人教版高中英语必修4知识点完整总结

人教版高中英语必修4知识点全面总结

必修1Unit1

Parti词汇

1.behavev.

①［+adv./prep.］举动，表现

Eg.Shehasbeenbehavedratheroddly.她一直表现颇为古怪。

②(使)举止规矩有礼(+yourself)

Eg.Didchildrenbehavethemselves?孩子们表现乖不乖？

A词语拓展

behaviorn.举止，行为

A即学即练

1.Thejudgesaidthemurdererlikeanimals.

2.Tomwonaprizeforgoodatschool.

Key:l.hadbehaved2.behavior

2.observevt.

［过去式observed过去分词observed现在分词observing］

①看到，注意到；

Eg.Shepretendednottoobserveit.

②观察，监视；

Eg.Thepoliceobservedhimenter/enteringthebankwithagun.

③遵守，奉行法律/协议或习俗

Eg.Alltheserulesmustbestrictlyobserved.

A词语拓展

adv.

observingly注意观察地

n.

observation观察；监视；观察报告

observer观察者；［天］观测者；遵守者

observance惯例;遵守;仪式；庆祝

A即学即练

用observe的正确形式填空。

1.Everywemakeinvolvestheexchangeofenergy.

2.Ithinkthat'swhatIlearnedfromhim:howtobean

Key:1.observation2.observer

3.respectvt.

尊敬；敬重；钦佩：

Allstudentsshouldrespecttheirteachers.

凡是学生就应当尊敬老师。

尊重；重视；遵守；不妨害；避免打扰：

Sherespectedherfather'slastwishesandburnedallhisphotos.

她遵从父亲的遗愿，将他的相片统统烧掉。

关心；考虑；关于；涉及：

torespecttheopinionsofothers

考虑别人的意见

Thetermsoftheagreementrespecttheboundarylinebetweenthetwocountries.

协议的条款涉及两国间的边界线。

adj.

respectable值得尊敬的；人格高尚的；相当数量的

respectful恭敬的；有礼貌的

A词语链接

haverespectfor关心；考虑，尊重；尊敬

haverespectto考虑到；注意到，关系到；牵涉到

holdsomeoneinrespect尊敬某人

showrespectfor对...表示尊敬（或尊重）

respectoneself自重，自尊

A即学即练A

选用上述词语完成下列句子。

1.Oncetheyarefondofagirlandher,theywillneverdisappointherunderany

circumstances.

2.Torespectothersisto.

3.Buteachgenerationgrowsupintoparents,readytobeterrifiedtodeathofthenext

one.

4.Gradually,theybegantolookatmewitheyes.

Key:I.haverespectfor2.respectoneself3.respectable4.respectful

4.inspirevt.

鼓舞；激励：

Hisspeechinspiredthesoldiers.

他的演说使士兵们大受鼓舞。

激发；激起；唤起（思想、感情等）（常与in连用）：

toinspireenthusiasminsomebody

激发某人的热情

A词语拓展

adj.

inspired有灵感的；官方授意的

inspiring鼓舞人心的；灌输的；启发灵感的

n.

inspiration灵感；鼓舞；吸气；妙计

A词语链接

Inspiresbtodosth鼓励某人做某事

A即学即练

完成下列句子。

1.Whatanshewastoallaroundher!

2.Herspeechyesterdaymadeus.

Key:1.inspiration2.Inspiringinspired

辨析：inspire与encourage

encourage表示“鼓励，激励”的意思时，可以和inspire互换，但是encourage是普通用语,

重在信心鼓励，而inspire是较为正式的用语，重在行动和启发灵感。

用encourage/inspire填空

1.Hemetoapplyforthejob.

2.Thispoetwasbynaturalsceneryandwrotemanygreatpoems.

Key:1.encouraged2.inspired

5.argue以争论，辩论；提出理由，辩论，争论；证明；说服

Eg.Hertemperamentdisposedhertoarguereadilywithpeople.

