中考英语语法考点纵览考点3形容词和副词

...wd......wd......wd...中考英语语法考点纵览3——形容词和副词形容词、副词概述1、形容词定义： 形容词(adjective)，简称adj，用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。2、副词定义： 副词(adverb)，简称adv，用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示时间、频率、范围、语气、程度等。二、形容词、副词考点纵览考点一：形容词的功能及位置考点1：形容词作定语。形容词作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。Helivesinabeautifulhouse.他住在一座漂亮的房子里。Thereisnothingimportantintoday’snews.今天报纸上没有什么重要内容。典型例题1Itisakindof________(health)food.答案：healthy〔health的形容词是healthy，这里用形容词修饰名词food。〕典型例题2Doyouknow________inthisfield?A.anybodyfamousB.famousanybodyC.somebodyfamousD.famoussomebody答案：A〔一般疑问句用anybody，而且形容词修饰复合不定代词时，要后置。〕典型例题3WealllikeJulia,becausesheisa________girl.A.alikeB.lovelyC.awakeD.well答案：B〔alovelygirl表示“一个得意的女孩〞〕考点2：形容词作表语。=1\*GB3①形容词作表语，放在系动词〔be,feel,look,smell,taste,sound,get,become,keep,turn,seem等〕之后。Everythingwillbeallright.一切都会好的。Afteralongwalk,Ifelttired.走了很远的一段路后我累了。=2\*GB3②表语形容词只能做表语或后置定语，这类词多半是以a-开头的形容词。alone单独的asleep熟睡的awake醒着的alike相似的afraid害怕的alive活着的Shewasaloneathome.她单独一人在家。Iwasawakeallnight.我整个晚上都没合眼。Thegirlawakeishisyoungersister.那个醒着的女孩是他的妹妹。典型例题1---Whatdoyouthinkofthecake?---Ittastes________.A.goodB.badlyC.wellD.terribly答案：A〔taste是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，三个选项只有good是形容词〕典型例题2The________girlwassmiling.Shelookedvery_______.A.asleep,happyB.slept,sadC.sleeping,happyD.sleep,angrily答案：C〔这里表示“熟睡的女孩正在笑，她看起来非常开心〞〕典型例题3Weshouldkeep______inthereadingroom.A.quiteB.quietlyC.quietD.quickly 答案：C〔keepquiet表示“保持安静〞〕考点3：形容词作宾语补足语。形容词做宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make,leave,keep,find等动词连用。Hekeepstheclassroomcleaneveryday.他们每天保持教室干净。Peopleusuallykeepthevegetablesfreshinthefridge.人们常把蔬菜放在冰箱里保鲜。典型例题1Itisgoodtoleavethedoor______whenitisverycold.A.openB.openedC.closeD.closed答案：D〔close的形容词是closed，这里表示“最好让门处于关着的状态〞〕典型例题2WeallloveMissYang.Shealwaysmakesherhistoryclassvery______.A.interestB.interestsC.interestingD.interested答案：C〔interesting表示历史课有趣，与物连用用interesting，与人连用用interested〕典型例题3Ifoundthedoor_______whenIgothome.A.openedB.closeC.unlockingD.open答案：D〔open的形容词还是open，这里用来作宾语补足语〕考点4：形容词的名词化。“the+形容词〞具有名词特征，表示一类人或事物。如theold(dead,rich,poor,sick,beautiful,new...)=1\*GB3①当表示一类人或事物作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Theblindaretakengoodcareofinourcountry.在我们国家盲人受到很好的照顾。=2\*GB3②当表示抽象概念时，谓语用单数。Thebeautifulisnotalwaystheuseful.美丽的并不总是有用的。考点5：形容词的先后顺序。如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,形容词的先后顺序由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定,越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面,音节多的形容词放在后面。为方便记忆，可记住一句话：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。限定词数词性状形容词冠词指示代词物主代词序数词基数词描绘性形容词形状大小长短上下年龄新旧温度颜色国籍地区出处材料物质目的用途a(n)thethismyfirstsecondthirdonetwogoodkindsickrudenicelittlebiglargelongroundoldnewhotcoldredblackBritishChineseAsianeasternstonesilkwritingmedical典型例题1JohnSmith,asuccessfulbusinessman,hasa____car.A.largeGermanwhite B.largewhiteGermanC.whitelargeGerman D.Germanlargewhite 答案：B〔按照“大小+颜色+国际〞的顺序〕典型例题2Therearedinnertablesondisplayinthehall.A.twobigroundnewChinesewoodenB.twoChinesebigroundnewwoodenC.bigroundnewChinesetwowoodenD.bigroundnewtwowoodenChinese答案：A〔按照“限定词+大小+形状+新老+国际+材料〞的顺序〕典型例题3Mr.Brownhascar.A.abeautifulnewAmericanB.anewAmericanbeautifulC.anewbeautifulAmericanD.anAmericanbeautifulnew答案：A〔按照“限定词+描绘+新旧+国际〞的顺序〕考点二：副词的功能及位置考点1：副词的分类及位置。