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第份初中语法讲义动词概说年月日 第9章动词概说在英语中,每个句子都必须有一个动词来担当谓语,说明主语“是什么”或“做什么”。动词是一个句子的重心,因此从动词的变化可以看出该句是现在时、过去时还是将来时。所以,了解动词的时态,在英语学习中相当重要。另外,本章还将综述动词的种类、动词的基本形式、动词的时态,短语动词等内容,帮助同学们对动词有一个大致的了解。典型例句:1.Iamhiseldersister.(我是他的姐姐。)典型例句:2.YoustudyEnglish.(你学习英语。)典型例句:3.Thesunisred.(太阳是红的。)说明:典型例句中的am,study,is是动词,study作句子的谓语;am,is和后面的表语一起担当谓语。1.动词的种类在英语中,动词可以分为以下几类:类别(英文缩写)特点举例行为动词及物动词(vt.)跟宾语Welovepeace.(我们热爱和平。)不及物动词(vi.)不能直接跟宾语Classesbegin.(开始上课。)系动词(link.v.)跟表语I’mastudent.(我是一个学生。)助动词(aux.v.)跟动词原形或过去分词(无特殊意义)Ihavehadmybreakfast.(我已经吃过早饭了。)情态动词(mod.v.)跟动词原形(表示说话者的态度)Youmuststudyhard.(你必须用功学习。)1.行为动词我们日常接触的大量动词都是行为动词,又可称为实义动词,如work,study,run,walk等。行为动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。(1)及物动词及物动词的后面要跟一个名词或代词等作它的宾语。Iwanttoseeafilm.(我想去看电影。)(说明:see是一个及物动词,afilm是动词see的宾语。)DickiswatchingTV.(迪克正在看电视。)Infact,Scoutdoesn’tlikeher.(实际上,斯考特并不喜欢她。)(2)不及物动词不及物动词后面一定不能直接跟宾语,但不及物动词后往往跟上一个介词,构成一个短语结构,然后就可以跟一个介词宾语,实际上“不及物动词+介词”就相当于一个及物动词了。Sheislookingat(不及物动词+介词)thepicture.(宾语)(她正在看照片。)说明:look是不及物动词,thepicture是介词at的宾语。ZhuTaoalwayslaughsat(不及物动词+介词)hisbrother.(宾语)(朱涛总是嘲笑他的兄弟。)必背:需要注意的是,不及物动词和不同的介词搭配,就构成了许许多多的词组来表达不同的意思,这些词组需要我们牢牢掌握。lookat看lookafter照看,照顾lookfor寻找lookover检查,翻阅lookround四处打量,看看lookthough看一遍,过一遍lookup查出,找出lookdownon/upon看不起lookforwardto盼望(3)关于行为动词的注意事项要注意,英语中很多动词既可以是及物动词,又可以是不及物动词。Let’sbegin.(咱们开始吧。)We’llbeginourclassinanhour.(一个小时后我们开始上课。)说明:第一句中的begin是不及物动词,后面不跟宾语;第二句中的begin是及物动词,后面跟宾语ourclass。注意:汉语中没有及物动词与不及物动词之分,很多同学初学英语时往往忽略了这点。而这一点恰恰是很重要的,只要掌握了它,就可以避免许多不该出现的错误。2.系动词汉语语法中并没有系动词这一概念,所以同学们在运用系动词时会感到困难。对于系动词,重要的是要掌握这一点:它不能单独作谓语,必须和其后的表语(由形容词、名词、动名词,不定式、介词短语及副词充当)一起构成合成谓语。(1)常用的系动词最常用的系动词是be,在句中有时译为“是”,有时不必译出。有一些动词既可以作行为动词,又可以作系动词,它们主要是表示感受的感官动词和表示“保持某种状态”或“变成某种状态”的词。学习时,要注意其后的表语部分。Thegirllookscareful.(这个女孩看起来很细心。)(look译为“看起来”,是系动词,与后面的形容词一起作表语)Thegirllooksatthepicturecarefully.(这个女孩认真地看这幅画。)(look为行为动词,是不及物动词,加一个介词at,从而构成短语动词,可以跟介词宾语)Hefeelscold.(他觉得冷。)Steelfeelshard.(钢摸起来很硬。)Silkfeelssoftandcomfortable.(丝绸摸起来既柔软又舒服。)(以上三句中的feel均是系动词,后面要跟形容词)切记:感官动词:look看起来;taste尝起来;smell闻起来;sound听起来;feel摸起来表示状态的词:become变成;remain保持;keep保持;prove证明;get/turn/grow变得;appear/seem好像是Ifeeltheplanemovestrongly.(我觉得飞机在剧烈地振动。)(此句中的feel是一个行为动词/实义动词)(关于系动词后跟形容词的用法可参见(第6章副词)中的形容词和副词的比较部分)重要:“feel+...do/doing/done”意为“感觉到……正在/被”。Hefelthisheartbeatingfaster.(他感觉到他的心跳正在加快。)(2)常用的系动词词组词组:cometrue实现Ourdreamhascometrueatlast.(我们的梦想终于实现了。)WhatMaryhadhopedallcametrue.(玛丽希望实现的都实现了。)说明:come在这里作系动词,有“达到/变成某种状态”的含义。词组:getdressed穿衣服Heisoldenoughtogetdressedhimself.(他长大了,已经会自己穿衣服了。)