她的急躁脾气使她动不动就与人争吵。

A词语拓展

Argumentn.争辩，争吵，争论

Arguableadj.有论据的，可论证的

A词语链接

Arguewithsbabout/oversth和某人争吵某事

Arguesbinto/outofdoingsth劝说某人做/不做某事

Arguefor为…而辩论

Argueagainst为反对…而辩论

A词语辨析argue,quarrel,discussftdebate

Ai晔强调就自己的看法/立场提出论证说理，以说服他人

Quarrel强调为琐事而进行争吵

Discuss强调交换意见，进行讨论，不含有说服对方的成分

Debate指在正式场合，和意见对立的一方进行全面的/彻底的辩论，强调各述理由

A即学即练

选用上述词语完成下列句子。

1.Hethatthisexperimentcouldbedoneinanotherway.

2.Theywerefuriouslywitheachotheraboutwhoseturnitwastocookthedinner

3.Haveyouwhenyouwillstarttheproject.

4.Thesubjectwashotlylastyear.

Key：1,argued2,quarrelling3.discussed4.debated

6.worthwhileadj.值得做的，值得花时间/金钱的

Eg.Wehadalongwait,butitwasworthwhilebecausewegottheticket.

等很长时间也是值得的，因为我们已经买到票了。

A词语辨析：worthwhile,worth和worthy

worthwhile指值得花时间,金钱的，可作定语。如：aworthwhileexperiment;也可以作表语,

常用于句型：itisworthwhiletodo/doingsth.如：itisworthwhiletohelpsuchanobleman.

Worlhy（作定语）值得尊敬的,值得重视的，值得的

常见搭配：

beworthyof+n./beingdone;

beworthytobedone

Worth（作表语）值得的

搭配：beworth+n./doing（主动表被动），表示“非常值得…”要说bewellworth+n./doing

A即学即练

用上述词汇翻译下列各句

1,这个问题非常值得讨论。

2,值得花一生的时间去学习。

Keys;1,Thisproblemiswellworthydiscussion/discussing.

2,Itisworthwhiletospentwholelifelearning.

7.connectionn.联系，关系connectv.连接，联结

Eg.ThecompanyhasaconnectionwithanumberofJapanesefirms.

这个公司和很多日本的公司有联系。

A词语链接

Inconnectionwith与..有关；关于

A即学即练

1.Thereisastrongwithsmokingandheartdisease.

2.ThisrailwaylineEnglandandEdinburgh.

Key：1.Connection2,connects

8.achievementn.［C］成就；功绩；［U］实现；完成；达到

A词汇拓展

achievev.取得,实现

achieveanaim/agoal达至lj目标

achievesuccess获得成功

HereceivedtheNobelPrizeforhisscientificachievements.

他因科学上取得的成就而获得诺贝尔奖。

FlyingacrosstheAtlanticforthefirsttimewasagreatachievement.首次飞越大西洋是一个伟

大的功绩。

A即学即练

完成句子

①没有人民的支持，我们将一事无成。

Withoutthesupportofthepeoplewecan.

②我只完成了我所希望完成的工作的一半。

IhaveachievedonlyhalfofIhopetodo.

③祝贺你获得这样完美的胜利。

Congratulationstoyou(介词)suchacompletevictory.

Key:①achievenothing②what(3)onachieving

9.Intendvt.&vi.计划，打算

A常用结构：

beintendedfor专供...使用；专为而设计

intendtodo/doing打算...

intendsb.todosth.打算让某人做某事

Thiskindofbicycleisintendedforpeoplewhoaretooshort.

这种自行车是专为身材矮小的人设计的。

Today,Iintendtofinishreadingthisnovel.

今天我打算读完这本小说。

Iintendyoutotakeovermycareer.

我打算让你接管我的事业。

A即学即练

单项填空

①Thebook,forhersister,waslostinthemail.

A.intendedaspleasantsurprise

B.intendingaspleasantsurprise

C.intendedasapleasantsurprise

D.intendingfbrpleasantsurprise

②MissWanghadtocatchthefirstbus,butshedid'tgetupearlyenough.

