2025年牛津深圳版中考英语专题复习完形填空讲义

中考专题完形填空学习重难点中考复习专题完形填空学习目标了解完型填空题型的特点能掌握完形填空6个解题注意事项，巧用线索法解题教学内容完型填空解题技巧完整填空：一般在文中的第一句和最后一句不会挖空。主要涉及到动词、名词（含代词）、形容词、副词、介词、连词也常出现。做完形填空题要注意整体性原则，强调对文章整体的理解。就内容而言，它又有前因后果、地点、时间、人物等要素。所以，第一步应通读全文，了解大意。其次注意词与词、句与句、主句与分句之间的连贯性与衔接性。因此，在做题时必须始终注意上下文之间，词与词之间从意义到语法上的合理搭配。诚然，弄懂第一句和最后一句也事关全局。与此同时，还不可忽略文中的过渡词。在解题时可按以下步骤和方法进行。（1）通读全文，了解大意。通读全文时，跳过空格快速阅读，弄清文章的基本含义。先快速阅读全文，可使我们对文章的整体结构和中心思想有个基本的了解。有利于进一步把握全文所讲内容，篇章结构，时态语态的变化，为后面的答题创造条件，但通读宜粗、直、快。切忌看一句做一句，看一空填一空，断章取意，那会进入误区，即使所填答案符合本句要求，也未必符合全文的要求。通读的目的仅在于掌握大意，切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句的推敲上。（2）重视首句的开篇启示作用完形填空所采用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的首句通常用以点明短文的性质，如叙事、议论等，这是我们探索短文全貌的“窗口”，可以以首句的时态、语态为立足点进行思考，判断文章的体裁，推测全文的大意及主题，所以应该重视首句的启示作用。（3）抓住关键词，根据上下文解题解题时，要遵循忠于全文大意和主题这一原则，联系上下文展开逻辑推理分析，要迅速找出那些在短文中起重要作用的关键词，了解所提问题的特定语境，语篇中的内在关系。在解题过程中，应遵循“先易后难”的原则，遇到个别难题不易判断时，可先跳过去，去解决那些靠上下文能确定的，比较直接明确的问题，随着下文的展开和文章的深入，或许在前面难以判断的题，下文就有暗示，甚至有明确的表示。因此，在选择答案时，应特别注意联系前后句，充分利用上下文为确定答案提供有用信息。（4）重读全文，验证答案在全部空格补全以后，一定要根据填好的答案重读全文，看文章是否流畅，前后是否矛盾，语法结构是否无误。如果发现哪些地方读起来不流畅，那就说明那里有毛病，就要进行仔细推敲，验证。在具体的操作中应注意以下6个问题：1）看清上下文，找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：1.Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery______A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous2.Mrs.O’Neillasked_________questionsandshedidn’tscolduseither.A.noB.certainC.manyD.more2）通顺逻辑，寻求搭配注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：Here’safellowwhojustwalkedintoabankandhelpedhimself_______somuchmoney.A.forB.byC.toD.of3）扎实基础，搞清辨异在此类试题的命制上，往往是以同类的词为主，我们不需要去进行具体的辨析，但是我们也要根据文章的意思来进行推断。如：SoonIhearda________likethatofadoorburstinandthenaclimboffeet.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shoutWhenthepaperswere__________