AfterLiuGanggotdressed,hehadbreakfast.(刘刚穿好衣服后,就吃早餐了。)词组:get/bemarried结婚Whatdidyoudobeforeyougotmarried?(你结婚之前做什么工作?)Maryhasbeenmarriedforfiveyears.(玛丽已经结婚5年了。)词组:get/becomelost迷失,迷路Sorry.I’mlateforthemeeting.Ibecame/gotlost.(对不起,我开会迟到了,因为我迷路了。)Thelittlegirlwentforawalkandgotlost.(小女孩出去散步,迷路了。)词组:seem/appeartobe似乎是……,好像……Thestudentseemstobeaverykindandthoughtfulperson.(这个学生似乎是个善良且体贴的人。)ItappearstobeanexcellentopportunityforCarolinetogetmoreexperience.(对于卡罗琳来说,这似乎是一个获得更多经验的绝好的机会。)说明:seem和appear的后面常常跟不定式tobe。(3)关于系动词后接表语的注意事项绝大多数以a-开头的形容词常与系动词连用作表语,而不能作前置定语,但可以放在名词后面作后置定语。Heisn’tasleep.(他没睡着。)Theboyasleepismylittlebrother.(那个睡着了的小男孩是我弟弟。)(一定不能用theasleepboy,但可以用thesleepingboy)切记:以a-开头的常见形容词afraid害怕,恐怕asleep入睡,睡着了alone独自alive活(着)的awake醒着的3.助动词助动词本身并没有意义,它只是帮助主要动词构成谓语,表示疑问、否定、时态、语态等。英语中有些单词并不是固定的助动词,如动词be,have,do等在句子中与主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、否定句、疑问句时,才担当起助动词的作用。ItismadeinChina.(它是中国制造的。)(is是助动词,帮助主要动词made构成一般现在时的被动语态)Ihaven’thadmybreakfastyet.(我还没吃早饭呢。)(have是助动词,帮助主要动词had构成现在完成时的否定句)4.情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,认为“可能”“应当”“必要”等。情态动词有词义,但词义不完整,其后一定要跟不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形,oughtto除外)。另外,情态动词没有人称和数的变化。HecanspeakEnglish.(他会说英语。)(主语是第三人称单数,也不能在can后加s)HespeaksEnglishwell.(他英语说得很好。)(时态是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,行为动词speak后要加s)补充:常用的情态动词can/couldmay/mightmustneedhavetooughtto2.动词的基本形式动词有以下几种基本形式:动词原形(即前面不带to的动词不定式形式)、动词第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。1.动词第三人称单数的构成构成法例词读法词尾加-shelp→helpsknow→knowsget→getsride→ridess在清辅音后读[s],在浊辅音或元音后读[z];在t后读[ts],在d后读[dz]词尾加-es以字母s/x/ch/sh结尾的动词加-esguess→guessesfix→fixeswash→washeses读[iz]以o结尾的动词加-esgo→goesdo→doeses读[z]以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-esfly→fliesstudy→studieses读[z]2.动词的过去式及过去分词的构成(1)规则动词的变化构成法例词一般加-edwork→worked,worked以e结尾的词加-dlive→lived,lived以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,改y为i,再加-edstudy→studied,studiedcry→cried,cried以“元音字母+y”结尾的词,直接加-edplay→played,played以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,再加-edstop→stopped,stoppedprefer→preferred,preferred注意:词尾-ed在清辅音后读[t];在元音和浊辅音后读[d];在辅音t,d后读[id]。(2)不规则动词的变化(参见本章不规则动词变化表)3.动词的现在分词的构成构成法例词一般加-ingwork→workingstudy→studying以e结尾的动词去e后加-inglive→living以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,要双写这个辅音字母,再加-ingstop→stoppingrefer→referring以ie结尾的重读开音节的词,改ie为y,再加-ingdie→dying注意:以y结尾的动词变为现在分词时,y不变,直接加上-ing。如:play→playing;study→studying3.动词的时态1.动词时态概述时态是表示动作与时间相互关系的语法范畴。正确使用时态能反映一个人的英语基本功。对中国学生来说,英语的时态是相当困难的一个语法项目,原因之一是中文动词没有时态形式的变化。