湖南师范大学附属中2019-2020学年高一上学期期末英语试题

湖南师范大学附属中2019-2020学年高一上学期期末英语试题阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASanFranciscoFireEngineToursSanFranciscoWineryTourRunning:February1stthroughApril30thThisdelicioustourgoesthroughthecityonitswaytoTreasureIslandwherewewillstopatthefamousWinerySF.Hereyoucanenjoy4poursofsomeofthebestwineSanFranciscohastooffer.(Includedinticketsprice)DepartingfromtheCannery:Telltimeuponrequest.Duration(时长):2hoursPrice:$90BacktotheFiftiesTourRunning:August16ththroughAugust31stThistourtransportsyoubackintimetooneofSanFrancisco’smostfantasticperiods,the1950s!EnjoyfunhistoryaswetakeyouthroughSanFranciscoforafreetasteoficecream.DepartingfromtheCannery:5:00pmand7:00pmDuration:2hoursPrice:$90SpookyHalloweenTourRunning:October10ththroughOctober31stJoinusforaridethroughthehistoricalPresidiodistrict.Authenticfiregear(服装)isprovidedforyourwarmthasourentertainerstakeyoutosomeofthemostthrillingpartsofSanFranciscoDepartingfromtheCannery:6:30pmand8:30pmDuration:1hourand30minutesPrice:AvailableuponrequestHolidayLightsTourRunning:December6ththroughDecember23ndThistractivefourtakesyoutosomeofSanFrancis’smostcheerfulholidayscenes.Authenticfiregearisprovidedforyourwarmthasyougetintotheholidayspirit.DepartingfromtheCannery:7:00pmand9:00pmDuration:1hourand30minutesAdvancereservationsrequired.1.WhichofthetoursisavailableinMarch?A.BacktotheFiftiesTour. B.SanFranciscoWineryTour.C.SpookyHallowenTour. D.HolidayLightsTour.2.WhatcantouristsdoonBacktotheFiftiesTours?A.GotoTreasureIsland. B.Enjoytheholidayscenes.C.Havefreeicecream. D.VisitthePresidiodistrict.3.WhataretouristsrequiredtodotogoonHolidayLightsTour?A.Takesomedrinks. B.Makereservationsinadvance.C.Setoffearlyinthemorning. D.Wearwarmclothes.

BFifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的)ofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape?Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn’twanttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscapturedandfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdon’tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized.Insomeways,shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachother’sspaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.Thatphotoisareminder,acapturedmoment,anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen,separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.4.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto?A.Hercamerastoppedworking. B.Awomanblockedherview.C.Someoneaskedhertoleave. D.Afriendapproachedfrombehind.5.Intheauthor’sopinion,whatmakesthephotosoalive?A.Therichcolorofthelandscape. B.Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.C.Thewoman’sexistenceinthephoto. D.Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.6.Thepassagecanbeseenastheauthor’sreflectionsupon________.A.aparticularlifeexperience B.thepleasureoftravelingC.theartofphotography D.alostfriendship