A.TurnedB.comeC.intendedD.Promised

Key:①解析:选Cointendsth.forsb.意为“为某人准备某物”,book与intend之间呈被动关系,

因此用过去分词短语作定语；surprise在这里用单数，表示“一个惊喜，

②解析：选C。intend有“打算”的意思，用过去完成时，表示“曾打算如此，但没有做成”。

10.Delivervt.接生（小孩）；递送；发表（演说等）

A常见结构：

deliverababy接生小孩；生小孩

deliversth.to...把某物送到...

Thebabywasdeliveredinaclinic.

孩子是在一个医疗站接生的。

ComradeYangdeliveredtheopeningspeech.

杨同志致了开幕词。

A词汇拓展

deliveryn.送货；交付

expressdelivery快递

ondelivery送达时；货到时

A即学即练

完成句子

①一些新书已经送到学校了。

Somenewbookshavetheschool.

②演员用他温柔的声音演讲。

Theactorhisspeechasoftvoice.

Key:①beendelivered;to②delivered/gave;in

part2短语

1.Lookdownon/upon轻视，看不起

Eg.Thereisalwayssomebodywholooksdownonthepoor.

A词语链接

lookonsb./sth.as把某人/某物看作

=considersb./sth.as

lookon袖手旁观；观望

lookintosth.调查；观察某事物

lookup查阅（单词、资料）；向上看；好转

look（sb.）upanddown上下打量（某人）

lookoutforsb./sth.警惕或留心某人/某物

lookbackto回顾；回忆

lookabout/around环顾四周

lookafter照料；照看

lookforwardto盼望；期待

lookfor寻找

looklike看起来像

lookover检查；检阅

lookthrough浏览；检查

lookupto尊敬

A印学即练

(1)完成句子

①Hewas(被人看不起)becauseofhishumblebackground.

②Heis(被认为是)theleadingauthorityonthesubject.

(3)Ifyouwanttoknowhowawordisused,it(查阅)inadictionary.

(2)选词填空(lookup/lookdownon/lookforwardto/lookinto)

①I'mgoingtoyourparty.

②Thepolicehavereceivedthecomplaint,andtheyareit.

(3)Weshouldnotmanuallabour.

©Pleasethesewordsinyourdictionary.

Key:(1)©lookeddownon②lookedonas③look;up

(2)①lookingforwardto②lookinginto③lookdownon(4)lookup

2.Referto(to为介词)提及，查阅，参考

Heisnotthepersonireferredtojustnow.

他不是我刚刚提及的那个人。

A类似结构：

Beusedto习惯于payattentionto注意

Belongto属于getdownto着手

Objectto反对

A词汇拓展

refertosb./sth.as把某人/物称作

refersth.to把某事提交

refersb.to让某人向……求助

A词汇辨析

referto/consult/lookup

referto和consult都可作“查阅（词典、参考书等）”讲，表此意时两词可以互换。

lookup意为“（在词典、时刻表等中）查找……

Weagreednevertorefertothematteragain.

我们同意不再谈论这件事了。

ShethoughtIwasreferringtoherdaughterwhenweweretalking.

当我们谈话时她以为我指的是她的女儿。

A即学即练

（1）完成句子

①Althoughshedidn'tmentionanynames,everyoneknewwhoshewas（谈到）.

②Hegavethespeech（没有参阅）hisnotes.

③Helikesto（被称为）“DoctorKhee”.

@Mydoctorme（向...求助）ahospitalspecialist.

（2）单项填空

①Theprofessoratthemeetingwillgiveusalecturenextweek.

A.ReferredB.referredto

C.ReferringD.referringto

②Ifyouarenotsureofthemeaningofthisword,youcanthedictionary.

A.refertoB.lookup

C.SeeD.makeuseof

③Duringhisstayinourcollege,heoftenbeganhistalkbythispastexperienceasa

soldier.

A.turningtoB.referringto

C.stickingtoD.speakingto

©Usingalongstick,theteacheraplaceonthemapandaskedthechildrentonameit.