也就是说,中文动词不是用词形的变化,而是用特定的词语,如:“现在”“将来”“过去”“正在”“经常”“了”“过”“已经”等来说明一个动作发生的时间,而动词本身并无变化。在英语中,则用动词本身的词形变化或加助动词表示动作的时间。Shereadsnewspaperseveryday.(她每天看报纸。)(句子中有everyday,所以用现在时)Shereadthenewspaperyesterday.(她昨天看过了这张报纸。)(句子中有yesterday,所以用过去时)Shewillreadthenewspapertomorrow.(她明天看这张报纸。)(句子中有tomorrow,所以用将来时)Sheisreadingthenewspapernow.(她正在看报纸。)(句子中有now,所以用现在进行时)Shehasreadthenewspaper.(她已经读过这张报纸了。)(句子中没有标识性的时间状语,但因为表示的是“过去的动作对现在的影响”,所以要用现在完成时)2.动词十二种时态的形式英语动词共有十六种时态,一般语法书列出的英语动词的十二种时态为“现在”“过去”和“将来”三大类;每类中又分为“一般”“进行”“完成”“完成进行”四种,共十二种,下面以study为例,列表说明。一般时进行时完成时完成进行时现在Istudy.Youstudy.hestudies.Westudy.Theystudy.Iamstudying.Youarestudying.Heisstudying.Wearestudying.Theyarestudying.Ihavestudied.Youhavestudied.Hehasstudied.Wehavestudied.Theyhavestudied.Ihavebeenstudying.Youhavebeenstudying.Hehasbeenstudying.Wehavebeenstudying.Theyhavebeenstudying.过去Istudied.Youstudied.Hestudied.Westudied.Theystudied.Iwasstudying.Youwerestudying.Hewasstudying.Wewerestudying.Theywerestudying.Ihadstudied.Youhadstudied.Hehadstudied.Wehadstudied.Theyhadstudied.Ihadbeenstudying.Youhadbeenstudying.Hehadbeenstudying.Wehadbeenstudying.Theyhadbeenstudying.将来Ishallstudy.Youwillstudy.Hewillstudy.Weshallstudy.Theywillstudy.Ishallbestudying.Youwillbestudying.Hewillbestudying.Weshallbestudying.Theywillbestudying.Ishallhavestudied.Youwillhavestudied.Hewillhavestudied.Weshallhavestudied.Theywillhavestudied.Ishallhavebeenstudying.Youwillhavebeenstudying.Hewillhavebeenstudying.Weshallhavebeenstudying.Theywillhavebeenstudying.注意:初中阶段最常用的时态有5种,即一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、一般将来时和现在完成时。在下面的文章中,将分别讲述各种时态的具体用法。不规则动词变化表现在式过去式过去分词现在式过去式过去分词beat打,敲beatbeatenbecome成为becamebecomebegin开始beganbegunbite咬bitbitten/bitblow吹blewblownbreak打破brokebrokenbring携带broughtbroughtbuild建造builtbuiltburn燃烧burned/burntburned/burntbuy买boughtboughtcatch捉caughtcaughtchoose选择chosechosencome来camecomedrink喝drankdrunkdrive驾驶drovedriveneat吃ateeatenfall落下fellfallenfeed喂fedfedfeel觉得feltfeltfight打架foughtfoughtfind找foundfoundfly飞flewflownforget忘记forgotforgotten/forgotforgive原谅forgaveforgivenget获得gotgotten/gotgive给gavegivengo去wentgonegrow生长grewgrownhang挂hunghunghear听heardheardhit击hithithold持heldheldhurt伤害hurthurtkeep保持keptkeptknow知道knewknownlay放置laidlaidlead引导ledledlearn学习learned/learntlearned/learntleave离开leftleftlend借出lentlentlet让letletlie躺laylainlose遗失lostlostmake做mademademeet遇见metmetpay支付paidpaidread读readreadrise上升roserisenrun跑ranrunsay说saidsaidsee看见sawseensell售soldsoldsend送sentsentshine照耀/擦去,磨光shone/shinedshone/shinedshoot发射shotshotsing唱歌sangsungsit坐下satsatsleep睡觉sleptsleptsmell嗅smelt/smelledsmelt/smelledspeak说spokespokenspell拼写spelt/spelledspelt/spelledspend花费spentspentstand站立stoodstoodsteal偷窃stolestolensweep扫除sweptsweptswim游泳swamswumswing摇摆swungswungtake拿,握,抓tooktakenteach教taughttaughttear撕toretorntell告诉toldtoldthink想thoughtthoughtthrow投threwthrownunderstand了解understoodunderstoodwear穿worewornwin赢wonwonwrite写wrotewritten4.