CAmeteorite(陨石)movedquicklyacrosstheskyandexploded(爆炸)overcentralRussiaonFeb,15,rainingfireballsoveravastareaandcausingashockwavethatsmashedwindows,damagedbuildingsandinjured1,200people.PeopleheadingtoworkinChelyabinskheardwhatsoundedlikeanexplosion,sawabrightlightandthenfelttheshockwave,accordingtoaReutersjournalistintheindustrialcity1,500kmeastofMoscow.Thefireball,travellingataspeedof30kmpersecondaccordingtoRussianFederalSpaceAgency(Roscosmos),hadblazed(熊熊燃烧)acrossthehorizon(地平线),leavingalongwhitetrailthatcouldbeseenasfaras200kmaway.Caralarmswentoff,thousandsofwindowswerebrokenandmobilephonenetworkswereinterruptedforashorttime.TheInteriorMinistrysaidthemeteoriteexplosion,averyraresight,alsoreleasedagreatexplosivesound.“Iwasdrivingtowork.Itwasquitedark,butitsuddenlybecamebrightasifitwereday,"saidViktorProkofiev,36,aresident(居民)ofYekaterinburgintheUralMountains.feltlikeIwasblindedbyheadlights(车前灯).”Themeteorite,whichweighedabout10tonnesandmayhavebeenmadeofiron,enteredEarth'satmosphereandbrokeapart30km—50kmaboveground,accordingtoRussia'sAcademyofSciences.“Theenergyrelease(释放)whenitenteredtheEarth'satmospherewasequaltoafewkilotonnes,"theacademysaid,“thepowerofasmallatomicweaponexploding.”NodeathswerereportedbuttheEmergenciesMinistrysaid20,000rescueandclean-upworkersweresenttoUralRegionafterPresidentVladimirPutintoldEmergenciesMinisterVladimirPuchkovtoeaseandhelpthevictims.TheInteriorMinistrysaidabout1,200peoplehadbeeninjured,atleast200ofthemwerechildren,andmostfrombrokenpiecesofglass.7.Whatdowelearnaboutthemeteoritefromthepassage?A.Itisaveryhugeballmadeofiron. B.Itquicklybrokeapartontheground.C.ItexplodedoverRussia'sUralRegion. D.It'ssimilartoanA-bombinweight.8.Theunderlinedword“smashed”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto“_____”.A.brokeB.meltedC.burned D.cleared9.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat_____.A.Moscowis1,500kilometersawayfromtheeastofChelyabinskB.manyhousesweredestroyed,withlotsofpeoplereportedmissingC.ViktorProkofievbecameblindafterseeingtheraresightD.theshockwavebrieflyinfluencedmobilephonenetworks10.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A."MeteoriteRush”BeginsinRussia B.PresidentPutinOrdersAssistanceC.MeteoriteHitsRussia,1,200PeopleHurt D.MeteoriteFliesQuicklyAcrossRussia

二、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Irecentlyreceivedane-mailfromawisespeaker.Inhise-mail,hepointedoutsomeobstaclesthatlieaheadonthewaytosuccess.11______Laziness.Evenwitharightgoalandthecouragetopursueit,youreffortswillbeinvainunlessyou'rewillingtotakeactions.12______Postyourvisionsandplansinyourbedroom,bathroomandoffice.Sharethemwithothers.Inthatcase,everyonecouldbeyoursupervisor.Makeyourselfresponsibleandbecomethemasterofyourdestiny.Doubt.13______Lifeandworkcanbehardandevencruel.Remember,theraceisnotforthesmartestbutforthosewhodon'tgiveup.Ratherthanallowingdoubttostandinyourpath,youoweittoyourselftoremainconfidentinyourplan.14______Dishonesty.Asyoubegintobesuccessful,you'lltendtolie,exaggerate(夸大),andcheatinordertomoveyouragendaforward.However,takingtheeasywayofdishonestywillmakeyoubecomethepersonyouhate.15______Truesuccesscomeswhenyouareapersonofyourword,whenyouhaveapureconscience(良心),andwhenyouhavenotcheatedothersonyourwaytothetop.Onlythebravecanovercomethisfirstobstacle.HisthoughtsweresodeepandinsightfulthatIeditedthem.Writedownyourgoalsandtheactionstepsyou'lltaketopursuethosegoals.Intheend,itcausesfarmoreproblemsthantakingtheriskoftellingthetruth.Adjustitasneededalongtheway,butalwaysknowthatsuccesswillultimatelybeyours.Onceyou'vemadeadecision,doubtisawormthateatsawayatyourabilitytosucceed.Ifyoucan'texperiencegratitude,youmightaswellhavestayedexactlywhereyoustarted.

