牛津译林版八年级下学期英语Unit5unit8期末复习

2024年春学期八年级英语期末复习（Unit58）重难点知识解析一、单词与短语1.politeadj.有礼貌的反义词impoliteadv.politelyrudeadj.粗鲁的be[politetosb对某人有礼貌2.shaken./v.摇动，晃动过去式shookshakeone’shand握手=shakehandswithsbfeelaslightshaking感觉到轻微的晃动3.turnn.轮流，顺序queueforone’sturn排队等候taketurnstodo轮流做某事4.properadj.正确的，合乎习俗的adv.properly近义词right/correct5.conversationn.对话，可数名词v.chat聊天municatev.交流municationn.talkn./v.交谈municatewithsb与某人交流talkto/withsb和某人交谈6.sayingn.习语，谚语格言v,sayAsthesayinggoes正如谚语所说7.discussvt.讨论=talkaboutn.discussionfurtherdiscussion深入讨论8.expressvt.表达expressoneself(clearly)(清晰地/清楚地)表达自己（的思想/情绪等）9.explainv.解释explainsthtosb向某人解释某事10.publicn./adj.民众，群体，公共的，公开的inpublic公开地，在别人面前inpublicplaces在公共场所11.littern.垃圾，不可数=rubbish/trashv.乱丢杂物droplittereverywhere随地扔垃圾nolittering禁止扔垃圾12.riskn.风险，危险vt.冒险做riskdoingsth冒着做某事的风险risklosingeverything冒着失去一切的风险Areyouwillingtorisk_____________(lose)yourlifetogowithme?13.purposen.目标，目的thepurposeof……的目标Thepurposeoftheactivityis___________(raise)moneyforchildreninpoorareas.14.cutin(onstb/sth)插嘴15.obeyv.遵守，顺从近义词followobey/followtrafficrules遵守交通规则16.pushin插队，加塞pushinbeforeothers插队17.aboveall首先，最主要的是，强调重要性atfirst/inthebeginning首先，起初，强调时间的先后18.excuseme劳驾，表示打搅别人，麻烦别人19.byaccident偶然地，意外地20.soonafter不久以后21.bumpintosb撞到某人=hitsb22.meanv.意思是meaningn.意思，可数adj.meaningful有意义的meaningless无意义的Doyouknowthe______________(mean)ofthesewords?It’s_____________(mean)totalkwithhimaboutit.Hecan’tchangehismind.23.volunteerv.志愿做n.志愿者volunteertodo志愿做某事=volunteerforsth24.elderlyadj.年老的theelderly老年人blindadj.瞎的blindnessn.失明homelessadj.无家可归的25.trainn.火车v.培训traintodosth培训做某事traintobe=trainas培训做（某工作）trainfor为……培训26.chancen.机会achancetodosth一次做某事的机会catch/takeachance抓住机会27.goldn黄金，金牌goldenadj.金色的28.confidentadj.自信的confidencen.信心haveconfidencein=beconfidentof对…有信心29.donatev.捐献donationn.donateto把……捐给……donateblood献血donatemoney捐款30.bloodn.血bleedv.流血31.introducev.介绍introductionn.引言，简介introduceoneself自我介绍introduceto给……介绍……32.diseasen.疾病，可数名词，常用来描述各类具体的病症，如blooddisease,heartdisease，illnesssickness，主要用于表示生病的时间或因病(disease)导致的不健康状态等，一般用作不可数，如：

Hecan’tebecauseofillness.他因病不能来。Hediedafteralongillness.他久病不愈而亡。Imissedalotofschoolthroughillnesslastyear.我去年因病耽误了很多功课。33.charityn.“慈善”不可数，charityshops慈善商店charityshow慈善表演“慈善机构”可数名词，internationalcharities国际慈善机构34.survivev.(经历事故、战争或疾病)活下来，幸存survivorn.幸存者35.giveahelpinghand伸出援助之手36.necessaryadj.必要的Itis(n0t)necessarytodosth做某事是（不）必要的=Thereis(no)needtodosth37.especiallyadv.尤其是，特别表示强调，与句子主干部分用逗号隔开，specialadj.特别的38.educationn.教育，educatev.教育educatedadj.受过教育的，有教养的educationaladj.有教育意义的Studentsshouldwatchmore

(educate)programs.Studentsshould