表示类别例句时间now,then,before,ago,early,lately,late,yesterday…地点here,there,above,below,down,up,downstairs,upstairs…程度very,much,so,too,quite,fairly,rather…频率always,usually,often,sometimes,rarely,seldom,hardly,never…方式fast,quickly,slowly,happily,quietly…评注honestly,maybe,generally…举例forexample,suchas...疑问when,where,why,how联系therefore,besides,otherwise,however,moreover,still…位置：1.一般副词做状语时放在谓语动词之后，如谓语动词后带有宾语，放在宾语后。2.频率副词放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。3.某些逻辑连接副词，为了强调上下句衔接，放在句子前。4.enough修饰形容词和副词时，要放在所修饰词之后。典型例句Theyarelaughinghappily.他们在快乐地大笑。Sheisneverlateforschool.她上学从不迟到。Weoftengooutforawalkaftersupper.晚饭后我们常常去散步。Hegotupearlyenoughtocatchthebus.他起得足够早，可以赶上公交车。考点三：形容词副词对比级、最高级考点1：形容词、副词对比级的变化规则。规则变化构成法原级对比级最高级单音节词+er/estshortshortershortestcoldcoldercoldest以不发音e结尾的词+r/stwidewiderwidestlargelargerlargest单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写末尾辅音字母+er/estbigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i+er/estheavyheavierheaviestbusybusierbusiest多音节词在前面+more/mostimportantmoreimportantmostimportantbeautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful不规则变化原级对比级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest典型例题1Iwishyoudotalkingandsomemorework.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.less B.much C.more D.little答案：A〔这里表示“说的少、做的多〞，所以用less来修饰talk〕典型例题2TherearepeopleinChinathaninIndia.ThatmeansthepopulationofChinaisthanthatofIndia.much;smallerB.more;largeC.bigger;moreD.more;larger答案：D〔这两空都用对比级more和larger，因为后面都有than〕典型例题3Wehavesentsomebookstothechildreninthatvillage.However,theystillneed(many).答案：more〔根据句意，表示“还需要更多的书〞，所以用对比级more〕考点2：形容词、副词原级用法。=1\*GB3①表示二者在性质和程度上一样时，用“as+adj./adv.原级+as〞构造。Herunsasfastasyou.他跑的和你一样快。Nothingcanbesosimpleasthis.再没有比这更简单的了。=2\*GB3②表示“不如〞或“不相等〞，用“notas/so+adj./adv.原级+as〞或“less+adj./adv.原级+than〞构造。Thispictureisnotsogoodasthatone.这幅画没有那幅画好。Hedoesn’twriteascarefullyashissister.他写字不如她妹妹细心。=3\*GB3③表示“A是B的…倍〞时，用“A+is+倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+as+B〞构造。〔一半half；两倍twice；三倍及以上：基数词+times〕。Ourschoolistwiceaslargeastheirs.我们学校是他们学校两倍大。典型例题1HespeaksEnglishwellindeed,butofcoursenot________anativespeaker.A.asfluentasB.morefluentthan C.sofluentlyasD.muchfluentlythan答案：C〔这里用notsofluentlyas表示“没有当地人流利〞〕典型例题2Wehaveplanted________as________treesastheyhave.A.twotimes;muchB.twotimes;moreC.twice;manyD.twice;more答案：C〔twiceasmanytreesas表示“两倍多的树〞〕考点3：形容词、副词对比级用法。=1\*GB3①对比级用于两者进展对比，构造为“Ais对比级thanB〞。Mybikeismorebeautifulthanhers.我的自行车比她的漂亮。Heworksharderthanbefore.他工作比以前努力。=2\*GB3②表示两者之间选择，用“which/whois对比级，AorB〞表示两者之间对比，用“the+对比级〞构造。Whichisnearertothesun,themoonortheearth?哪个离太阳更近，月球还是地球Heisthethinnerofthetwo.他是两人中较瘦的那个。=3\*GB3③“越来越……〞用“对比级and对比级〞构造，多音节和局部双音节词用“moreandmore原级〞。Theweatherisbecomingcolderandcolder.天气变得越来越冷了。Sheisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.她变得越来越美了。=4\*GB3④表示“越……越……〞时，用“the+对比级，the+对比级〞构造。Themorecarefulyouare,themorepointsyouwillget.你越细心，得分越多。典型例题1Ofthetwosisters,Bettyis________one,andsheisalsotheonewholovestobequiet.A.ayoungerB.ayoungest C.theyoungerD.theyoungest答案：C〔表示两者中较……之一时，对比级前面要用定冠词the〕典型例题2It’sbelievedthat________youwork,________resultyou’llget.A.theharder;thebetter B.themorehard;themorebetterC.theharder;abetterD.morehard;morebetter答案：A〔这里表示“你工作的越努力、结果越好〞〕典型例题3Yourstoryisperfect;I’veneverheard________before.A.thebetteroneB.thebestoneC.abetteroneD.agoodone答案：C〔这里表示“我没有听过比这更好的故事了〞〕考点4：形容词、副词最高级用法。