveryday,andthesecompoundsrevealmuchmorethanjustourhealthhabits;theycanalsoindicateourhealthsituations.In1971,chemistLinusPaulingidentified250differentgaseouschemicalsinourbreath,knownasVOCs.TheseVOCsoriginatefromthebody’smetabolic(新陈代谢)processesandareexcreted(排泄)throughskinglands.WhilesweatcontributestotheseVOCs,itonlyaccountsforasmallportionofthem.VOCscanrevealalotaboutourhealth.Forexample,asweet-smellingbreathcouldbeasignofdiabetes.Besidesbreath,VOCsarealsoreleasedfromourskin,andfeces(粪便).AnotablecaseinvolvedJoyMilne,whonoticedachangeinherhusband’sscent12yearsbeforehewasdiagnosedwithParkinson’sdisease.Knownas“thewomanwhocansmellParkinson’s,”Joyhasbeenusingherkeensenseofsmelltohelpscientistsdevelopasimpleswabtesttodiagnosetheillnesses.Animalswithadvancedsenseofsmell,likedogs,havedemonstratedtheycandetectvarioustypesofcancerinhumans.Althoughthesescentsareoftenundetectabletothehumannose,theyprovideevidencethatourbodiesemitdifferentscentswhensomethingiswrong.TherelationshipbetweenVOCs,andourhealthisstillbeingstudied.Studieshavealreadyshownthattheycanpredictaperson’sagewithinafewyearsbasedontheirskinVOCprofile.Inoneinterview,ProfessorMorinstated,“Weareatarelativelyearlystageinthisresearcharea,butwehavealreadydistinguishedmalesfromfemalesbasedontheacidityofskinVOCs.WebelieveskinVOCscanrevealaspectsofwhoweare,suchasnutrition,healthandstress.Thesesignatureslikelycontainmarkersthatcanbeusedtodiagnosedisease.”So,whoknows—maybeonedaywewillbeabletodetectdiseasessimplybybreathingintoadevice.12.WhatdowelearnabouttheVOCsaccordingtothetext?A.TheVOCsareprimarilycomposedofsweat.B.SkinVOCsrevealmoreaboutourhealthhabits.C.Ourbody’smetabolicprocessesarethesourceofVOCs.D.VOCsonlyreleasedfromourskinindicatehealthstatus.13.Whydoestheauthormentionanimalsinparagraph4?A.Toargueweshouldrelymoreonanimals.B.Toshowthesuperiorintelligenceofanimals.C.TohighlightVOCs’potentialasdiagnosticmarkers.D.ToillustrateVOCshavethecapabilitytocurecancers.14.WhatfuturetechnologymightarisefromtheunderstandingofVOCs?A.Devicesthatcanbreatheoutdisease-causingVOCs.B.EquipmentthatcananalyzeVOCstodiagnosediseases.C.Personalizedperfumesthatcanmaskdisease-relatedVOCs.D.AdvancedfacilitiesthatcanuseVOCstocurediseases.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.TheRoleofSweatinHumanHealth B.LinusPauling’sContributionstoVOCSC.SmellofBodyContributingtoDiseases D.DetectingDiseasesthroughBodyScents【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了人体释放的VOCs与健康状况之间的关系，解释了这些化学物质的来源、它如何揭示健康信息，以及科研人员如何利用这些信息探索疾病诊断的可能性。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“TheseVOCsoriginatefromthebody’smetabolic(新陈代谢)processesandareexcreted(排泄)throughskinglands.(这些挥发性有机化合物来源于人体的代谢过程，并通过皮肤腺体排出体外。)”可知，我们身体的代谢过程是这些发挥性有机化合物的来源。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Animalswithadvancedsenseofsmell,likedogs,havedemonstratedtheycandetectvarioustypesofcancerinhumans.Althoughthesescentsareoftenundetectabletothehumannose,theyprovideevidencethatourbodiesemitdifferentscentswhensomethingiswrong.(具有高级嗅觉的动物，如狗，已经证明它们可以检测出人类的各种癌症。虽然这些气味通常是人的鼻子无法察觉的，但它们提供了证据，表明我们的身体在出现问题时会发出不同的气味。)”可知，作者提到像狗这样的动物是为了强调VOCs作为疾病诊断标记的潜力，因为这些动物能够嗅出人类身上的不同疾病，说明VOCs确实携带了与健康相关的信息。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“So,whoknows—maybeonedaywewillbeabletodetectdiseasessimplybybreathingintoadevice.