短语动词动词加一个(或两个)介词或副词构成词组后,在意义上和原来的动词不同,这种词组叫短语动词或成语动词。英语里这种词组很多,而且非常有用。beginwith以……开始catchupwith赶上climbup爬上去comeback回来comefrom来自……comeon加油comeout开花comeround来,前来crossout画叉,删除dowith处理……fallbehind落后falloff掉下,减少fightabout为……而斗争findout弄清楚flyaway飞走flyup高飞getback回来,回到……getoffthe(bus)下(公共汽车)getonthe(bus)上(公共汽车)getoutof(thelift,car...)从(电梯、小汽车……)中走出来goalong沿着……走goon继续下去goout出去goover仔细检查gothrough经受,经历growup长大hearof听说holdon(foramoment)稍等一下(打电话用语)jumpinto跳入laughat嘲笑learnfrom...向……学习listento听……,注意听……lookafter照顾,关照lookaround参观lookfor寻找looklike看起来像lookover检查,浏览makeout看出,辨认出makeup化妆moveaway移走passonsth.tosb.传递某物给某人passon传递(某物)payfor为……付钱pickup拾起来pullup拉上来puton(thesuit,acap)穿(衣服),戴(帽子)sellout卖完,卖光sendfor派人去请……sendup射出,发送takeoff脱掉(衣服);(飞机)起飞takeout拿出thanksto多亏了;由于,因为turnoff(theradio,gas...)关上(收音机、煤气……)turnon(theradio,gas...)打开(收音机、煤气……)turnround转身turnto翻到……页,转向……waitfor等待wakeup醒来worryabout...为……而担心writedown写下来Canyoufindoutwhattimetheplaneleaves?(你能弄清楚飞机几点起飞吗?)Youshouldlistentotheteacherifyouwanttolearnwell.(如果你想学好的话,你必须注意听老师讲。)Janeislookingafterthebaby.(简在照看这个宝宝。)Bequiet!Trynottowakethelittlebabyup.(安静!别把这个小宝宝吵醒了。)CommonMistakes(注意!失分陷阱!)陷阱例题①Don’t__________theradio.Thebabyissleeping.【北京中考】A.turnoffB.turnonC.turnoverD.turndown句意提示:不要打开收音机,婴儿正在睡觉。陷阱追击:本题考查根据上下文情景辨析动词词组,容易误选。正确解析:turnoff意为“关掉,使(某人)不高兴”;turnon意为“打开,启动”;turnover意为“打翻,移交给,变换电视频道”;turndown意为“拒绝,把……调低,关小”。根据题意可知,正确答案为B。陷阱例题②I’minterestedinanimals,soI__________everySaturdayworkinginananimalhospital.【北京中考】A.payB.getC.takeD.spend句意提示:我对动物感兴趣,所以每个周六我都在一家动物医院工作。陷阱追击:本题考查pay,get,take和spend这四个动词用法的区别,容易误选。正确解析:在这四个动词中,只有spend常用于“spend...doingsth.”的句型中,意为“花费……做……”;pay常用于固定搭配“paysb.forsth.”,表示“付钱给某人”;take的主语一般为it或物。正确答案为D。陷阱追击③A:Howlonghaveyou__________themotorbike?B:Forabouttwoweeks.【哈尔滨中考】A.boughtB.hadC.borrowedD.lent句意提示:A:你买摩托车多长时间了?B:大约两周了。陷阱追击:本题结合上下文语境考查延续性动词和非延续性动词用法的区别,容易误选。正确解析:延续性动词可以同一段时间连用,而非延续性动词则不可以。由题意可知是询问一段时间,在本题的四个选项中只有had是延续性动词。正确答案为B。陷阱例题④WiththehelpoftheInternet,newscan__________everycorneroftheworld.【天津中考】A.arriveB.reachC.goD.get句意提示:有了互联网,新闻可以到达世界的各个角落。陷阱追击:本题考查及物动词和不及物动词的用法区别,容易误选。正确解析:arrive,go,get为不及物动词,需跟介词才能接地点名词,如arrivein/at,goto,getto。reach为及物动词,后面可直接连接地点,表示“到达……”。正确答案为B。FinalCheck(实力测验)1.