Unit4SpaceExploration知识点梳理清单高中英语人教版

高一英语必修三U4Spaceexploration知识梳理知识梳理案一.词形转换1.intelligencen.智力:才智intelligentadj.有才智的:聪明的2.frontn.前面:正前方frontiern.边界:边缘3.disappointadj.失望的;沮丧的disappointmentn.失望;沮丧disappointedadj.失望的;沮丧的disappointingadj.令人失望的4.lackn.缺乏;短缺vt.没有;缺乏lackingadj.缺乏的;没有的;不足的5.determinevt.查明;确定;决定determinationn.决心;果断;决定determinedadj.有决心的；意志坚定的6.intelligentadj.聪明的；有智力的intelligencen.智力；才智7.independentlyadv.独立地；自立地independentadj.独立的:自主的;自治的independencen.独立:独立性:自主8.limitn.限度:限制v.切限制limitationn.限制,能力上的不足limitedadj.有限的limitlessadj.无限制的9.select挑选;选拔selectionn.选择;挑选selectedadj.精选的10.attachvt.系；绑；贴；(使)附属attachmentn．附件；喜爱；连接11.currentadj.流通的:流行的currentlyadv.现时,目前currencyn.通货；货币12.sufficientadj.足够的sufficiencyn.足够；充分sufficientlyn.足够地；充分地13.globen.地球仪;地球globaladj全球的:全世界的14.arguev.争论:争吵:争辩argumentn.争论:争吵:争辩15．keenadj.渴望的keenlyadv.强烈地；敏锐地keennessn.渴望16.desiren.渴望v,渴望desirableadj.令人满意的desiredadj.渴望的;想得到的二.重点词块（1）词块梳理1.disappointedbedisappointedin/withmeifIfailtheexamination如果我考试不及格对我失望bedisappointedattheresultofthematch对比赛结果失望toone’sdisappointment:使人失望的是...2.desirehaveastrong

desire

toexploretheuniverse强烈渴望探索太空

desire

health

and

happiness渴望健康幸福3.determinedetermine

their

own

future.

决定他们自己的未来determinewhatisrightforyou.决定什么对你是合适的bedeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想4.signalawarningsignalofheartproblems.心脏病的报警信号signaltoJessetofollow示意杰西跟上asignalfailure信号灯故障5.lackdue

to

the

lack

of

gravity由于缺乏重力lacktheresourcestomodernize缺乏现代化所需的财力.lacksconfidenceinherstudy学习缺乏自信6.beyondSendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystem将人类送往其他行星甚至太阳系之外beyonddoubt:毫无疑问;的确

beyondrepair:无法修复7.figureoutfigureouttheproblem.解决这个问题figureoutsomewaystostoppeoplefrompollutingtheriver想出一些办法来阻止人们污染这条河Ican'tfigureouthowtodothis弄懂怎样做这件事。8.arguearguefortheplan赞成这个计划argueagainsttheplan反对这个计划arguewithsb.over/abouttheplan与某人争论这个计划argue/talk/persuade/reasonsbintodoingexploringspace说服某人探索太空argue/talk/persuade/reasonsboutofdoingexploringspace说服某人不探索太空9.attachattachthemselvestosomething把他们自己绑在某些东西上attachgreatimportancetotheproject高度重视这个项目Withtheskingone,towhatcanthehairattachitself?皮之不存，毛将焉附?10.currentthecurrenttechnology现在的的技术currentmoney流通货币electriccurrent电流11.carryoncarryonspaceexploration继续太空探索carryonwiththetreatment继续治疗carryondoinghishomework继续做他的作业12.launchtheofficiallaunchdate正式的发行日期launchanewwarship.一艘新军舰要下水launchafinalattack.发动最后攻击13.resultresultinalossofoxygen导致氧气流失

resultfromthebadweather由于糟糕的天气

as

a

result

of

the

heavy

fog由于大雾14.astronautsfromChinaorabroad

来自国内外的宇航员15.the

selection

procedure

for

astronauts宇航员的选拔程序16.

mental

and

physical

training.精神和身体的训练17.

be

intelligent

enough

to

get

a

college

degree

足够聪明获得大学学位18.