(所以，谁知道呢——也许有一天我们可以通过对着一个设备呼吸来检测疾病。)”可知，未来可能产生的技术是能够分析VOCs来诊断疾病的设备。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Thehumanbodyreleaseshundredsofchemicalcompoundsintotheaireveryday,andthesecompoundsrevealmuchmorethanjustourhealthhabits;theycanalsoindicateourhealthsituations.(人体每天向空气中释放数百种化合物，这些化合物揭示的不仅仅是我们的健康习惯；它们也可以表明我们的健康状况。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要围绕着人体释放的VOCs如何反映健康状况，并有可能成为疾病诊断的工具这一主题展开。因此合适的标题为“DetectingDiseasesthroughBodyScents”。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Studieshaveshownthatphysicalactivitycanimprovementalalertnessandcognitivefunction.Yourbrainworksbetterandyoucanthinkmoreclearlyafterexercising.____16____Ifyouarelookingforawaytoboostyourstudying,tryincorporatingdailyexerciseintoyourroutine.Trylightexercisewhileyoustudy.Afewstudieshaveshownthatperforminglightexercisewhilestudyingcanhelprecallofinformation.Thesestudiesfoundthatvigorousexercisewhilestudyingmayhurtrecallbecauseyourbrainisfocusedontheworkoutinsteadoftheinformation.____17____Youcanusethestationarybikewhileyoustudyforatleasthalfanhour,makingsuretokeeptheintensitylight.Exerciseatyourdesk.Youcangetyourbloodpumpingatyourdeskwhileyoustudy.Ifyoudon’twanttoleaveeverythingandgoforaquick15-minutestroll,trygettingsomephysicalactivityinwhereyouare.Dosomechairsquatsatyourdesk.____18____Hoverjustabovethechairforabout10seconds.Repeatthis20times.Takeawalkonbreaks.Ifyouarestudyinginthelibrary,breakupyourstudysessionswithphysicalactivity.____19____Youcanalsodothisifyouarestudyinginyourdormoracoffeeshop.Takingabreakhelpsrefreshyourselfandgetsbloodflowingtothebrain,whichcanhelpyouthinkandrememberbetter.____20____Consistentdailyworkouts,integratedwithyourstudyandclassschedule,aremoreeffectivethancramming150minutesofphysicalactivityintotheweekend.Regularphysicalactivitythroughouttheweekenhancesbrainfunctionwhenyouneeditmost—duringyourstudysessions—ratherthanisolatingittotheweekend.A.Focusonconsistency.B.Maketheexerciseanenjoyableexperience.C.Standupfromyourchair,andthensquatdownwithoutsittingdown.D.Ifyouaregoingtoexercisewhilestudyingjustmakesuretokeepitgentle.E.Getupandtakeafifteen-minutestrollaroundthebuildingoraroundcampusnearby.F.Physicalactivityalsohelpsboostmemoryandrecall,whichisimportantwhenstudying.G.Dolow-impactgentleexercises,suchaswalkingorswimming,atleast30minutesaday.【答案】16.F17.D18.C19.E20.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了体育活动对学习和大脑功能的影响，并提供了一些建议，如在学习时进行轻度运动、在桌边进行锻炼、休息时散步以及保持锻炼的一致性。【16题详解】根据前文“Studieshaveshownthatphysicalactivitycanimprovementalalertnessandcognitivefunction.Yourbrainworksbetterandyoucanthinkmoreclearlyafterexercising.(研究表明，体育活动可以提高精神警觉性和认知功能。锻炼后，你的大脑工作得更好，思维也更清晰)”可知，此处都在讲述运动对学习的好处，所以F项“Physicalactivityalsohelpsboostmemoryandrecall,whichisimportantwhenstudying.(体育活动也有助于提高记忆和回忆，这在学习时很重要)”也是讲述运动对学习的好处，其中的also承接上文，符合文意。故选F项。【17题详解】根据前文“Afewstudieshaveshownthatperforminglightexercisewhilestudyingcanhelprecallofinformation.Thesestudiesfoundthatvigorousexercisewhilestudyingmayhurtrecallbecauseyourbrainisfocusedontheworkoutinsteadoftheinformation.(一些研究表明，在学习时进行轻微运动可以帮助回忆信息。这些研究发现，学习时剧烈运动可能会损害记忆，因为你的大脑专注于锻炼而不是信息)”可知，本段讲述学习的时候试着做一些轻微的运动，而不能作剧烈运动，所以D项“Ifyouaregoingtoexercisewhilestudying,justmakesuretokeepitgentle.