Unit5WorkingtheLand课文知识点导学案高中英语人教版选择性

Unit5WorkingthelandPartOneTextOneApioneerforallpeopleYuanLongping,knownas“thefatherofhybridrice”,wasoneofChina’smostfamousscientists.Yet,heconsideredhimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworkedthelandinhisresearch.Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodywasjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,towhomhehaddevotedhislife.YuanLongpingwasbornin1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.Totacklethiscrisis,hechosetostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.Aftergraduatingin1953,heworkedasaresearcher.YuanLongpingrealizedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.Instead,farmersneededtoboostyieldsinthefieldstheyhad.Howthiscouldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.Ahybridisacrossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofaspecies.Onecharacteristicofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattainahigheryieldthanconventionalcrops.However,whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofselfpollinatingplantssuchasricewasamatterofgreatdebate.Themonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldbedone.Throughintenseeffort,Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutputgreatly.Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaisprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains,andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.=1\*GB3①Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam.Becauseofhisinvaluablecontribution,YuanLongpingreceivednumerousawardsbothinChinaandabroad.=2\*GB3②GiventhatYuan’shybridsmadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldhaveretiredtoalifeofleisure.However,thisisfarfromthecase.Deepdown,Yuanwasstillverymuchafarmeratheart.Asamanofthesoil,hecaredlittleforcelebrityormoney.Instead,hemadelargedonationstosupportagriculturalresearch.WhatimpressedpeoplemostaboutYuanLongpingwashisongoingabilitytofulfilhisdreams.Longago,heenvisionedriceplantsastallassorghum,witheachyearofriceasbigasabroom,andeachgrainofriceashugeasapeanut.Hesucceededinproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeopleathomeandabroad.Hislatervisionfor“seawaterrice”alsobecameareality,andpotentiallyopenedupnearlyonemillionsquarekilometresofsaltylandinChinaforriceproduction.Eveninhislateryears,YuanLongpingwasstillyoungatheartandfullofvision,andeveryonewasalwaysexcitedtoseewhathewoulddreamupnext.知识点链接=1\*GB3①Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina,butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell,suchasIndiaandVietnam. notjust…but…aswell(notonly…but(also)…不仅…而且…1）notonly…but(also)…连接两个分句时，若notonly位于句首表示强调，notonly所在的分句要用部分倒装，but(also)后面的分句不倒装[例]Notonlydoessinginghelpincreaseyourlungcapacity,butithelpsstimulatecirculation.2）notonly…but(also)…连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数要遵循“就近一致”[例]Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentsweredeeplymovedbythestory.=2\*GB3②GiventhatYuan’shybridsmadehimquitewealthy,onemightthinkhewouldhaveretiredtoalifeofleisure. giventhat…考虑到…，鉴于…（consideringthat…）[例]Giventhatthey’reinexperienced,they’vedoneagoodjob.注意：given1）prep.考虑到，鉴于2）adj.制定的，特定的（常作前置定语）[例]Theyweretomeetatagiventimeandplace.PartOneTextTwoChemicalversusorganicfarmingChemicalpesticidesandartificialfertilizershavebeeninwidespreaduseinfarmingsincethemiddleofthe20thcentury.Whentheywerefirstintroduced,manyfarmersweledthemasagreatwaytofightcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Overtime,however,whatsomescientistshavefoundisthattheirlongtermusecansometimesharmboththelandandpeople’shealth.Forexample,pesticidescandamagethelandbykillingnotonlyharmfulbacteriaandinsects,butalsohelpfulones.Inaddition,thesechemicalscanstayinthesoilandundergroundwatersourcesforalongtime.Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandhumanswhodigestthem.Manypeopleworrythatthesechemicalsmaymakethemillandevencausecancer.Infact,somepesticideslikeDDThavebeenprohibitedinmostcountriesbecauseofthedamagetheycausetopeopleandtheenvironment.Asforchemicalfertilizers,cropsgrownwiththemusuallygrowtoofasttoberichinnutrition.Theymaylookbeautifulontheseaside,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanessentialminerals,andtheyoftenhavelessflavoraswell.Asanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming,andmanycustomershaveturntoorganicfoodwhentheyshopatthelocalgrocery.