三、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。DaleCarnegierosefromtheunknownofaMissourifarmtointernationalfamebecausehefoundawaytofillauniversalhumanneed.Itwasaneedthathefirst16______backin1906whenyoungDalewasajunioratStateTeachersCollegeinWarrensburg.Togetaneducation,hewas17______againstmanydifficulties.Hisfamilywaspoor.HisDadcouldn’taffordthe18______atcollege,soDalehadtoridehorseback12milesto19______classes.Studyhadtobedone20______hisfarm-workroutines.Hestoppedtakingpartinmanyschoolactivitiesbecausehedidn'thavethetimeorthe21______.Hehadonlyonegoodsuit.Hetriedforthefootballteam,22______thecoachturnedhimdownforbeingtoo23______.DuringthisperiodDalewasslowly24______aninferioritycomplex(自卑感)，whichhismotherknewcould25______himfromachievinghisrealpotential.ShesuggestedthatDalejointhe26______team,believingthat27______inspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.Daletookhismother'sadvice,trieddesperatelyandafterseveralattempts28______madeit.Thisprovedtobea29______pointinhislife.Speakingbeforegroupsdidhelphimgainthe30______heneeded.Andhishardwork31______.BythetimeDalewasasenior,hehadwoneverytop32______inspeech.Nowotherstudentswerecomingtohimforcoachingandlaterthey,33______,werewinningcontests.Outofthisearlystruggleto34______hisfeelingsofinferiority,Dalecametounderstandthattheabilityto35______anideatoanaudiencebuildsaperson'sconfidence.And,withit,Daleknewhecoulddoanythinghewantedtodo—andsocouldothers.16.A.wanted B.recognized C.supplied D.filled17.A.dealing B.succeeding C.struggling D.trying18.A.board B.equipment C.teaching D.training19.A.skip B.participate C.instruct D.attend20.A.between B.during C.over D.through21.A.idea B.interest C.clothes D.talent22.A.so B.which C.but D.as23.A.outstanding B.light C.optimistic D.easygoing24.A.gaining B.achieving C.seeking D.developing25.A.prevent B.protect C.save D.free26.A.singing B.debating C.running D.horse-riding27.A.presence B.potential C.patience D.practice28.A.hopefully B.certainly C.finally D.naturally29.A.key B.turning C.breaking D.basic30.A.confidence B.experienceC.ability D.progress31.A.paidin B.paidup C.paidback D.paidoff32.A.race B.work C.praise D.honor33.A.inreturn B.inbrief C.inturn D.incharge34.A.convey B.overcome C.understand D.build35.A.express B.stress C.contribute D.reply

四、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。WhenIwasalittlegirl,myfamilymovedtoatinytownatthebottomofabigmountain.Onedayafterschool,while36__________(explore)thegreenwoodsofthismagnificentmountain,Ialmost37__________(fall)onasetofstairs.Whatcouldthesestepsleadto?38__________(curious)gotthebestofmeasIknewitwouldbestartingtogetdarksoon.Istartedclimbingupthosestrangely39__________(mystery)steps.Iclimbedandclimbed.Therewasnothing40__________justgreenbushesandthesesteps.Ihadtoreachthetop!However,itwasnowgettingreallydark.Mymum41__________(be)worriedsickifIdidn'tcomehomesoon.SoIranbackhomealmostinthedarkandtriednottogettooscared.AnxiouslyIwenttobeddreamingabout42__________Iwouldfindatthetopofthismagicalmountain.Couldtherebeacastleupthere?MaybeIwouldfindamonster.MaybeIwastakingtheriskofnevercomingbackhome.Or,maybeallIwouldfindwas43__________(absolute)nothing!Butsomethinginsidemewasgoingtoclimbthatmountain44__________allcost.Icouldhardlywait45__________(try)thisadventureagain.

五、书面表达假定你是李华,你从澳大利亚朋友Chris发给你的邮件中得知他刚从加拿大回国，请你给他回一封邮件,咨询他一些相关事情。内容包括：1.与谁结伴同行？2.逗留时间长度和住宿地点？3.能否分享他的一些旅行经历趣事？注意：1.词数80左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearChris,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua

六、概要续写。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Manycoupleswhoalreadyhaveonehealthy,happychild,arefacingadilemma(困境)，thatis,theissueofwhethertohaveasecondchildornot.Theyhavehardjobsandlimitedtimeandmoney,buttheywanttomakesurethattheironlychilddoesnotbecomealonelychild.So,whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofhavingasecondchild?Thatiswhatsomanycouplesareverymuchconcernedaboutandeagertounderstand.Onepopularsayingisthatonechildmeansalonelychild.That'swhymanysingle-childparentsplantohaveasecondchild.Theyfeelguiltyabouttheirdecisiontohaveonlyonechild,becausetherearenootherchildreninthefamilyfortheironlychildtoplaywith,whichmaymakethechildfeellonelyattimes,especiallyduringvacations.Anothercommonargumentagainsthavingjustonechildisthatanonlychildmaybemorespoiledthanonewithbrothersorsisters.Ifonecouplehaveonlyonechild,thechildcan'tlearntosharethingswithothersandislesscapableofgettingalongwellwithotherchildrenthanonewhogrowsupwithbrothersorsisters.However,inmanypartsoftheworld,moreandmoreparentsarestillchoosingnottohaveasecondchildbecausetheyarguethatthereareadvantagesforthechildaswellastheparents.Withjustonechild,theysuggest,thereislittlechanceoffamilyargumentsconcernedwithchildren.Besides,asanonlychildinthefamily,thechildcanreceivemorequalitytimeandattention.Thisoftenleadstoincreasedself-respectandindependence,whichcanleadtothechildbeingmoreconfident.Unluckily,thereisnosimpleanswertothequestionofwhetherornottohaveasecondchild.Everyfamilyisdifferent,andwhatissuitableforonefamilymaynotbeforanother.Theimportantthing,intheend,istomakeadecisionthatbothyouandyourspouse(配偶)feelconfidentabout.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________湖南师范大学附属中学2019-2020学年高一上学期期末英语试题答案一、阅读理解。1．B2．C3．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了旧金山的四个旅游活动及路线。1．细节理解题。根据SanFranciscoWineryTour部分中的“Running:February1stthroughApril30th”可知，旧金山酒厂之旅的时间是2月1日到4月30日，可以在3月份参加，故B项正确。2．细节理解题。根据BacktotheFiftiesTour部分中的“EnjoyfunhistoryaswetakeyouthroughSanFranciscoforafreetasteoficecream.”可知，参加重返五零年代之旅可以免费品尝冰淇淋，故C项正确。3．细节理解题。根据HolidayLightsTour部分中的“Advancereservationsrequired.”