（educate）toprotecttheirbodies．39.spreadv./n.扩散，传播，分布过去式和原形一致preventthespreadof阻止……的扩散40.interviewv./n.采访，面试interviewern.采访者haveaninterviewwith对……的采访/面试41.medicinen.药，医学不可数，medicaladj.医学的，医疗的takemedicine服药medicaltreatment医治42.gotohospital去看病=seethedoctor43.patientn.病人adj.有耐心的反义词impatient不耐烦的，没有耐心的patiencen.耐心44.onboard在飞机（船、火车）上=ontheplane/ship/train45.developv.发展，培养，加强developmentn.发展withthedevelopmentof随着…的发展developingcountry发展中国家developedcountry发达国家includevt.包括，包含，做谓语动词，指某整体包含或容纳某部分，常用于解释或补充说明；includingprep.,插入语，起补充说明的作用，一般与句子主干有逗号隔开。Theuniversityincludestencolleges.该大学有10个学院。Ihateanimals,includingdogs.我讨厌动物，包括小狗47.Indian.印度Indiann.印度人，印第安人复数Indiansadj.印度的，印度人的48.secretaryn.秘书复数secretariessecretn.秘密keepsecretsforsb为某人保守秘密keepitsecret保密treatv.对待，招待，治疗treatmentn.治疗givesbsthasatreat招待某人某物treatas把……看做……reducev.减少reduceairpollution减少空气污染recyclevt.回收利用besenttofactoriesforrecycling被送回到工厂回收利用reusevt.再使用reusewaterifpossible如果可能的话重复使用水wiseadj.明智的。聪明的wiselyadv.=inawisewaywisdomn.智慧punishvt.处罚，惩罚finevt.罚款limitvt.限制limitedadj.有限的resourcen.资源可数名词dependonrichresourcestolive依靠丰富的自然资源生活producevt.导致，产生producern.生产者，制造商，制片人productn.产品pollutevt.污染pollutedadj.受污染的pollutionn.污染water/noise/airpollution水/噪音/空气污染Therearefewerandfewerfishintheriverbecauseof________.A．action B．situation C．direction D．pollutionThesea_________ifpeoplekeepthrowingwastesintoit.A．ispolluted B．waspolluted C．hasbeenpolluted D．willbepollutedsurveyn.调查emptyadj.空的反义词full满的，饱的coaln.煤炭oiln.石油，油soiln.土壤gasn.气体，煤气，天然气都是不可数名词formv.形成formagoodreadinghabit养成好的读书习惯developagreenlifestyle养成绿色的生活方式simpleadj.简单的，普通的simplyadv.简单地比较等级simplersimplesttakesimplesteps采取简单的步骤=takeaction=acttodopowern.电力，电源，力量powerfuladj.强大的，有力的inplace在正确位置keepsoilinplace保持水土taketheplaceof...代替...carelessadj.粗心的，满不在乎的，反义词careful认真的，细心地carev./n.照料在意carefullyadv.小心地，仔细地carelessly粗心地carelessnessn.粗心careabout关心，在乎becarefulwith小心……takecare小心，保重takecareof照顾……难点与易错点讲解1.closecloselyclosev.关，指关闭事物本身，而turnoff指关闭开关closeadj./adv.亲密的，靠近的/地，指位置距离的靠近；closelyadv.密切地，一般用于抽象的意义，如workcloselywithsb和某人密切合作；closedadj.关着的Theschoolis__________(close)tothepark.Heisstanding__________(close)tothedoorTheteachernoticedthatstudent___________.(close)Somepeopleliketosleepwiththewindows___________(close).Whoisyour______________(close)friend?2.avoidvt.避免avoiddoingsth避免做某事().—Ithinksomeonlineeatingshowswastealotoffood.—Idoagreewithyou.Thegovernmentshouldmakelawsto__________foodwaste.avoidB.affordC.allowD.achieveYoungchildrenareoftentaughtroad__________(safe)______________(avoid)trafficaccidents.3.inone’swaybythewayoneone’s/thewaytointhiswayinsomewaysinone’sway挡住某人的路，bytheway顺便问一下，oneone’s/thewayto在某人去…的路上，inthisway以这种方式，insomeways在某种程度上()Icouldn'twalkveryfastbecausealotofpeoplewere_________.A.inmywayB.inthiswayC.insomewayD.onmyway()Youcansolvethisproblem___________.That’sOK.A.intheway B.inthisway C.ontheway D.bytheway()______mywayhome,Ifoundabigstone______myway.Luckily,Imoveditaway.A.On,byB.On,byC.In,onD.On,in()TheboypushedmeawayasIwas_______hisway.A.onB.inC.byD.at4.aswell(as)notonlybutalsoaswell也，用于句末，一般无逗号，aswellas也，不仅…而且…=notonlybut(also)，作主语时aswellas的谓语动词要遵循就前原则，notonlybutalso的谓语动词要遵循就近原则。