选用下列动词的适当形式填空smellsoundtastegogetbecomegrowseemlookfeelturnstaykeep1.Themeat__________terrible,soIthinkithas__________bad.2.Herface__________redwhensheheardthenews.3.Yourgrandmother__________pale.What’swrongwithher?4.OurEnglishteacher’svoice__________likemymother’s.5.Itoftenrainsinthisseasonandthetrees__________fast.6.Thepizzayourmothermakes__________delicious.7.Everyone__________veryexcitedattheeveningparty.8.Theflowersinyourgarden__________sweet.9.Vegetablescan__________freshinthefridge.10.Itis__________lateanddark.Let’shurry.11.Intheolddays,somepoorpeopleoften__________hungry.12.Forme,Englishis__________moreandmoreinteresting.13.ThesoupthatMikemade__________terrible.14.WhenlittleTomliedtohisteacher,she__________extremelyangry.15.Weall__________tiredafterthepicniclastnight.2.选择括号中的正确答案填空1.I__________(received;accepted)apresentbutIdidn’t__________(receive;accept)it.2.Hermother__________(allowed;agreed)hertogototheparty.3.Iagree__________(with;to)youandIagree__________(with;to)theplan.4.__________(Work;Working)hardandyouwillsucceed.5.Greatchanges__________(havetaken;havebeentaken)placeinourcountryinthepast30years.6.Ihavefinished__________(reading;toread)thenovel.7.Ididn’tgotoyourpartybecauseheforgot__________(totell;telling)me.8.Iforgot__________(posting;topost)theletterandlookedforiteverywhere.9.Thehandsomeyoungman__________(married;marriedwith)thegirllastyear.10.Imissed__________(attending;attended)hislecturebecauseIhadtotakecareofmymom.3.选用每组中合适的动词并用其正确形式填空A.match,fit,suit1.Thisshirtcan__________thissuit.2.Thisdress__________mefine.3.Thecoat__________mewell.It’sneithertoobignortoosmall.B.pay,take,spend,cost1.TravelingaroundParisbytaxican__________alotofmoney.2.It__________mehalfanhourtoreachschooleveryday.3.I__________twohoursindrawinglastnight.4.Whatabeautifulsweater!Howmuchdidyou__________forit?5.It__________meanhourtodomyEnglishhomeworkyesterday.6.I__________anhour(in)doingmyEnglishhomeworkyesterday.7.It__________around3hours(toget)fromBeijingtoShenzhen.8.Asmallnumberofstudents__________twohourssurfingtheInterneteveryday.C.lie(躺,lay,lain,lying),lie(说谎,lied,lied,lying),lay(放,laid,laid,laying)1.Shewasilland__________inbed.2.He__________thathedidtheworkallbyhimself.3.She__________herhandonmyshoulder.4.Theman__________onthegroundand__________thathehad__________themoneyonthetable.D.raise,rise1.