可知，参加节日灯之旅需要提前预定，故B项正确。【点睛】广告类应用文的设题多为细节理解题，解答这类题型一般采用寻读法，先看试题，再看文章，对有关信息进行快速定位，再分析、对比相关信息，排除干扰项，选出正确答案，解答此类题型一定要注意不要遗漏相关信息，例如本篇的三道题都可以根据题干定位到相关的部分，从而得出答案。4．B5．C6．A【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者描述了他无奈拍摄的一张被女人干扰的照片却显得尤为生动的故事，他明白了共享的美丽。4．细节理解题。根据第二段Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.可知，当作者要拍照时一个女人挡住了她的视线。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第四段中AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.可知，作者认为照片中的女人的存在使照片生动起来。故选C。6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Perhapsweallliveineachother’sspaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.可知，这篇文章可以看作是作者对某一特定人生经历的反思。故选A。7．C8．A9．D10．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了陨石划过天空在俄罗斯中部的乌拉尔地区爆炸的事件。文章详细记述了当时人们看到的情景和感受，以及它对周围环境的影响。7．细节理解题。根据第一段中的Ameteoritemovedquicklyacrosstheskyandexploded（爆炸）overcentralRussiaonFeb.15（2月15日，一颗陨石迅速地划过天空在俄罗斯中部爆炸）和第五段中的“Iwasdrivingtowork.Itwasquitedark,butitsuddenlybecamebrightasifitwereday,”saidViktorProkofiev,36,aresidentofYekaterinburgintheUralMountains.（乌拉尔地区叶卡捷琳堡的一位居民说：“我正在开车去上班的路上。天很黑了，但是突然又亮的像是白天一样”）可知，这块陨石是在俄罗斯中部的乌拉尔地区爆炸的，故选C。8．词义猜测题。根据第一段句意可知，陨石划过天空在俄罗斯中部爆炸，火球像雨点一样落在广阔的区域，产生了冲击波使玻璃震碎、损坏大楼，使1200人受伤。呼应第四段中的Caralarmswentoff,thousandsofwindowswerebroken。所以空格处单词与broken是近义呼应，都是形容windows的。A.broke“弄碎，弄坏”；B.melted“熔化”；C.burned“烧毁”；D.cleared“清除，使干净”。故选A。9．细节理解题。根据第四段中的mobilephonenetworkswereinterruptedforashorttime（手机的网络信号被中断了一小会）可知，冲击波使移动网络短时间内中断。故选D。10．主旨大意题。这是一篇新闻报道，根据题材特点，首段就点名了这篇文章的中心内容。由第一段段意“陨石划过天空在俄罗斯中部爆炸，火球像雨点一样落在广阔的区域，产生了冲击波使玻璃震碎、损坏大楼，使1200人受伤。”可知，这篇报道不仅要告诉读者这件事件，还要向读者传达它带来的严重后果，以及它对周围环境的影响。A项“‘MeteoriteRush’开始于俄罗斯”；B项“总统普京下令救援”；C项“陨石袭击俄罗斯，1200人受伤”；D项“陨石迅速飞过俄罗斯”，只有选项C在交代事件的同时也强调了后果，故选C。【点睛】猜测词义题在高考中有三种考查形式：生词猜测词义或熟词生义、猜测一句话的意思、指代关系猜词（代词或者名词）。从近三年考查形势看，三种考查方式同等重要。本文中考查的是生词词义猜测。这种题型的解法主要是在划线词所在句子的前后找到该句话的同义句或者释义句，再根据同义句或者释义句的意思推断出划线单词的意思。例如本文第二题，考查的就是生词词义猜测，由其后的“damaged”、“injured”可知，这句话强调陨石爆炸造成的严重后果，再结合生词后的宾语windows，可知选择broke更符合逻辑。但是由于这是一篇新闻报道，第一段讲述本文的重要内容，其后段落还会对这些要点进行展开，所以我们会发现在第四段讲述陨石爆炸造成的影响时，也出现了windows，那么前后就构成了完全的呼应关系。所以划线单词与thousandsofwindowswerebroken呼应。由此可得出答案。所以这是一种很简便、快捷、准确的方法，但是需要同学们多积累与篇章相关的知识，能够通过题材特点与篇章结构发现这种呼应关系。11．B12．C13．F14．E15．D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章向读者传达了成功路上需克服的几个障碍：懒惰、不自信以及不诚实。11．空格位于段尾。分析文章的篇章结构，可知，这篇文章采用的是总分形式，这句话起承上启下的作用，引出下面作者即将论述的三点内容。空格前一句句意为：在他的邮件里，他指出了成功路上需要克服的一些障碍。选项B（他的想法非常深刻且有洞察力，于是我将引用它们。）与上一句句意符合，且其中的his与上句中的he形成很明显的呼应关系，故选B。12．空格位于段中。由空格所在段落的第一句话“Laziness”可知，这段内容是与懒惰紧密相关的。空格前一句句意为：即使目标正确，你也有勇气去实现它，如果你不采取行动，你的努力也将会变得无价值。选项C（写下你的目标和你要实现那些目标需要采取的行动）与上句句意吻合。并且其中的goals与theactionsteps都可与上一句形成呼应关系。故选C。13．空格位于段中。虽然空格位于段中，但是第一句是本段中心词。所以第一句会紧密围绕中心词展开。由“Doubt”可知，这段主要讲怀疑。选项F（一旦你做了决定，怀疑就像一条毛毛虫能消耗掉你成功的能力）是对doubt的解释，并且这句话主语doubt也与中心词呼应。故选F。14．空格位于段尾。空格上一句句意为：不要让怀疑挡在你的路上，你要自己决定保证对你的计划充满自信。选项E（需要的时候可以调整它，但是要记住成功最终会是你自己的。）