Hegavememoney.Heofferedmesomesuggestionstoo.（同义句转换）Heofferedmesomesuggestions___________________________money.()Sheaswellasherparents_______watchingamovieinthecinema.Instead,theydoitathome.likesB.dislikeC.don’tlikeD.dislikes()Annadances_________,ifnotbetterthan,Lily.A.sowell B.aswellas C.sowellas D.aswell5.loudaloudloudlyloudadj./adv.“大声地”“高声地”;有比较级和最高级形式,强调发出的音量大，传得远，一般多用来修饰speak，talk，laugh等动词。loud还可用作形容词。例如：Speaklouder,please,ornoonewillhearyou.请大声些，否则没人能听见。aloudadv.“大声地,出声地”，无比较等级，强调发出的声音能被听见，常用read,call等动词连用。例如：Pleasereadthetextaloud.请朗读一下课文。loudlyadv."高声地，喧噪地”，有比较等级，其基本意义与loud相同，还常与ring，knock等动词连用。loudly放在动词前后均可，含有“喧闹”或“嘈杂”的之意，使人不舒服。例如：Don’ttalksoloudlyinthemuseum.在博物馆里别这么大声讲话。inaloudvoice大声地=loud/loudly()TheTVissothatshecan’tstudy.loudlyB.loudC.louderD.aloud()Don’tsingsongsso.A.loudlyB.loudC.louderD.aloud()Thenoisemakesmeclosethedoor.loudlyB.loudC.louderD.aloud()Shetookoutabookandbegantoread.A.louderB.loudlyC.aloudD.loudest()sometimesometimessometimesometimessometime一段时间，一般前面须加介词for；sometimes几次，表示动作发生的次数；sometime表示将来的“某时”sometimes“有时候”，表示频率()Ihavespent______onthisjob.IthinkIcanfinishit______thisafternoon.A.sometime;sometimeB.sometimes;sometimeC.sometime;sometimeD.sometimes;sometime()Thekidnapping____inWestTown_____between8.p.m.and9p.m.yesterday.A.tookplace,sometimesB.wastakenplace,sometimeC.washappened,sometimesD.happened,sometime()Hisfacelooksfamiliartome.Iremember____him____yearsago.A.tosee,sometimesB.seeing,sometimesC.tosee,sometimeD.seeing,sometime()Doesn’tyourfatheroftengotoworkbybus?_______.But_____hegoestoworkonfoot.A.No,hedoesn’t/sometimeB.Yes,hedoes/sometimeC.Yes,hedoes/sometimesD.No,hedoesn’t/sometimes7.warnsb(not)todosth告诫某人（不）做某事().—Itissohottoday.Whynotswimintheriver?—No,wecan’tswimintheriver.Ourteachersandparentsalwayswarnus__________intheriver.It’s dangerous.tonotswim B.swimming C.nottoswim D.notswimmingMrs.Smartwarnedherstudentsnot____outlatelastnight.(stay)8.asadv.(指程度或数量上)同样，一样；conj.像……一样，正如，因为，随着，一边……一边prep.作为，像引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，其用法与when和while类似。如：Asachild(Whenhewasachild),shewassenttosixdifferentschools.assoonas“一……就”，引导时间状语从句；如：IwillgiveyouacallassoonasIarrivethere.表示从句与主句动作同时进行，意为“一边……一边……”，一般不与状态动词连用。如：Shesangsongsasshedidherhomework.as还可以表示一动作紧接着另一动作发生，说明另一动作的结果，有“随着……”的含义。如：Astimewentby,wefoundhewasanhonestman./Ashegrewolder,helostinterestineverythingexceptgardening.as引导方式状语从句，表示“如，像”。asaspossible尽可能……=asassbcan/could如：WheninRome,doasRomansdo./Dotoothersasyouwouldhaveothersdotoyou.as作介词使用，表示“作为、当作”。befamousas作为%而出名如：Asastudent,youshouldstudyhard.asas和……一样……引导比较状语从句如：Myroomisasbigasyours.aslongas“只要”引导条件状语从句如：Wewillgocampingaslongasitdoesn’trainnextweekend.asif/though“好像，仿佛”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句；如：Iateasiftherewasnotomorrow.