A.gotdowntoB.pointedto

C.referredtoD.cameto

Key:(l)©referringto©withoutreferringto(3)berefeiTedtoas④referred;to

⑵①解析：选B。句意为：在会议上被提到的那位教授下周将给我们作一次讲座。用refer

io的过去分词形式作后置定语，表示被动。

②解析：选Aoreferto在句中作“查阅”讲，B项结构应为lookupthewordinthedictionaryo

③解析：选Bo考查词义辨析。turnto的意思是“求助于”，但其宾语是人，不可以是物；refer

to的意思是“参考；查询；谈到；提到"；stickto的意思是“坚持

④解析：选B。考查短语辨析。geldownI。的意思是“开始；着手”，后跟名词或动名词；

pointto的意思是“指着；指向“；referto的意思是“参考；提到“；cometo的意思是“达到”。

3.Bychance偶然地，碰巧地(=byaccident)

Eg.Ifindmybookbychanceinapileofoldbooks.

我在一堆旧书中偶然地找到了我的书。

A词语链接

Haveachance有机会，有希望givesbachance给某人一个机会

Getachance得到一个机会missachance错过，失去一次机会

Takethechance冒险，碰运气

A即学即练

选用上述词语完成下列句子。

1.However,ifIweretomeethimIwouldgladlytoaskhimmanyquestions.

2.1neverofplayingfootball.

3.1tohaveanotherjobbutIdon'tknowwhattodo

Key:1.takethechance2.missachance3.getachance

4.Comeacross(不用被动语态)偶遇，偶然发现

Eg.Icameacrosssomeoldpicturesintheattic.

我在阁楼偶然发现了一些旧照片。

A词语链接

Comeabout发生comeinto进入，进入...状态

Comeout出来，出现comeupwith赶上

Comeupto走近，符合，达到

A即学即练

完成下列句子。

(1)单项填空

MrBrown,couldyoutellmehowthedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish?

A.cameaboutB.cameto

C.cameupD.cameacross

(2)用come短语的适当形式填空

①Isomenewwordswhilereading.

②Hisnewbookwillnextmonth.

③Sheanewideaforincreasingsales.

@Canyoutellmehowtheaccident?

⑤Howdiditthatheknewwherewewere?

Key:(l)解析：选A。考查词义辨析。comeaboul意为“产生”，符合句意；comelo意为“达到

(某个数字)"；comeacross意为“偶然遇到；从..上走”；comeup意为“来到

(2)①cameacross②comeout③cameupwith④cameabout⑤comeabout

5.Carefor【正式】喜欢，想要(一般用于否定句和疑问句中)，照顾

Eg.Shecaresforhersickmother.

她照顾她生病的妈妈。

A词语链接

Careabout在乎，介意(多用于否定句和疑问句中)

A即学即练

翻译下列句子。

L他根本你不在乎你说什么。

2.你是不是还想要点茶?

Key:1.Hedoesnotcareaboutwhatyousayatall.

2.Wouldyoucareforsomemoretea?

6.devote..to/devoteoneselfto..把••贡献给・・，专心于・・

Eg.Ifyouwanttoachievesomething,youmusthavetimetodevotetoyourprojectsandhave

enoughmoneytoliveaccordingtoyourgoals.

如果你想得到什么，必须有时间投入项目，并有足够物质条件按照自己的目标生活。

A词语链接

Devote(oneself)todoingsth献身做某事

Devote(oneselOtosth献身于某事

A即学即练

翻译下列句子。

1.人只有献身社会，才能找出那实际上是短暂而且有风险的生命的意义

Key;Onlytodevoteoneselftothesocietycanfindthesignificanceoftheactuallyshortandrisky

life.

7.carryon继续；坚持

Eg.Let'scarryonourhomework.

让我们继续做我们的家庭作业。

Wemustcarryonuntiltherescueteamarrived.

我们必须坚持下去直到救援队到来。

A词汇拓展

carryout执行；实施

carryaway带走；冲走

carryoff夺去

Wewillcarryouttheplanassoonasitismade.