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,please__________yourhands.2.EveryMondaymorning,we__________ournationalflag.3.Thesun__________intheeastandsetsinthewest.4.She__________fromthetabletogreetherfather.KEYS:1.1.smells,gone2.turned3.looks4.sounds5.grow6.tastes/smells7.seemed/felt/looked8.smell9.stay/keep10.getting11.went12.becoming/getting13.tasted/smelt14.got15.felt/got/became/seemed/looked2.1.received;accept2.allowed3.with;to4.Work5.havetaken6.reading7.totell8.posting9.married10.attending3.A.1.match2.suits3.fitsB.1.cost2.takes3.spent4.pay5.took6.spent7.takes8.spendC.1.lay2.lied3.laid4.lay;lied;laidD.1.raise2.raise3.rises4.rose【课后作业】1.Mary_______inthegardenwhenitbegantorain.A.waswalkingB.walkedC.walkingD.hadwalk2.English___________inanewwayatmycollegeinthepastfewyears.A.hasbeenteachingB.wasbeingtaughtC.hasbeentaughtD.hadbeentaught3.Smithistostudymedicineassoonashe___________militaryservice.A.willfinishB.hasfinishedC.finishD.wouldfinish4.Pleasebesuretotelephonemethenexttimeyou_______.A.willcomeB.wouldcomeC.shallcomeD.come5.WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesun_________.A.shoneB.shinesC.hasshoneD.wasshining6.Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimself____________.A.hearingB.beingheardC.tohearD.heard7.Retumthebookimmediatelytothe1ibraryassoonasyou_______withit.A.finishB.arefinishedC.havefinishedD.arefinishing8.Yourexperimentreportsmustbecheckedwithcarebefore________.A.handedtheminB.themhandinginC.beinghandedinD.handingthemin9.Let’sgotothecinematonight.I________foryouatthegate.A.waitB.shallwaitC.amwaitingD.shallhavewaited10.Thechemktryclass______________forfiveminuteswhenwehurriedthere.A.hadbeenonB.wasonC.hasbeenonD.wouldbeon11.BythetimeJuangetshome,heraunt_________.A.willleaveB.leavesC.willhaveleftD.isleaving12.You’vealreadymissedtoomanyclassesthisterm.You_______twoclassesjustlastweek.A.missedB.wouldmissC.hadmissedD.havemissed13.Oneoftheguards__________whenthegeneralcamein,whichmadehimveryangry.A.hassleptB.weresleepingC.sleptD.wassleeping14.“Car17wontherace”“Yes,butitsdrivercamecloseto_______killed.”A.beingB.havingbeenC.beD.havebeen15.AboutthesixthcenturyADwhenfewEuropeanscouldread,theChinese_______paper.A.inventedB.hadinventedC.haveinventedD.hadbeeninvented16.I__________onthedoorfortenminutesnowwithoutananswer.A.wasknockingB.anknockingC.knockingD.havebeenknocking17.Televisionmakesusbetter___________thaneverbefore.A.informB.informingC.informedD.tobeinformed18.Dr.RobertwenttoNewYork,boughtsomebooksand________.A.visitinghisdaughterB.tovisithisdaughterC.visithisdaughterD.visitedhisdaughter19.Thefamousnovelissaid________intoChinese.A.tohavetranslatedB.tobetranslateC.tohavebeentranslatedD.totranslate20.I___________writingthearticlebythetimeyougetback.A.shallfinishB.musthavefinishedC.havefinishedD.shallhavefinished答案1—5.ACBDD6—10.DCCBA11—15.CADAB16—20.DCDC练习解析1.