我狼吞虎咽地吃着。suchas例如thesameas和……一样asaresult因此，结果aswell“也、还”=also/tooAaswellasB“不但A而且B”=notonlyAbutalsoBtreat…as…,把……看做……().Pamela’scoatissobeautifulanditis__________mine.A.assamesizeas B.thesamesizeas C.asthesameas D.thesamesize().Timewaitsfornoman.Butsomepeoplewon'trealizetheimportanceoftime____it’sgone.A.as B.since C.when D.untilkeepsbfromsth保护某人使免受……keepsbsafefromdanger使某人避开/远离危险keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事=stop/preventsb(from)doingsthkeepsbdoing让某人一直做某事近义leavesb/sthdoingleavethetaprunning让水龙头一直流着keepawayfrom使……远离……keepthechildrenawayfrompossibledanger让孩子们远离可能的危险Tomkeeps(run)foronehoureverymorning.Everyoneknowsthatthesignmeanskeeping(quietly).(keep)petdogsisexpensivenow.Ifhekeepspractising________(speak)Englisheveryday,hewillbebetteratit.Itwillgetworseifyoukeepthem_____yourselfwhenyouhaveproblems.A.fromB.inC.toD.on__________(keep)safe,everyoneissupposedtowearaseatbeltinacar.Theykeepthedoor_________(close)becauseit’scoldoutside..Tofinishtheworkontime,Mr.Greendranksomecoffeetokeephim_________(wake).10.successfulsuccessfuladj.成功的successn.成功successfullyadv.成功地succeedv.成功dosthsuccessfully=managetodosth=succeedindoingsth成功地做某事().Heisbusinesslike（认真的）andisoften_______.Ihopehewillhavemore_______athisbusiness.A.success;successful B.successful;successC.successfully;successful D.successful;successful().Hardworkcanbringyou_____,butifyouarelazy,youwon’tbee______.A.success;success B.successful;success C.success;successful D.successful;successful().Hardworkbringsus______.Butifyouarelazy,wewon’tbe______.A.success;successB.successful;successC.successful;successfulD.success;successfulableadj.能够，有能力的，beableto能，会，反义词unabledisabledadj.残疾的=withphysicaldisabilitiesabilityn.能力反义词disability“缺陷。障碍”peoplewithintellectualdisabilities有智力障碍的人Weshouldtakegoodcareofthose_______________(able)people．Areyouwillingtohelpthepeoplewithphysical_______________(able)?I’msurethatyouhavethe___________(able)tofinishthetask.Whenyouare__________(able)tosolvetheproblem,pleasetellme.expecttodo期待/指望/预期某人做某事sbbeexpectedtodosthlookforwardtodoing期待/盼望做某事Wearenotexpected____________(arrive)latewhenwehaveameeting.Don't____________toomuchfromhim.Heisonlyachild.riskB.manageC.dreamD.expectTom,youarenolongera3yearoldkid.Icancookdinnerforyou,butdon'texpectmetodoforyou.Doandtidyyourroom.AeverythingBsomethingC.anythingDnothingbesimilarto与……相似besimilarin在……（方面）相似bethesameas和……一样，bedifferentfrom与……不同Hisopinionsaresimilar________yoursbutdifferent________Linda's.A．to;from B．from;to C．as;with D．with;asgiveup放弃givesb/sthup放弃某人/某事物giveupdoingsth放弃做某事=stopdoingsth停止做某事=notdosthanymore不再做某事Iwillnevergiveup(take)sportsbecauseIhopeIwillbehealthier.—Englishisveryimportant,sodon’t.