与上句句意吻合，且其中的it指代上句中的plan，“alwaysknowthatsuccesswillultimatelybeyours”与上句中的“Ratherthanallowingdoubttostandinyourpath”也呼应。故选E。15．空格位于段中。由首句“Dishonesty”可知，这段内容主要与“不诚实”有关。选项D（最后，它会造成比讲真话带来的风险更多的问题。）是描述的Dishonesty的后果，并且其中的“tellingthetruth”与Dishonesty形成反义呼应。故选D。【点睛】七选五题目主要考查学生综合的英语逻辑思维能力。一篇好的短文，不仅在内容上要前后一致，而且还要语篇结构清晰，上下文逻辑意义严谨。内容的前后一致体现在段内及语篇内话题的自然过渡。语篇结构主要体现为：文章是总分结构，还是按时间或空间顺序发展的，还是辩证三段论的编排的。逻辑意义的严谨最主要的可以通过代词、连词和副词等形式来体现。例如本文通过看首段及后续段落的首句可知：这篇文章总体上是总分的形式，每个段落内部都是围绕本段第一个词展开的。本题中的第三题与第五题就是利用段落中心词与段落内内容一致的原则解题；第二题、第五题采用上下句逻辑关系的一致性解题，第一题利用句子承上启下的作用以及与上句之间的关键词呼应关系解题。具体解题步骤参看详解。所以拿到一篇文章，同学们首先要根据篇章类型与空格位置推断使用什么方法解题，有助于加快解题速度。二、完形填空。16．B17．C18．A19．D20．A21．C22．C23．B24．D25．A26．B27．D28．C29．B30．A31．D32．D33．C34．B35．A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了戴尔·卡耐基从不为人所知，到享有国际声誉。他从年轻时候的不自信，在他母亲的帮助下不断奋斗，最终成为最成功的演说家。16．考查动词辨析。句意：在1906年，当年轻的戴尔是沃伦斯堡州立师范学院三年级学生时，他首次发现这种需要。A.wanted想要；B.recognized认出，识别；C.supplied提供；D.filled装满。空格处单词与上文“hefoundawaytofillauniversalhumanneed（他找到了一种方法能够满足全人类的需求）”中的found呼应，他发现的方法也就是他识别出，辨认出的方法，故选B。17．考查动词辨析。句意：为了能受教育，卡耐基与许多困难作斗争。deal（后面一般跟介词with）处理；succeed成功（后面一般跟介词in）；struggleagainst与……作斗争；try尝试。这里空格后的宾语是“difficulties（困难）”，所以应是他与困难作斗争。故选C。18．考查名词辨析。句意：他的爸爸付不起他上大学的食宿费，不能住宿，因此他每天不得不骑马跑12英里去上课。A.board（在外住宿的）膳食；B.equipment设备C.teaching教学；D.training训练。由“Dalehadtoridehorseback12milesto___4___classes（他每天不得不骑马跑12英里去上课）”可知，他的父亲是没钱支付食宿费。故选A。19．考查动词辨析。句意同上。A.skip逃跑；B.participate参与；C.instruct教授；D.attend参加。由上文中的“Dalewasajunior”可知，戴尔是学生，所以他每天来回12公里是去上课。“attendclass”意为“上课”，故选D。20．考查介词词义辨析。句意：学习不得不在日常农活之间完成。A.between在……之间；B.during在……期间；C.over在……上方；D．through穿过。由于课业只能在做农活间隙完成，不可能又干农活又写作业。故选A。21．考查名词辨析。句意：他停止了参加学校的一些活动因为他没有时间也没有衣服。A.idea想法；B.interest兴趣；C.clothes衣服；D.talent才能。根据后句“Hehadonlyonegoodsuit.（他只有一套好的套装。）”可以推测出这里用名词clothes。故选C。22．考查连词。句意：戴尔想争取加入橄榄球队，但因为他体重较轻，教练拒绝了他。A.so因此；B.which哪一个；C.but但是；D.as因为。根据句意，上下句之间为转折关系，故选C。23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.outstanding出色的；B.light轻的；C.optimistic乐观的；D.easygoing脾气随和的。教练拒绝了他，结合选项，教练拒绝他的原因只可能是因为他体重太轻。其它三个都是褒义词。故选B。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个时期，戴尔慢慢形成一种自卑感，他的母亲知道这种自卑感会阻止他获得他的真正的潜能。A.gaining获得；B.achieving取得；C.seeking寻求；D.developing形成。由宾语aninferioritycomplex（自卑感）可知，他是慢慢形成了自卑感，其它三个动词都不合适。故选D。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.prevent阻止；B.protect保护；C.save拯救；D.free释放。这里考查短语preventsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事。故选A。26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她建议戴尔去参加辩论团队，因为她相信口才练习能够给他自信。从下文的speaking和speech可知，戴尔进行了关于口才的训练，因此选debatingteam（辩论团队）。故选B。27．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.presence出现；B.potential潜能；C.patience耐心；D.practice练习。根据下文的trieddesperately和hardwork可知，文章强调个人的努力，practice是最佳答案。故选D。28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：戴尔听从了他母亲的建议，不顾一切的尝试，几次尝试之后，最终成功了。