本句意为:下雨时,玛丽正在花园里散步。“散步”这个持续动作是“开始下雨”这个瞬间动作发生的背景。应该用过去进行时。选A。2.和inthepastfewyears时间状语连用的是现在完成时,而且英语是“被教”应该用被动语态,所以选C。全句意为:在过去的几年里,在我的大学,老师用新的方法教英语。3.assoonas+现在完成时表示将来完成时。选B。句意为:史密斯服完兵役后要学医。4.nexttime在这里引导一个时间状语从句,表示“下次你来的时候”。同上,选D。5.本句意为:当我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。“阳光灿烂”是持续性动作,作为一种背景,应该用过去进行时。选D。6.makeoneselfheard是固定用法,表示“使某人自己被听到”。选D。7.assoonas+现在完成时表示将来完成时。选C。句意为:你读完这本书后请立即把它还给图书馆。8.本句意为:在上交你的试验报告之前,必须仔细检查。before在这里作介词,后面应该用动名词,而试验报告应该是被上交,因此要用动名词的被动形式。选C。9.本句意为:咱们今天晚上去看电影吧。我在门口等你。根据句意,“在门口等”应该用将来时,选B。10.本句意为:我们赶到那的时候,化学课已经开始五分钟了。“开始五分钟”应该在“赶到那”动作之前,也就是过去的过去,应该用过去完成时,选A。11.本句意为:娟到家时,她的阿姨将已经走了。从时间状语从句bythetimeJuangetshome(gets,一般现在时)可以看出,“她的阿姨走”应该是发生在将来的动作,而且是她到的时候,她的阿姨应该已经走了,所以要用将来完成时。选C。12.1astweek是过去的时间状语,应该用一般过去时。选A。13.本句意为:将军进来的时候,一个士兵正在睡觉,这让将军非常生气。“睡觉”为持续性动作,要用过去进行时,选D。14.comecloseto表示“接近,差一点”,其中to是介词,后面应该用动名词。本句意为:——17号车赢得了比赛。——是的,但司机差点死掉。kill应该用被动形式,表示“被杀死”。而且这里不强调“被杀死”的动作已经完成,所以排除B,应该选A。15.本句意为:大约在公元六世纪,当欧洲人很少有人认字的时候,中国人已经发明了纸。“发明”在“认字”之前,也就是过去的过去,应该用过去完成时。选B。16.本句意为:我已经敲了十分钟的门,但没人应答。“敲门”从过去延续到现在,共持续了十分钟,没有间断。应该用现在完成进行时,选D。17.本句意为:电视使我们比以往任何时候消息更灵通。inform本意为“通知,告之”,在这里,电视应该使我们“被通知”,所以选C。18.went,bought和visited应该是并列谓语。选D。19.本句意为:这本著名的小说据说被翻译成了中文。应该是“已经被译成了中文”,所以选C。20.从时间状语从句bythetimeyougetback用一般现在时能看出,“你回来”应该是发生在将来的动作。到那时,“我将已经写完这篇文章了”,应该用将来完成时,选D。动词的时态语态专项练习一、根据句意,用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Itisafineday.Thesun__________(shine)brightly.2.They___________(visit)theScienceMuseumnextSunday.3.MrBrown__________(live)inBeijingsincehecametoChina.4.MrWang___________(teach)usEnglishtwoyearsago.5.TheSmiths_______________(watch)TVatthistimelastnight.6.We__________(learn)abouttenEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.7.Fathersaidthathe____________(buy)anewbikeformethenextFriday.8.Billisn’there.He___________(chat)withhisfriendsintheclassroom.9.Theteachersaidthatthemoon__________(go)roundtheearth.10.TheYoungPioneerswillgotothezooifit____________(notrain)thisSunday.11.Itissaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________(build)intwomonths.12.Jimaskeduswhat___________(happen)inChinain1976.13.Mymobilephone___________(steal)onabuslastweek.14.Thehost____________(interview)thelittleboyjustnow.15.TheGreens__________(watch)TVnow.16.Hesaidthathe_____________(ring)meupwhenhegotthere.17.We____________(learn)Englishforaboutthreeyears.18.Mybrother_____________(join)theLeaguein1997.19.Wheretohavethemeeting______________(discuss)now.20.Thefarmers__________