这个计划一制定出来，我们就会执行。

Weplantedmanytreestostopthewaterfromcarryingawaythesoil.我们种这么多树的目的是

阻止土壤流失。

A即学即练

单项填空

DoyoumindifIwithmyworkwhileyouaregettingteaready.

A.carryoutB.comeon

C.carryonD.goover

Key：选C。carry。。在这里是“继续下去''的意思。A项有一定干扰性。carryout也有“进

行，开展”的意思，然而carryon为不及物动词，而carryout为及物动词。

词汇短语同步练习

题组1:

一.翻译下列必背短语

1.轻视，看不起______________________

2.继续，坚持___________________

3.离开,启程，出发__________________

4.献身做某事_______________________

5.过着...的生活_______________

6.走近，符合，达到________________________

7.碰巧，凑巧_______________________

8眉险，碰运气_______________________

9.查阅，参考，谈到__________________

10.回忆___________________

11.（偶然）遇见，碰见

12.调查____________________

二.单项选择

1.Measureshavetobetakentoteachyoungpeoplehowtothemselvesbothinfamily

andinschool.Theydon'tknowthebasicmanners.

A.doB.performC.behaveD.work

2.Beforemyfathermovedoff,hetoldmeagainandagainthatIshouldtherulesand

regulationsoftheschool.

A.makeB.watchC.remainD.observe

3.Itisrequiredbytheauthoritiesofschoolthatstudentsshouldbetreatedbytheir

teachersbuthowcanateacherrespectthemwhenthestudentsshownorespectforhim?

A.inrespectB.withrespectC.fbrrespectD.byrespect

4.Stopmeanddowhatyouhavebeentold.

A.toarguewithB.arguingwithC.arguingD.toargue

5.Aftermeetingthebeautifulyounggirl,theyoungmanlayonhisbed,wideawake,with

wonderfulideasintohismind.

A.crossingB.enteringC.crowdingD.reaching

6.Thereisnoneedfbryoutolookupeverynewwordyouwhenreading.Youhaveto

learnhowtoguessthemeaningsofnewwordaccordingtothecontext.

A.comeupwithB.comeoutC.comealongwithD.comeacross

7.Asalaid-offworker,itishardforherfathertothefamily,letalonesendhischildrento

keyschools.

A.bringupB.raiseC.supportD.supply

8.1alwayslookthosewhoneverlookothers,eventhoughtheyhaveachievedgreat

achievements.

A.downon;uptoB.downupon;uptoC.forwardto;downonD.upto;downon

9.Mostyoungpeopledon'twantthekindoflifethattheirparents.

A.tolead;usedtoliveB.living;usedtoliveC.tolive;usedtolivingD.leading;

usedtolive

10.Doyoustillrememberthekeypointsthatinhisreport?Idon'trememberthemall.

A.referredtoB.werereferredC.hewasreferredtoD.werereferredto

11.Howdidyoumanagetogetsuchaniceoldpainting?

--Quite.

A.byaccidentsB.byachanceC.byaccidentD.byincident

12.Withtheimprovementofpeople'slivingconditions,mostmothersinhospitals.

A.havedeliveredtheirbabiesB.haveborntheirbabies

C.havetheirbabiesbornD.havetheirbabiesdelivered

Key：

I.Lookdownon/upon2.Moveoff

3.Lead..alife4.Bychance

5.Referto6.Comeacross

7.Carryon8.Devotetodosth

9.ComeuptolO.Takethechance

11.Lookback12.Lookinto

二.1-5CDBBC6-10DCDAD11-12CD

题组2：

一.完成句子

1.They（离开）beforedawn,hopingtogettothenextvillageatnoon.

2.Thecomputersintheteachers1office（专门为..而设计）teachersonly.

3.Itiswrongforusto（看不起）thedisabled.

4.HetookmyEnglishbookaway（碰巧）.

5.Don?tlooseheartwheneveryou（遇见，遇至U）difficulty.

6.Wouldyoumind（照顾）mybabywhileiamaway?

7.Onceshestoppedworking,somestrangethoughts（涌上心头）.