succeedinmakingrocketsthatcouldescapeEarth’sgravity成功制造出能够摆脱地球引力的火箭19.makevehiclestocarrybravepeopleintospace研制出飞行器，将勇敢者送入太空。20.findthesecretsoftheuniverse探索宇宙的奥秘21.manmadesatellite人造卫星22.successfullyorbitaroundtheEarth成功地环绕地球运行23..That’sonesmallstepforaman,onegiantleapformankind.对一个人来说那是一小步，对人类来说却是一大步。24.America’sNASAspaceagency美国航空与航天局25.transmitdata传回数据26.onboard在宇宙飞船上27.independentlysendhumansintospace独立将人类送入太空28.explorespaceinthehopeoffindingoutmoreabouttheuniverse探索太空希望能更多地了解宇宙29.collectalldirtywatersoastorecycleitforlateruse收集污水以便于回收以后使用30.berecycledforlateruse.被回收以供后期使用31.astronauts'bonesandmuscles宇航员的骨头和肌肉32.Everythingwouldfloatoffotherwise否则所有东西都将浮起来33.storesufficientfoodandwaterforthelongjourney为长途旅行储存足够的食物和水34.abathtowel

一条浴巾35.aboxoftissue一盒纸巾36.sportsfacilities体育设施37.countriesaroundtheglobe世界各国38.ashallowview一种肤浅的观点39.recorddataonlandandweatherpatterns记录陆地与天气模式数据40.makebetterheartmonitors制造出更好的心脏检测仪41.limitedresourcesonourplanet地球上有限的资源42.inordertoprovideforsucharapidlyincreasingpopulation为了满足快速增长的人口需求43.inclosing最后44.runoutofpetrol汽油耗尽（2）读后续写课外拓展1描写人物“失望”。例如：Thesedisastersmadehimsadanddisappointed.Tohisdisappointment,everyoneleft.汉译英：没有看见房间里有圣诞树，她很失望。2.描写人物“下定决心做某事”。bedeterminedtodo/determinetodo/makeupone’smindtodosth./resolvetodo汉译英：一旦她下定决心做某事，没有人可以说服她改变主意。答案：1.NotseeingtheChristmastreeintheroom,shefeltdisappointed.2.Onceshedetermined/madehermind/resolvedto/wasdeterminedtodosomething,noonecouldpersuadehertochangehermind.三.重点句子Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace,andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.之后,苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。P40Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但是探索宇宙的渴望却从未停止过。P41Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.这是因为尽管风险巨大,人类还是坚信太空探索极为重要。P41Despitethedifficulties,scientistshopefuturediscoverieswillnotonlyenableustounderstandhowtheuniversebegan,butalsohelpussurvivewellintothefuture.尽管困难重重,科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源,还能帮我们延续生存,直到未来。P41However,somescientistsaredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.然而,一些科学家们下定决心要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。P406.Overeightyearslater,on20July1969,AmericanastronautNeilArmstrongsteppedontothemoon,famouslysaying,“That'sonesmallstepforaman,onegiantleapformankind.八年后的1969年7月20日，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登上了月球，并有一句名言:“这是一个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步。P407.Countriesarearoundtheglobearespendingbillionsofdollarsandlotsoftimeonvariousspacemissions,whethertoMarsorotherplanetsmuchfurtheranyway.世界各地的国家都在花费数十亿美元和大量时间进行各种太空任务，无论是火星还是其他更远的星球。P44However,itshouldcontinuesoastoimprovenewandbettersolutionstopeople’sshorttermandlongtermproblems.然而，它应该继续，以改进新的和更好的解决方案，以解决人们的短期和长期问题。P44四.语法：不定式作定语、状语一、动词不定式用作定语1.动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语,表示尚未发生的动作。Letusgivehimsomethingtoeat.让我们给他一些吃的东西。Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.今晚我们有很多作业要做。2.名词前有first,last,next,only等词以及最高级修饰时,其后要用动词不定式。ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.她是第一个在奥运会中赢得金牌的女性。3.抽象名词attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,way或不定代词something,nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。ButJanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesiretodousefulwork.但是詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。4.当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。Iusuallyhavealotofmeetingstoattend.我通常有很多会议要参加。Sheisanicepersontoworkwith.她是一个很好的合作伙伴。5.当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。Wemustfindapersontodothejob.我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。Weneedsomeonetogoandgetadoctor.我们需要有人去请医生。6.当名词与定语有同位关系时。Wegottheordertoleavethecity.我们接到了离开这个城市的命令。二、动词不定式在句中作状语,主要用来修饰动词和形容词,也可用来修饰副词。在句中,不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等,可表示目的、原因及结果等。1.目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气,常与inorder或soas组成短语。Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。Inordertohelphim,wewoulddoeverythingwecan.为了帮助他,我们将尽我们所能。(1)不定式作目的状语时,其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。Isaidthattoencouragehim.我这么说是为了鼓励他。(2)置于句首时只用todo/inordertodo。如用于表示否定,inorder或soas不能省略,用inordernottodo或soasnottodo形式。Iwalkedquietlysoasnottodisturbthebaby.我安静地走路,以免打扰婴儿。(3)不定式作目的状语可转换为sothat/inorderthat或so...that...引导的目的状语从句。Heworkedveryhardtopasstheexam.→Heworkedsohardthathecouldpasstheexam.→Heworkedhardsothat/inorderthathecouldpasstheexam.他非常努力以便能通过考试。2.原因状语,多见于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”结构句中。Iwasverysadtohearthenews.听到这个消息我很难过。3.结果状语,多见于“too...to”;“enoughto...”;onlytodo(表示意料之外的结果的发生);so/such...asto(意为“如此……以至于……”)结构句中。I’mtootiredtodowell.我太累了做不好。Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上学的年龄了。Herushedback,onlytofindthebookmissing.他冲了回来,却发现书不见了。Sheissoproudastolookdownuponothers.她太骄傲了,看不起别人。4.独立动词不定式多用作插入语,表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。I’dliketostayhealthy,buttobehonest,Ionlyeatfoodthattastesgood.我想保持健康,但说实话,我只吃味道好的食物。【名师点津】现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别(1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,onlytofinditdidn’tfit.(2)现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的,必然造成的结果。Hisfatherpassedaway,leavinghimalittlemoney.知识检测一.词形转换检测（1）根据汉语提示，写出对应单词。1.______________n.智力:才智______________adj.有才智的:聪明的2.______________n.前面:正前方______________n.边界:边缘3.______________adj.失望的;沮丧的______________n.失望;沮丧______________adj.失望的;沮丧的______________adj.令人失望的4.______________n.缺乏;短缺vt.没有;缺乏______________adj.缺乏的;没有的;不足的5.______________vt.查明;确定;决定______________n.决心;果断;决定______________adj.有决心的；意志坚定的6.______________adj.聪明的；有智力的______________n.智力；才智7.______________adv.独立地；自立地______________adj.独立的:自主的;自治的______________n.独立:独立性:自主8.______________n.限度:限制v.切限制______________n.限制,能力上的不足______________adj.有限的______________adj.无限制的9.______________挑选;选拔______________n.选择;挑选______________adj.精选的10.______________vt.系；绑；贴；(使)附属______________n．附件；喜爱；连接11.______________adj.流通的:流行的______________adv.现时,目前______________n.通货；货币12.______________adj.足够的______________n.足够；充分______________n.足够地；充分地13.______________n.地球仪;地球______________adj全球的:全世界的14______________v.争论:争吵:争辩______________n.争论:争吵:争辩15．______________adj.渴望的______________adv.强烈地；敏锐地______________n.渴望16.______________n.渴望v,渴望______________adj.令人满意的______________adj.渴望的;想得到的（2）根据汉语及首字母提示写出单词的正确形式，每空限填一词。1.Tomanypeople,technologymeansputers,hand­helddevices,orv________(交通工具)thattraveltodistantplanets.2．Anapplefallsdownbecauseofg________(重力)．3．Eachhumanbeinghastodie,butm________(人类)goesonworldwithoutend.4．Theastronautstrainedforyearsinhowtousetheirs________(宇宙飞船)．5．Wherehaveallthoseboatsgoneinthed________(码头)?6．TheEarthisonlyoneofthenumerousplanetsintheu________(宇宙).7．Theyputaweathersatelliteintotheo________（轨道）aroundtheearth.8．Youcanbookatyourlocaltravela________（服务机构）.9．Beforethetraffics________（信号）turnstogreenlight,pleasedon'tcrossthestreet.10．Theceremonywast________（传输）livebysatellitetooverfiftycountries.11.PoliceinsistthatMichaeldidnotfollowthecorrectp_________(程序)inapplyingforavisa.12.Susan'saverybrightandi_________(聪明的)womanwhoknowsherownmind.13.Itwasn'tdifficultthentocrossthef_________(国界).14.Iwanttohaveanallelectricv_________(车辆)inmylifetime.15.Theyarehopingtolearnmoreabouthowtheu_________(宇宙)expandsandshrinks.16.Isthereanyothertravela_________(代理处,服务机构)nearhere?17.Heisd_________(坚决的)tostayforalongtime.18.Asatellitehasbeenl_________(发射)tolearnmoreaboutspace.19.Iwasd_________(感到失望的)thatJohnwasnotthere.20.Yourd_________(欲望；渴望）tosuccessleavesadeepimpressiononme.21.Whileweliveintheschooldormitory,wehavetolivei____________(独立).22.Shewasforcedtoliveasimplelifebecauseofl____________（缺少）ofmoney.23.Howdoa____________(宇航员)doexerciseinthespace?24.Ithinkyouarem____________(心理的)tired.25.Undernormalconditions,theoceanc____________（洋流）ofthetropicalPacifictravelfromeasttowest.