(pick)appleswhenIsawthem.21.Thefilm____________(begin)whenIgottothecinema.22.ThegirltoldmethatshewantedtobeanEnglishteacherwhenshe_____(grow)up.23.Mysisterisastudentandshe_____________(study)atamiddleschoolnearby.24.MrGreen__________(travel)toseveralplacesinSouthChinasincehecamehere.25.You_________(catch)theearlybusifyougetupearly.26.Thelostboy_____________(notfind)sofar.27.I’llgohomeassoonasI___________(finish)myhomework.28.Mostsciencebooks_______________(write)inEnglish.29.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________(cut)down.30.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.31.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.32.-What_______knives

______(make)of?

-They_______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.二、下列各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正过来。1.Iwasonlyfourwhenmygrandmotherpassesaway.2.Unfortunately,bythetimeIgotback,theyhavefinishedthescene.3.Ihavebeenpractisingforthreeweeksnow,butIstillcouldn’tgetusedtoit.4.Ifyoulikeyourfriends,youwillenjoyeveryminutethatyouspentwiththem.5.Onedayhewashavingayardsaleandtheoldmanlivingnextdoorcomebytohelp.6.ThisisthefirsttimethatIhadbeenawayfrommyfamilyforsuchalongtime.7.We’vebeenfriendseversinceweareatschooltogether.8.Itwillbeawhilebeforewewillknowtheresults.9.AlicehasreturnedtoAmericaandIdon’tknowwhenIseeheragain.10.Aswasoftenthecase,wheneverIcalledSam,heistalkingonthephone.11.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.12.Theteachertoldusthatthesunroseintheeast.13.Doyouwanttoknowwhywemovelastweek?14.AtalkonAmericanculturewillbegivingintheschoolhallthisweekend.15.Whenyougetthepaperback,payspecialattentiontowhathavemarked.16.Thesoupwastastedsodeliciousthatthewholefamilyenjoyedit.三、将下列各主动句改为被动句。1.Theypayusverybadly._________________________________________________________2.Theyofferedmeapayrise._______________________________________________________3.Theyarestilldiscussingthesametopic._____________________________________________4.Someonewasfollowingus.______________________________________________________5.Theywilllendussomemoney.____________________________________________________6.Theymusthaveredecoratedtheirhouse.____________________________________________7.Nobodyhasseenherforthelasttwoweeks._________________________________________8.Theyadvisedustobuyanewcar._________________________________________________9.Peoplesaythatheisadriver._____________________________________________________10.Theyusedtocutthismaterialbyha

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