—Thankyou..

A.giveitup;Iwon’t B.giveitup;IwillC.giveupit;Iwill D.giveupit;Iwon’tachievevt.实现，达到realizevt.认识到,意识到，实现achieve与realize都是及物动词。可以用于主动语态，也可以用于被动语态etrue实现不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态，主语只能是事物achieve/realizesb’sdream=makesb’sdreametrue实现某人的梦想Mycousinrealizedhisdreamaftermanyyearsofhardwork.(改为同义句)Mycousin___________________________ __________________after__________________formanyyears.Hisbrotherfinallyachievedhisdream._____________hisdream________________.operatevi.做手术operationn.手术do/performanoperationonsb=operateonsb给某人做手术______thepatientswhohavebeen____theheartdiseasescan’tafford______.Mostly,treatedfor,todotheoperationsB.Most,curedfor,tobeoperatedonMostof,curedof,theoperationsD.Mostof,treatedof,togotoschoolDoyouthinkthesickpersonneedsan______________(operate)atonce.Thedoctoris________________(operate)onhim.Theoldmanisbadlyillandheneeds_____________(operate)onatanizevt.组织organizationn.组织organizedadj.有调理的raisemoneybyorganizingsomeactivities通过组织一些活动筹款Mostofthefoodforthehomelessisprovidedbyavoluntary______________(organize).Activitiesforprotectingtheenvironment(organize)byMrLinnextweek.carryon继续开展，继续下去carryondoingsthcarryonwithsthTheweatherwasbad.Buttheystilldecidedto______________withtheirwork.A.carryoffB.carryonC.carryoutD.carryawaymostlyadv.主要地，大部分地mostadj.mainlyadv.()—Howexpensivethemagazineis!—Fashionmagazinescostmuch,_______iftheyhavelotsofcolourpictures.especiallyB.mostlyC.mainlyD.exactly()Chinagrowsalotofcotton,_______inthewesternareas.mostlyB.reallyC.finallyD.warmlycan’taffordsth没有足够的钱买某物，买不起某物=nothaveenoughmoneytobuysth,can’taffordtodosth没有足够的钱做某事，承担不起做某事的后果。Yongpeopleinbigcitiescan’tafford__________(buy)flatsbecauseofthehighprice.Wecan’tafford____________(make)anyudadj.自豪的，骄傲的priden.骄傲，自豪beproudof为……感到骄傲=takepridein.betheprideof是……的骄傲Iamfeelingeven(proud)ofmymotherlandafteroveringthedifficultyofvirus.()Johnwasproudthefirstprizeinthestorypetition.Hewasreallygoodattellingstories.

A.win B.winsC.towin D.won()I’mproudofSuzhou,ourhomeland.______.Itisbeingmoreandmorebeautiful.NeitheramIB.NeitherIamC.SoamID.SoIamhandout分发，提出handin上交，递给byhand：手工，亲手，giveahelpinghand伸出援助之手，handsup举手shakesb’shand与某人握手setup成立，设立setoff.出发,动身，点燃,爆炸（=letoff）()Youshouldcheckyouranswerscarefullybeforeyouyourpaper.