8.Whoisthewomanhe（谈及）justnow?

二.单项选择

1.Thebook,whichchildren,becamepopularwithadults.

A.wasplannedforB.wasmeantbyC.wasintendedfbrD.wasdesignedby

2.Whateverhappens,theyaredeterminedtothestruggletotheend.

A.carryonB.goonC.continueonD.insiston

3.Youshouldthesebadhabits.

A.getyourselfridofB.ridyourselfofC.getridofyourselfwithD.ridofyourself

with

4.1wouldratheryoumethetruth;thenwhathashappenedwouldnothavehappened.

A.totellB.tellC.toldD.hadtold

5.Operationroomsshouldbekeptfreebacteriaofanykind.

A.withB.forC.fromD.to

6.Iregretyouthatmysisterregrettedyouherdate.Youarenotthekindofperson

shewants.

A.telling;makingC.totell;tomakeC.telling;tomakeD.totell;making

7.-Wouldyouliketoontheperformancesofmystudents?

-Sorry,butIamnotinthepositiontodoso.

A.havecommentonB.makeacommentonC.saysomecommentaboutD.raisea

commenton

8.Thereisnopointarguingaboutwhattheaccident.Thepointiswhattodowiththe

victimsofit.

A.ledtoB.causedtoC.accountedtoD.resultedfrom

9.Whenreading,youshouldyourattentiononthemainideaandthestructureofthe

passage,notonspecificwordsorsentences.

A.payB.focusC.putD.expand

10.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,thetotalamountofexporthas40%inthefirstquarter

oftheyear.

A.cutdownbyB.reducedtoC.beencutdown;toD.reducedby

Keys：

1.Movedoff2.Areintendedfor3.Lookdownupon4.Bychance5.

Comeacross

6.Takingcareof7.Crowdin8.Referredto

二.1-5CABDC6—10DBABD

Part3：语法：主语和谓语动词的一致

一、概述：

1)语法形式上要一致，即用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致，

2)意义上要一致，即主语和谓语的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义

二、分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。

I语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

(1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用

单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。

例如：Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.

Readinginthesunisbadfbryoureyes.Whathesaidistrue.

【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复

数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。

例如：WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddohasnothingtodowithyou.

★|apairof+表无生命的名词+单数谓语|；|apairof+表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓

圈：

例如：Thispairofshoesisnotmine.Thehappypairis/aregoingtoHawaiifor

theirhoneymoon.

（2）“单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数：

例如：YouandIaregoodfriends.Theboyandthegirlweresosurprisedwhenthey

heardthenews.

【注意】★如果and并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：

a/the+单数名词（人）+and+单数名词（人）+单数谓语

a/the+单数名词（人）+and+a/the+单数名词（人）+复数谓语

例如：Thedancerandsingerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.

Thedancerandthesingerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.

★由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana（an）,

manya（an）修饰时,

其谓语动词要用单数形式：

例如：Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.

Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.

Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.

★有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主

语时，谓语单词用单数。这类名词词组有：

knifeandfork刀叉needleandthread针线breadandbutter面包和黄油

fishandchips炸鱼加薯条thestarsandstripes星条旗

FishandchipsisapopularfastfoodinEngland.

ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagoftheU.S.A.

(3)主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,

ratherthan,morethan,

nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式：

例如：Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.

Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.

Theteacher,aswellastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.

(4)each;each+单数可数名词；eachof+复数名词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：

例如：Eacharrivesontime.

Eachofthebuildingispaintedadifferentcolor.

(5)由any,some,no,every与body,one,thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分，谓

语用单数：

例如：Everybodyisdoinghisbest.

Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.

(6)在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一

致：

例如：Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.

试比较:Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.

Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.

★noneof+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；而在“the

onlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数

(7)如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数;

如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式，这些词有army,family,audience,

club,class,group,organization,troop等：

例如：Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.Theclasswereallcheerful.

Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.

Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplans.

【注意】★people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数：Thepolicearelookingforthelost

child.

(8)在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致：

例如：Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.

【练一练】

1.BetweenthetworoadsaTVtowercalled"SkyscraperTower”.