(如果你打算一边学习一边锻炼，一定要保持温和)”承接上文，符合本段主题。故选D项。【18题详解】根据前文“Dosomechairsquatsatyourdesk.(在办公桌前做一些椅子下蹲)”以及后文“Hoverjustabovethechairforabout10seconds.Repeatthis20times.(在椅子上方停留大约10秒钟。重复20次)”可知，此处在讲述椅子下蹲的具体做法，所以C项“Standupfromyourchair,andthensquatdownwithoutsittingdown.(从椅子上站起来，然后蹲下来，不要坐下)”符合此处主题，为椅子下蹲运动的具体做法。故选C项。【19题详解】根据本段小标题“Takeawalkonbreaks.(休息时散散步)”可知，本段讲述学习中休息时，可以散散步，所以E项“Getupandtakeafifteen-minutestrollaroundthebuildingoraroundcampusnearby.(站起来，绕着教学楼或附近的校园散步15分钟)”符合本段主题，其中后文“Youcanalsodothisifyouarestudyinginyourdormoracoffeeshop.(如果你在宿舍或咖啡店学习，你也可以这样做)”的dothis指的就是空处讲述的绕着教学楼或附近的校园散步15分钟。故选E项。【20题详解】分析设空，为本段小标题，根据后文“Consistentdailyworkouts,integratedwithyourstudyandclassschedule,aremoreeffectivethancramming150minutesofphysicalactivityintotheweekend.Regularphysicalactivitythroughouttheweekenhancesbrainfunctionwhenyouneeditmost—duringyourstudysessions—ratherthanisolatingittotheweekend.(每天坚持锻炼，结合你的学习和课程安排，比把150分钟的体育活动塞到周末更有效。一周中有规律的体育锻炼可以在你最需要的时候增强大脑功能——在你学习的时候——而不是把它隔离到周末)”可知，本段主要讲述了每天坚持锻炼，而不是把体育活动塞到周末，所以A项“Focusonconsistency.(注重一致性)”符合本段主题，为本段小标题。故选A项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ImovedtoLondoninsteadofWellingtonbyaccident,orrather,becauseofanaccident.Oneeveningin2008,agroupofjoyridersstoleourvan(面包车),namedTheColombian,fromastreetoutsideWellington,NewZealand.WhenmybrotherAnt____21____thevanparkedonthebeach,hecalledthepolice,whothengave____22____asitdroveoff.Afterrunningafewred____23____,thejoyriderslost____24____andsmashedintoabuilding,____25____thevan.Onemorning,aftertheaccident,wewoketoanemailfromAnttitled“RIPTheColombian”,____26____whathe’dbeenthroughthenightbeforewhilemyhusband,Dave,andIslept____27____inourflatinBogotá,Colombia.Thepolicecaughtthesixjoyriders.“No____28____werehurtinthemakingofthisdrama”were,____29____,thelastwordsoftheemail.Twoyearsearlier,Dave,_____30_____myboyfriend,hadboughtthevanbeforeIwenttovisithiminNewZealandandtransformedthebackintoamini_____31_____.Wespentthesummersof2006and2007onaroadtriparoundtheSouthandNorthislands.TheColombianwasatthe_____32_____ofeverything.Ithadsuchsignificancetousthatwedecidedto_____33_____it—afterall,wewouldbebackinNewZealandinacoupleofyears.Thetheftofthevan_____34_____changingthecourseofmylife.It’shardtoimaginewhatmylifewouldhavebeenlikeinNewZealandhadthevannotbeen_____35_____.21.A.bought B.spotted C.broke D.deserted22.A.chase B.advice C.punishment D.information23.A.miles B.crossroads C.lights D.signs24.A.interest B.head C.face D.control25.A.missing B.avoiding C.destroying D.striking26.A.detailing B.registering C.reading D.posting27.A.hurriedly B.worriedly C.peacefully D.hopefully28.A.customers B.swimmers C.criminals D.professionals29.A.unfortunately B.thankfully C.amusingly D.sadly30.A.when B.then C.where D.here31.A.suitcase B.gym C.office D.home32.A.center B.cost C.entrance D.exit33A.sell B.keep C.forget D.switch34.A.turneddown B.putoff C.setabout D.endedup35.A.purchased B.encountered C.chosen D.stolen【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.C26.A27.C28.C29.B30.B31.D32.A33.B34.D35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一辆名为“哥伦比亚人”的面包车在新西兰被盗并撞毁，这一意外事件改变了作者原本计划在新西兰的生活轨迹，导致她最终搬到了伦敦。面包车的失窃对作者产生了深远的影响，让她的人生道路发生了转折。