A.handout B.handoverC.handin D.handdown()—Wow!Therearesomanypapers! —Yes.Pleasehelpme__________.A.handinthem B.handthemout C.handthemin D.handoutthem()—Wherearetheleaflets?—We'vealready.Nowtheyarebeingreadbypeople.A.handedoutthemB.handedinthemC.handedthemoutD.handedtheminmattern.事情，问题，可数名词v.有关系；要紧Itdoesn’tmatter.不要紧，没关系对别人致歉时的回答=Nevermind.What’sthematter(with)?(……)怎么了？=What’swrong?Wehavemoreimportantmatterstodiscuss.我们有更主要的事情要讨论。Doesitmatteralottoherwhethertheyeornot他们是否来，这与她有很大关系吗?()Paynoattentiontothosewholaughatyou.Whatmost________ishowyouseeyourself.A.drinks B.matters C.cares D.mindsmakeupone’smind(todo)下决心/决定做某事=decidetodo=makeadecisiontodokeepinmind牢记……changeone’smind改变主意mindsb./one’sdoingsth.介意/反对某人做某事Hemadeuphismind(carry)onwithhisworkincharities.too+adj./adv.(forsb)todosth太……而不能做某事，todo表示一个否定的结果，动词必须的及物动词，不及物动词后面须加介词，如果主语是动作的对象，动词后面不能有宾语，Mymotherisalwaysbusy_________(do)housework________(help)withmyhomework.Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tswimacrosstheriver.（同义句）Theboy_____old_____toswimacrosstheriver.adj./adv.+enough(forsb)todosth足够……能够做某事，todo表示一个肯定的结果，动词必须的及物动词，不及物动词后面须加介词，如果主语是动作的对象，动词后面不能有宾语。否定句同时对形容词与动词否定，可以与tooto替换()Theyfinishedthework________becausetheyhad________.A.goodenough;enoughtimeB.enoughgood;timeenoughC.wellenough;enoughtimeD.enoughwell;timeenoughThechildrenareoldenoughtodress(they)everymorning.28.achievevt.获得，实现realizevt.认识到，意识到，实现etruevi.出来，（花的）开放，实现achieve与realize都是及物动词，后面必须有宾语，可以用于主动语态也可以用于被动语态，etrue是不及物动词短语，只能用于主动语态。achievemydream=realizemydream=makemydreametrueseriousadj.严重的，严肃的，认真的seriouslyadv.nothingserious没有什么严重的beseriousabout认真对待……=

take

sth

seriously

youcan’tbeserious.你不是认真的吧！/你在开我玩笑吧！=Youmustbekidding!()—Iamgoingtosellallyouroldbooks.Theyaretakingupalotofspace.—!They’reeverythingtome.Ifyousellthem,youwilltakemylife.Soundsgood B.It’snothing C.Youcan’tbeserious D.Icouldn’tagreemore()Thefinalexamisveryimportant.Wemusttreatit.A.serious B.seriously C.careless D.carelesslyturnoff关上（开关）turnon打开（开关）turnup把…（收音机、电视的音量等）开大，调高turndown把…（收音机、电视的音量等）关小，调低turninto变成，turnaround转身，回头turnout结果是、证明是Remembertoturnoffthelightwhen______________theroom.(leave)()Hownoisyitis!CouldyoupleasetheTValittle?turnoff B.turnon C.turndown D.turnupseparatevt.分开separateinto把……分成……separatefrom把……和……分开Wehaveto_______Philip_______Johnbecausetheyweretalkingallthetime.A．translate;intoB．divide;intoC．share;withD．separate;fromThesmallislandisseparated________usonthemap,butitisapartofChina.A．on B．from C．in D．toThecakewas________intofourpieces,soeachofthefourchildrencouldhaveonepiece.A．dividedB．separatedC．takenD．droppedallowvt.允许allowsbtodo允许某人做某被动形式sbbeallowedtodoallowdoing允许做某事被动形式doingsthbeallowedThelawdoesn’tallow____________(cut)downforest.Studentsaren’tallowed_____________(use)mobilephonesatschool.Passengersarenotallowed(eat)ordrinkwhentheytaketheunderground.dependon/upon依靠，取决于itdepends看情况，视情况而定dependsbtoomuch太依靠某人AdecidesB=BdependsonADon’t________yourparentstoomuch.Youshouldlearntolookafteryourself.A．dependon B．carryon C．tryon D．putonrunout用完，耗尽，不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态，主语一般为事物，useup用完eatup吃光=runoutof可用于主动语态，也可用于被动语态。Wehaven’trunoutofbutter.However,honeyhasrunout.其它含有out的短语：putout扑灭；handout分发；giveout分发；eout出来、出版；workout算出、解决；findout发现、查明；sellout卖光；carryout执行，开展；turnout证明Theenergyfromthesunandwindisverycheapanditwillnever________.A．eout B．runout C．putout D．carryout—Wouldyoupleasehelpme________theseleaflets(传单)forthespeech?

—Noproblem.A．putout B．handout C．runout D．eout—Dear,pleasegetsomefruitbeforeit________.—OK.I’llgotothesupermarketrightaway.A．runsout B．isrunout C．isrunningout D．willberunoutdifferencen.差异，不同，既可用作可数名词，也可用作不可数名词，differentadj.不同的makeadifferenceto（对……）有影响，起作用=influence,此处to是介词，bedifferentfrom和……不同makea(big)differencetosb/sth对……有（很大）影响、起（很大）作用makeno/littledifferenceto对…没有/几乎没有影响；makemuchdifferenceto对…有很大影响tellthedifferencebetween…指出…的差别—Infact,everyonecandosomethingto________toourenvironment.—Yes,Idon’tthinkweshouldthrowawaythewaste________.A．makedifference;carefully B．makedifferences;carefulC．makeadifference;carelessly D．makeafewdifferences;careless老师的话对我的学习产生了很大的影响。Whattheteachersaidtomystudy.harmvt./n.伤害harmfuladj.有害的harmlessadj.无害的harmsb/sth伤害，对…有害=doharmto=beharmfulto=bebadforbegoodfor对……有益Doctorshavewarnedagainstthe____________(harm)effectsofsmoking.Asweallknow,playingputergamestoomuchwillbe________(harm)tothestudents.()—Wemustwearhelmets(头盔)toprotectourheadswhenridingebikes.—Yes.Wearinghelmetscanharmintheaccidents.A.refuse B.repeat C.reduce D.recordlivingadj.活着的，指人或物不仅活着，而且健康，可以做名称的前置定语，也可以做表语；n.生计，makealiving(bydoing)谋生；aliveadj.活着的，与“死”dead相对，指还没有死的状态，多用于指人，只能做表语、补语或名词的后置定语；livelyadj.活泼的，生动的，生机勃勃的，可以指人，也可指物；livingthings生物Every________(live)thingontheearthcannotlivewithoutothers.He'sluckytobe____________(live)afterthecaraccident.Whenthepolicearrived,theyweresurprisedtofindtheoldman_________(live).Mr.Wuisverycreativeandalwaysmakeshisclass____________(live)andinteresting.savewaterbytakingshortershowers通过缩短淋浴时间来节约用水=takeshortershowerstosavewater类似protecttheenvironmentbyrecyclingwaste通过回收利用废品来保护环境=recyclewastetoprotecttheenvironmentsothat以便，为了引导目的状语从句；inorder(not)todo为了（不）做…引导目的状语；so+adj./adv.+thatthat后引导结果状语从句。Hegotupveryearlythismorning_______hecouldcatchthetrain.=Hegotupveryearlythismorning_____________catchthetrain.Hegotup______early_______hecaughtthetraincausev.导致、造成=leadtocausen.原因，不可数thecauseof……的原因，指造成一种现实或现象的原因；thereasonfor……的理由，指说明一种看法或行为的理由Isthereanyreasonforyourbeinglateagain?Carelessnessisthecauseofthefire./Carelessnesscausesthefire.—Accordingtoarecentsurvey,manystudentshavepooreyesight.—Inmyopinion,readingonmobilephonestoooftenisthe________ofhavingpooreyesight.costB．result C．causeD．examplechoosevt.选择choicen.可数名词choose(sb)todo选择（某人）做某事；choosesbas…选择某人作为…bechosentobe/bechosenas被选为…makeachoice作出选择havenochoicebuttodosth别无选择只能做某事Theteacherwillchooseonestudentastheteamleader.Tomwaschosentobeourmonitor.Amongallkindsofdrinks,teaisoneofpeople’sfirsttwo(choose).Peoplelikeitbecauseitisgoodfortheirhealth.