A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand

2.-HaveyouheardthatTom,alongwithhisparents,toFrance?

—Really?NowonderIhaven'tseenhimthesedays.

A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.havebeenD.have

gone

3.Thereapairoftrousersonthebed.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have

4.andaregoingabroadnextThursday?Whichofthefollowingiswrong?

A.Thefather;sonB.Thesinger;dancerC.Asinger;adancerD.He;I

5.Aandhasbeenboughtforyou.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?

A.goldwatch;chainB.knife;forkC.desk;butD.pen;

pencil

6.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairsintheroom.

A.areB.isstayedC.isD.has

7.Everystudentandeveryteacher.

A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeeting

C.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting

8.TheNewYorkTimesallovertheUnitedStates.

A.isreadB.isreadingC.arereadD.are

reading

9.Theretobesomethingwrongwithhissister,?

A.seem;isn'titB.seems;doesn'tthereC.seem;isn'tthereD.seems;

doesn'tit

10.IthinkTom,you,toblame.

A.ratherthan;isB.ratherthan;areC.morethan;areD.less

than;is

11.Thespeakersatthemeetingagreedthatthewaysinwhichtelevisioncaneducatea

personalmostinfinite.

A.beB.areC.isD.are

12.“Ifanybody,pleaseputdownname,“saidtheteachertothemonitor.

A.wantstobuythebook;hisB.wanttobuythebook;their

C.willbuythebook;one'sD.wantstohavethebookbought;

her

13.Myfamilylargeandmyfamilyreading.

A.is;enjoyB.is;enjoysC.are;enjoyD.are;

enjoys

14.ThecustomsandcultureofAmericaverymuchlikeofEngland.

A.is;thatB.are;thoseC.havebeen;theonesD.has

been;theone

15.Onlyoneofthestudentswhopresenttospeakatthemeeting.

A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are

2.逻辑意义一致原则：谓语动词的数须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数，但意义

为复数：有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。)

(1)what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思来决

定：

例如：Whichisyoufavoritesubject?Whichareyourfavoritesubjects?

Allisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing.

(2)表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词复数作主语时，因常表示一个整体的概念，谓

语动词常用单数形式：

例如：Eighthoursofsleepisenough.Tendollarsistoomuchtopayfortheshirt.

(3)复数形式的专有名词，如书名、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语用单数:

例如：TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.

TheThameshasalargepopulation.

(4)一些学科名词是以-ics结尾,如：mathematics,politics,physics,以及news,works等,

都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义是单数名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式:

例如：Worldeconomicshasadirecteffectonworldpeace.

Physicswashermajor.

(5)“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数：

例如：Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.

Thegoodarewellrewarded,andthebadpunished.

【练一练】

16.is.Whichiswrong?

A.Twodays;alongvacationforthestudentsB.Oneandahalfdollars;notenough.

C.TheNewYorkTimes;publisheddailyC.800miles;longdistance

17.Therichnotalwayshappy.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

18.Whatsheleftmeafewoldbooks.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

19.Tenminutesanhourwhenoneiswaitinsforaphonecall.

A.isB.areC.seemsD.seem

20.ThePhilippinesofmorethan7.000islands.

A.consistsB.consistC.makeupD.makes

up

3.就近原则：谓语动词的人称与最近的主语保持一致。

(1)当两个主语由or;either...or;neither...nor;whether...or...;notonly...butalso连接时，

谓语动词和邻近的主语一致：

例如：GeorgeorIamwrong.

EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.

NeithermybrothernorIamgoingtothesummercamp.

Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.

(2)therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致:(here

引导的句子用法相同)

例如：Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.

Therearetwentygirlsandonlyoneboyinourclass.

【练一练】

21.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_______tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.

A.isB.areC.amD.be

22.Eithertheteachersorthepresident_______themeeting.

A.attendsB.attendC.areattendingD.haveattended

23.Themanagerorhissecretary_______togiveyouaninterview.

A.isB.areC.wereD.have

24.Neitherofyoursuggestions_______sense.

A.makesB.make