A.hopefully有希望地；B.certainly当然，一定；C.finally最终；D.naturally自然地。根据这句话中的“trieddesperately（拼命地尝试）”与“afterseveralattempts（几次尝试后）”可知，戴尔获得成功不容易，故选C。29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这被证明是他生命中的一个转折点。A.key关键的；B.turning转折的；C.breaking破裂的；D.basic基本的。从上文中的“Dalewasslowly___9___aninferioritycomplex（自卑感）”，可知，戴尔之前人生受挫，形成了自卑感。由下文中的“BythetimeDalewasasenior,hehadwoneverytop___17___inspeech.”可知，从那之后，戴尔的人生开始有起色，所以最佳选项为“转折点”。故选B。30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在人群面前演讲的确帮助他获得他需要的自信。A.confidence自信；B.experience经历，经验；C.ability能力；D.progress进步。从上文可知，妈妈想让他通过口才训练获得自信和认可。空格处单词与上文“couldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.”中的“confidence”呼应，故选A。31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：戴尔在演讲上颇为成功。到毕业班年级的时候，赢得了每个演讲比赛的最高奖项。A.payin缴款，存钱入银行；B.payup付清；C.payback偿还，报答；D.payoff付清，取得成功。由下句“hehadwoneverytop___17___inspeech”可知，戴尔的努力没白费，成功了。故选D。32．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.race（一般指速度竞技）比赛；B.work工作；C.praise赞扬，表扬；D.honor荣耀。荣誉。wintophonor意为“夺冠”符合句意。故选D。33．考查介词短语辨析。句意：现在，其他学生都来向他寻求指导。而他们也依次赢得了竞赛。A.inreturn作为回报；B.inbrief简言之；C.inturn轮流；D.incharge负责。由句意可知，之前戴尔学习演讲，学有所成以后培训别人，他的学生后来一个个地也开始获奖。inturn依次，为最佳选项。学生有所成就不是为了报答老师，不选return。故选C。34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：出于这早期的他克服自卑感努力，戴尔开始理解他向听众表达观念的能力建立了一个人的自信。A.convey传达；B.overcome克服；C.understand理解；D.build建立。空格处单词与第九题中的develop的形成翻译呼应，前边强调他逐渐形成了自卑感，所以这里强调他克服这种自卑感的经历。故选B。35．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.express表达；B.stress强调；C.contribute贡献；D.reply回复。根据常识，演讲就是向听众表达观点。故选A。三、语法填空。36．exploring37．fell38．Curiosity39．mysterious40．but41．wouldbe42．what43．absolutely44．at45．totry【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者小时候在一个大山脚下看到了一组台阶，他很好奇，就往上爬。但是由于天色晚了，怕妈妈担心，作者带着遗憾回去了。回到家，他依旧在幻想要是继续爬，在山顶上会找到什么。36．考查现在分词作状语。句意：一天放学后，当我正在探索这座雄伟的山的时候，我差点在一组台阶上摔倒。这是一个时间状语从句，主语I与explore之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填exploring。37．考查一般过去时。句意同上。根据这句话的时间状语“Onedayafterschool”可知，这句话应用一般过去时。故填fell。38．考查名词。句意：尽管我知道天很快就要黑了，但是好奇心还是让我想试试。空格处单词在句中作主语，所以空格处填名词形式。“curious（好奇的）”的名词形式为curiosity，故填Curiosity。39．考查形容词。句意：我开始向上爬那些神秘的台阶。空格处单词修饰名词steps，所以应用形容词形式。“mystery（神秘的事物）”的形容词为mysterious，故填mysterious。40．考查介词。句意：除了绿色的灌木与那些台阶外，什么都没有。“除了”可翻译为but，故填but。41．考查过去将来时。句意：如果我不赶快回去，我的妈妈将会很担心。由从句中的didn’t可知，从句动作发生在过去。根据句意，主句动作发生在从句动作之后，所以主句应使用过去将来时。故填wouldbe。42．考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：我急切地躺在床上想象着我会在神奇的山顶发现什么。这是一个宾语从句，主句缺宾语，从句也缺少宾语，所以空格处应使用连接词what。故填what。43．考查副词。句意：或许我什么也发现不了。空格处单词修饰系动词was，所以应使用副词形式。故填absolutely。44．考查介词短语。句意：但是我内心深处的某种东西让我打算不惜任何代价去攀登那座山。“不惜任何代价”可翻译为atallcost，故填at。45．考查不定式。句意：我几乎等不及再次冒险。“迫不及待做某事”应翻译为“can’twaittodosth.”，因为迫不及待做得事情是还没有发生的。故填totry。四、书面表达。46．DearChris,I’msogladtohearthatyou’rebackhomesafefromyourtriptoCanada.Youmusthavehadafuntimethere，right?I’mwritingtoaskyousomepersonalquestions.Didyougotherealoneorwithsomeo