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Organicfarmersfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdiseasethroughnaturalmeans.Forexample,manyorganicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsasfertilizer.Thismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinminerals.Italsokeepstheair,soil,water,andcropsfreeofchemicals.Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstoproducerichsoil.Theyoftenchangethekindofcropgrownineachfieldeveryyear.Forinstance,theymaygrowcornorwheatinafieldoneyear,andthengrowbeanstherethenext.Whydifferentcropsaregrownisthattheyputimportantmineralsbackintotheground,makingitreadyforthenextbatchofcrops.Organicfarmersalsoplantdiversecropsthatusedifferentdepthsofsoiltohelpkeepitrich.Forexample,peanutsgrowontheground’ssurface,butmanyothervegetablesputdowndeeproots.Thegoalofusingdifferentorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodwhileavoidingdamagetotheenvironmentortopeople’shealth.Somepeoplewouldprefertostoptheuseofmanmadechemicalsinagricultureentirely.=1\*GB3①Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld.Organicfarmingisnowherenearabletomeetthatneed.Therefore,thereisstillalongwaytofindasuitablesolutionthatputssufficientfoodonthedinnertablewhilekeepingpeopleandtheenvironmentashealthyaspossible.知识点链接=1\*GB3①Whatkeepsthemfromdoingsoisthefactthatchemicalfarmingservesthehighdemandforfoodaroundtheworld. 同位语从句1）可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,belief,evidence,proof,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word,possiblity等[例]Heaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.2）同位语从句的连接词有：从属连词：that,whether连接代词：who,whom,whose,what,which连接副词：why,when,where,how等[例]Ihavenoideawhichwineisbest.It’samatterofpersonaltaste.3）分离同位语从句，有时同位语从句和它所说明的名词被谓语分开[例]Thestorygoesthattwofriendsarewalkingthroughthedesert.拓展：that引导同位语从句和定语从句区别1）that引导同位语从句时，对前面的名词作进一步解释说明，that只起连接作用，不作成分，没有意义，通常不能省略2）that引导定语从句时，修饰限定先行词，that指代先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，有时可用which代替，作宾语时可用省略PartTwoKeyWord1.hybridn.杂交植（动）物；合成物；混合动力车2.devote1）vt.献身，专心，致力_______________献身于/致力于（做）某事_______________把某人的时间/精力/注意力…用到（做）某事上[拓展]同根词_______________adj.挚爱的，忠诚的，全心全意的_______________深爱/忠于…；致力于…_______________n.奉献，忠诚；关爱3.devote…to把…用于；献身；致力；专心4.shortagen.缺少；短缺；不足5.tacklevt.解决（难题）；应付（局面）；处理6.crisisn.危机；危急关头7.boostvt.使增长；使兴旺n.增长；提高；激励8.yieldn.产量；产出vt.出产（作物）；产生（收益）vi.屈服；让步9.convincevt.使相信；使确信；说服_______________使某人相信某事_______________使某人相信…_______________说服某人做某事_______________[拓展]同根词_______________adj.令人信服的_______________adj.确信的；深信的；坚信的_______________确信…；相信…10.characteristicn.特征；特点；品质adj.典型的；独特的11.attainvt.（通常指经过努力）获得；得到_______________实现目标_______________达到…状态[拓展]同根词_______________n.达到；获得_______________adj.可获得的12.conventionaladj.传统的；习惯的13.pollinatevt.授粉；传粉14.assumptionn.假定；设定；（责任的）承担；（权利的）获得_______________对…做出假设_______________假定…；假设…[拓展]同根词_______________vt.假定，认为；承担（责任）_______________普遍/通常认为…_______________假定…是…，认为…是…_______________conj.假如，假设_______________假定…15.intenseadj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的16.overevt.克服；解决；战胜_______________被…（某种情绪）控制，受到…的极大影响17.expandvt.&vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展（业务）_______________把…扩展成…_______________扩大称为…_______________充分叙述；详细阐明18.outputn.产量；输出；输出量vt.输出19.estimate1）vt.估计；估价；估算_______________估算某物为…_______________…被估计为…_______________据估计…2）n.估计；估算[拓展]同根词_______________n.（对水平、数量等的）估计_______________v.&n.低估_______________v.&n.高估20.domesticadj.国内的；本国的；家用的；家庭的21.consumptionn.消耗；消耗量；消费22.prisevt.包括；包含；由…组成[拓展]近义词_______________组成，构成_______________由…组成/构成23.beprisedof包括；包含；由…组成24.generatevt.产生；引起25.strainn.（动、植物的）系；品种；拉伤；压力26.leisuren.闲暇；空闲；休闲27.deepdown在内心深处；本质上；实际上28.soiln.泥土；土壤；国土；领土29.celebrityn.名望；名誉；名人；名流30.envisionvt.展望；想象31.sorghumn.高粱；高粱米32.broomn.扫把；扫帚；金雀花33.grainn.谷物；谷粒；颗粒34.visionn.想象；视力；视野；影像35.realityn.现实；实际情况；事实_______________事实上，实际上_______________脱离现实_______________使…成为现实_______________使…回到现实[拓展1]近义词______________[拓展2]同根词_______________adj.真的；真正的，真实的_______________adj.现实的，实事求是的_______________adv.真正地，真实地；事实上_______