—Tellmeonethingyou’reproudofinyourjuniorhighschool,Tom.—I________ascaptainoftheschoolfootballteam.A．choose B．chose C．amchosen D．waschosen41.haveproblemsdoingsth做某事遇到问题，havefundoingsth做某事很愉快,havedifficultydoingsth做某事遇到困难,havetroubledoingsth做某事遇到麻烦havesthtodo有某事要做Youdon’tknowwhattroublewehad_____________(achieve)ourdreams.Whatgreatfuntheyhad____________(fly)kitesintheparkyesterday!42.beusedtodosth被用来做某事beusedtodoingsth习惯于/适应了做某事beusedin被用于……beusedas被用作……beusedby被某人使用bemadeof由……制成（能判断出原材料）bemadefrom由……制成（不能判断出原材料），bemadeinto被制成……bemadeupof由……组成bemadeby被某人制成putersareoftenused_____________(search)forinformation.Mr.Chenused________(be)anengineerandhehasused__________(live)inthecountryalone.DianaisnowanORBISnursebutshewasn’tused___________(travel)byplane.()TheFlyingEyeHospitalisalsoused______atrainingcentre.A.inB.asC.byD.forWoodisoftenusedformaking___________paper.Paperisoftenmade__________wood.Glasscanbemade__________glasses.Ourclassismade__________fivegroups.Thiskindofsmartphonesismade____________China.Thesewatchesaremade________metal.Thedishes____________(make)bymothertastesverydelicious.巩固练习()1.Iwastoobusy_______fortheexam_______thematchyesterday.A.preparing;towatch B.toprepare;towatch C.preparing;watching D.toprepare;watching()2.Thegateistoonarrowto________,soheistooangrytosay__________.A.go;nothingB.gothroughit;anythingC.gothrough;nothingD.gothrough;anything()3.Thelittlegirllistenedtoherteacher_______toremembermostofthemainpoints.A.patientenoughB.patientlyenoughC.toopatientD.toopatiently()4.—Whocanhelpmecarrytheheavybox?—IthinkTedis_______todoit.Butthedooris_______forhimtogothrough.A.toostrong;toosmallB.sostrong;smallenoughC.enoughstrong;smallenoughD.strongenough;toosmall()5.Mum,I’vegotanofferfromthesuperpany!Really?Itjustsounds___________tobetrue.sowell B.toogoodC.goodenoughD.toowell()6.Sadly,thetaskisdone________tomakethebosssatisfied.Poorthing!A.toocarelesslyB.toocarelessC.carelesslyenoughD.carelessenough()7.—You’vespeltthewordwrongagain,Judy. —Sorry.MaybeIamusedtothemistaketothinkoftherightone.A.so B.very C.quite D.too()8.Sailingonasnowydaymeans________inthesea.A.torisklosinglifeB.riskinglosinglifeC.torisktoloselifeD.riskingtoloselife()9.Thewaterinthisriveris______dirty______.A.so;thatmanyofthefishescanlivein B.so;thatfewofthefishescanliveinC.too;forfishestolivein D.too;forfishestoliveinit()10.Thisexerciseis_________difficu