26.Sherecovereds____________（

足够地）

toacpanyChouonhistourofAfricain1964.

27.

Thedoctorshavesetouttheira

____________(论据)

againsttheproposals.

28.

Asweagewelosemusclet____________.(

组织)29.Thehotelhasspecialf____________(

设施

)forwelingdisabledpeople.

30.Thissystem

setsthep____________(

模范

)forotherstofollow.

31.Officialshadnotbeenallowedtom____________(

监控)thevoting.

32.Theequipmentischecked

onar____________(

定期

)basis

.

33.Wearedoingourbestwiththelimitedr____________(

资源)available.

34.Itisoneofthegreat

unsolvedm

____________(奥秘)

ofthiscentury.

35.Theyhavea____________(

附上)

anumberofconditionstotheagreement

36.All

life

depends

ultimatelyon

o____________.(

氧气)二.词块检测（1）汉译英1.disappointed如果我考试不及格对我失望对比赛结果失望使人失望的是...2.desire强烈渴望探索太空渴望健康幸福3.determine

决定他们自己的未来决定什么对你是合适的决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想4.signal心脏病的报警信号示意杰西跟上信号灯故障5.lack由于缺乏重力缺乏现代化所需的财力.学习缺乏自信6.beyond将人类送往其他行星甚至太阳系之外毫无疑问;的确

无法修复7.figureou解决这个问题想出一些办法来阻止人们污染这条河弄懂怎样做这件事。8.argue赞成这个计划反对这个计划与某人争论这个计划说服某人探索太空说服某人不探索太空9.attach把他们自己绑在某些东西上高度重视这个项目皮之不存，毛将焉附?10.current现在的的技术流通货币电流11.carryon继续太空探索继续治疗继续做他的作业12.launch正式的发行日期一艘新军舰要下水发动最后攻击13.result导致氧气流失

由于糟糕的天气

由于大雾14.来自国内外的宇航员15.宇航员的选拔程序16.

精神和身体的训练17.

足够聪明获得大学学位18.

成功制造出能够摆脱地球引力的火箭19.研制出飞行器，将勇敢者送入太空。20.探索宇宙的奥秘21.人造卫星22.成功地环绕地球运行23.对一个人来说那是一小步，对人类来说却是一大步。24.美国航空与航天局25.传回数据26.在宇宙飞船上27.独立将人类送入太空28.探索太空希望能更多地了解宇宙29.收集污水以便于回收以后使用30.被回收以供后期使用31.宇航员的骨头和肌肉32.否则所有东西都将浮起来33.为长途旅行储存足够的食物和水34.

一条浴巾35.一盒纸巾36.体育设施37.世界各国38.一种肤浅的观点39.记录陆地与天气模式数据40.制造出更好的心脏检测仪41.地球上有限的资源42.为了满足快速增长的人口需求43.最后44.汽油耗尽课文改编语法填空:ASincetheearliesttimes,manhasdreamedofexploringtheuniverse,butbeforethemid20thcentury,itwasconsidered1.____impossibledream.However,withtheeffortsofscientists,rocketsthatcouldescapeEarth'sgravity2.____(make).In1961,theUSSRsentthefirstpersonintospace.Then,AmericanastronautNeilArmstrongtookthefirststeponthemoon,3.____wasconsideredagiantleaptomankind.Scientiststried4.____(ensure)thesafetyoftheastronauts,butdisastersstillhappened,whichmadeeveryonesadand5.____(disappoint).However,thedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.Thisis6.____peoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspace7.____(explore)despitethehugerisks.