=1\*GB3①表示三者及以上人或物进展对比时用最高级，构造为“the+最高级+in/of+范围〞。Thepictureisthebestofall.这幅画是所有画中最好的。Sheisthemostbeautifulgirlintheclass.她是班上最美的女孩。Sheismybestfriend.她是我最好的朋友。=2\*GB3②表示在三者及以上之间选择，用“which/whoisthe最高级，A,BorC〞。Whoisthetallest,Tom,KateorBill?汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高=3\*GB3③“最……之一〞用“oneofthe最高级+可数名词复数〞构造。Sheisoneofthemostpopularteachersinourschool.她是我们学校最受欢送的教师之一。=4\*GB3④形容词最高级前面加序数词，表示“第几最……〞。Sheisthesecondtallestgirlinourclass.她是我班上第二高的女孩。典型例题1Heistallerthananyotherboyinourclass.(同义句转换)答案：Heisthetallestboyinourclass.典型例题2Whichis,Ann,SusieorTina?theshorterB.theshortestC.themostshortestD.short答案：B〔三者之间进展对比，用最高级〕典型例题3Sheisoneofinourclass.A.agoodstudentB.thebeststudentC.beststudentsD.thebeststudents答案：D〔“oneofthe最高级+可数名词复数〞表示“最……之一〞〕三、稳固训练(2012●常州市)1.---Tom,whatdoyouthinkoftheschool? ---Oh,nootherschoolisinthecity.It'sone.A.better;abetter B.thebest;thebestC.better;thebest D.thebest;abetter(2016●常州市)2.---Doyouenjoyyourselfattheconcert?---Yes.Ihaveneverbeento_______onebefore.A.abetter B.thebest C.aworse D.theworse(2016●常州市)3.Thecoachthinks______ofMary'ssportstalents,forshejumpedvery______atthesportsmeeting.A.high;high B.highly;highly C.high;highly D.highly;high(2014●淮安市)4.Mumlikesmakingpicturesandthepiesshecooksalwaystaste_______.A.good B.well C.bad D.badly(2015●连云港市)5.---TheInternetservicefeesaretoohigh,andthespeedistooslow.---That'swhyPremierLiKeqiangasksoperators(运营商〕toprovideInternet.A.manycheaperandquickerB.verycheaperandquickerC.morecheaperandquickerD.muchcheaperandquicker(2014●南京市)6.---DoyouenjoyHanLei'ssongs?---Yes.HeisthewinnerofI'mSingerII.Ican'tthinkofanyonewitha______voice.A.betterB.bestC.moreD.most(2012●南通市)7.Boboftensaysthatswimmingis_____________thanhikinginreducingweight,buthealwaysspendsmoretimeonswimming.A.lessusefulB.lessinterestingC.moreusefulD.moreinteresting(2015●南通市)8.---Ihearit'snoteasytogetaticketforFast&Furious7.---Exactly.Thefilmistheonethisyear.A.lessexcitingB.moreexcitingC.mostexcitingD.leastexciting(2016●南通市)9.---Whataboutyesterday'sdragondance?---Oh,it'soneI'veeverseen.A.amostwonderfulB.morewonderfulC.themostwonderfulD.amorewonderful(2011●苏州市)10.Ifyoudon'twork_______enough,Idon'tthinkyourdreamwillcome_______.A.hardly;truly B.hardly;trueC.hard;trueD.hard;truly(2012●苏州市)11.Ihadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_________thanI'dexpected.A.heavy B.heavier C.theheavier D.theheaviest(2013●苏州市)12.PeterspeaksChinesewellindeed,butofCoursenot______alocalspeakerinChina.A.sofluentlyas B.morefluentthanC.asfluentas D.muchfluentlythan(2014●苏州市)13.---Thepictureis,Ihavetosay,notabitbeautiful.---Why?It's________than the picturesIhaveeverseen.A.farmorebeautiful B.muchlessbeautifulC.nomorebeautiful D.anylessbeautiful(2016●苏州市)14.---Playingvideogamesisawasteoftime.---Ican'tagreemore.Therearemeaningfulthingstodo.A.themostB.theleast C.more D.less(2013•无锡市)15.---Whatdoyouthinkofhisnewdesign?---It'sofeven__________practicalvaluethantheoldone.He'sjustabookworm!A.greater B.great C.less D.little(2015•无锡市)16.---Thestuntmanisplanningtowalkonthewingsofaflyingpla