Chinahasmadegreatprogressinspaceprogrammeinrecentyears.In2003,YangLiweisuccessfullyorbitedEarthintheShenzhou5spacecraft.More8.____(recent),ChinahassentChang'e4toexplorethesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoontomakemeasurementsand9.____(observation).

Thefutureofspaceexplorationremainsbright.Despitethedifficulties,scientistshopefuturediscoverieswillnotonlyenableustounderstandhowtheuniversebegan,10.____alsohelpussurvivewellintothefuture.

12345678910BPeoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace.Beforethemid20thcentury,mostpeoplefelt1________(travel)intospacewasanimpossibledream.However,2.____thehelpofscientists,peoplesucceededinrealizingtheirdream3._________(explore)space.On4October1957,theSputnik1satellite4.____________(launch)bytheUSSR.5.__________scientiststrytomakesurenothinggoeswrong,accidentscanstillhappen.Thesedisastersmadeeveryone6.____________(disappoint),butpeoplestillbelieveintheimportanceof7.________(carry)onspaceexploration.In2003,Chinabecamethethirdcountryto8._________(independent)sendhumansintospace.ThenShenzhou6and7pleted9.______secondmannedorbitandthefirstChinesespacewalk.Inspiteofthedifficulties,scientistshopefuture10.__________(discovery)willnotonlyenableustounderstandtheuniversebutalsohelpussurvivewellintothefuture.12345678910（3）选词填空（注意形式的变化）succeedin;leadto;bedisappointedat;onboard;carryon;inthehopeof;soasto;makesure;inadditionto;setup1.Herlovehasgivenhimthestrengthto______________withhislifeandhiswork.2.It’stoobadwelostthegame.I______________ourperformance.3.Hewasstudyinghard______________beingadmittedtoanengineeringcollege.4.Anovelistshould______________thedescriptioninanovelwillattractthereaders.5.Thedoctors____________savingthelifeoftheelderlywoman,whichmadeherfamilyveryexcited.6.Theyhavetohaveabasicunderstandingofputers______________usetheadvancedtechnology.7.Thesixastronauts______________willspendtendaysinspace.8.Wemustbecarefulbecauseanysmallmistakecan______________anaccidentthatkillseveryoneontheaircraft.三.重点句型检测1.Hisfailinginthefinalexam_______________________________.(make+宾语+宾语补足语)

他期末考试不及格使我们都很失望。2.Heisalways______________________________________.(the+序数词+todo)

他总是第一个来,最后一个走。3._____________________________________,itisalwaysround.(whether…or…)

不论你能否看得见月亮,月亮总是圆的。4.Henotedeverydetail_____________________________________.(soasto)

他注意到了每一个细节,以便牢记这个场面。5.他以前曾看过那部电影。那就是为什么他昨天晚上没有去看。(Thatiswhy...)Hehadseenthefilmbefore._____________________________________________.6.我是第一个被选中参加比赛的人。(the＋first＋n.＋todosth)_____________________________________________________________________7.活动不仅拓宽了我们的视野，也使我们能够更好地理解我们的生活。(notonly...butalso...)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8.阿伦不会说波兰语，我很难让我自己被明白。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)_____________________________________________________________________．9.她决心要把自己的新想法付诸实践。(bedeterminedtodo)_____________________________________________________________________．10.看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年.(doing做原因状语)_____________________________________________________________________．11.这家工厂安装了许多新机器，因而增加了生产。(doing做结果状语)_____________________________________________________________________．四．语法检测1.By

the

end

of

2020,

China

had

nearly

6,000

internet

business

units

qualified__________

(offer)

online

livestreaming(直播）

services.2.Hewenttothebookstoretobuyhisfavoritenovel,only____________(tell)thatithadbeensoldout.3.Isentyou2000dollarstoday,therest_____________(follow)inayear.4.His

lifelong

dedication

_____________（reduce）

hunger

made

him

a

household

name

in

China,

where

getting

enough

to

eat

was

once

a

serious

problem.5.WehavedoneabetterperformanceinpreventingandcontrollingtheCovid19,______(make)ourcountrythesafestonearound