shediscoveredthattwelveboyshadmadeexactly…A.examined

B.pleted

C.marked

D.answered4）看清执行者，确定所选词Andvideocamerascanbeusedto＿＿＿＿＿people’sactionsathome.A.keepB.makeC.recordD.watch5）寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon________stillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.A.andB.forC.butD.as6）了解生活常识，确定相关知识(Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe＿＿＿＿＿hospital.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest完形填空解题技巧：巧用线索法所谓线索法，指的是根据文章上下文所提供的故事背景和语境线索进行推理和判断，从而确定最佳答案。具体说来有以下几种行之有效的方法。1.巧用语意转折线索解题有些句子含有表示转折或对比的连词、副词或副词短语，如but，though，although，instead，however，onthecontrary，otherwise等，我们可利用这些暗示来解决问题。有时也可能没有这些词语的出现。如：Aformalletterisverydifferentfromaninformalletter.Formalletters___1___tobusinesses，schoolsorgovernmentoffices.___2___lettersareforrelatives，orformer（以前的）teachers.Youmaywriteaninformalletterbyhand，butyoushould___3___aformalletter.1.A.sendB.arewrittenC.writeD.aredropped2.A.InformalB.FormalC.BusinessD.Relative3.A.copyB.typeC.writeD.share2.巧用因果关系线索解题即根据上下文的因果关系进行推断，从而得出所需答案。如：Itwasastrangenoisethatmadetheman___1___hiscarsoonafterheleftavillage___2___London.Hegotoutofhiscarand___3___thewheels（车轮）carefully，butashefoundnothing___4___hecontinuedhisway.1.A.startB.stopC.slowD.speed2.A.toB.forC.fromD.of3.A.repairedB.examinedC.cleanedD.looked4.A.wrongB.dangerC.interestingD.matter3.巧用具体示例线索解题即根据文章中所提供的具体实例进行分析，将与具体示例有关的信息进行优选，将与具体示例无关的信息进行排除，从而便可得出所需答案。如：Everystudentmustweartheir___1___whentheyareatschool.Thereare___2___itemsofuniforms：suits，dresses，shorts，skirtsandTshirts.TherearealsoWasleyschoolbags，capsandsocks.1.A.longhairB.thickglassesC.sportsshoesD.schooluniforms2.A.muchB.threeC.manyD.alot4.巧用同义反义线索解题Thoughheisseriousinappearance，heneverfailstobeinteresting.Oftenheisclever，sometimeseven______andgay…A.worriedB.brightC.discouragingD.friendlyAsitturnedout，mylittlepublicationwentontobeeStudent，anationalmagazineforyoungpeopleintheU.K.MywifeandIhavetwochildren，andI‘dliketothinkwearebringingthemupinthesamewayDad______me.A.controlledB.fortedC.remindedD.raised即根据文章所提供的内容，同时结合一定的生活常识，对所推断的内容进行逻辑推理和逻辑顺序。如：IwenttoWasleyCollegewithWinnictoday.Wasleyisalarge，old___1___.Ithasthreebranchcampuses（分校）：Clunes，GlenWaverlyandElasterwick.Ithasaprimaryschool，a___2___schoolandaseniorschool.Sotherearetwelvegradesof___3___studyingthere.1.A.schoolB.factoryC.movieD.hospital2.A.nightB.juniorC.highD.sparetime3.A.workersB.boysC.studentsD.teachers6.巧用语篇标志线索解题语篇一般指比单个句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语可称为语篇标志。如：表示结果层次的语篇标志语有firstly，secondly，thirdly，finally等；表示逻辑关系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示改变话题的有bytheway等；表示时间关系的有before，sofar，yet，now，later等。在做完形填空题时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。如：Firstofall，Irespectedhisdevotiontoteaching…______，Iadmiredthefactthathewouldtalktostudentsoutsidetheclassroomortalk…Finally，Iwasattractedbyhislivelysenseofhumor.（全国卷）LaterB.SecondlyC.HoweverD.Therefore7.巧用结构对比线索解题在做完形填空题时，有时会遇到两个结构十分相似的句子，此时同学们应认真比较其结构特点，或根据其相似性推断空格处所填之词，或根据文章的上下文语境判断两个（或几个）相似结构之间的逻辑关系。如：Irealizedstrengthandcouragearen’talwaysmeasuredinmedalsandvictories，butinthestrugglesweovere（战胜）。Thestrongestpeoplearenotalwaysthepeoplewhowin，______thepeoplewhodon’tgiveupwhentheylose.A.orB.norC.andD.butThecorrectwatersupplyforecastisbasedmoreonthewaterfromthe______thanfromthebelow.（辽宁卷）cloudsB.skyC.airD.above8.巧用语境暗示线索解题有的空格根据所在句的句意或附近上下文的语境我们无法作出正确的选择，要想作出正确判断，同学们应特别注意空格前后所出现的相关词语，尤其注意找出其中重复出现的暗示性词语。如：FourstudentsfromBurlingtonCollegeofHigherEducationareinthebelltowerofthe______havemadeuptheirmindstoringthebellsnonstopfortwoweeksasaprotest（抗议）againstheavytruckswhichrundayandnightthroughthenarrowHighStreet.（全国卷）A.collegeB.villageC.townD.churchButthenagain，wouldtherebeachairinRoom316？Orwoulditbea（n）______room？A.smallB.emptyC.newD.neat三、完形填空(共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～45各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。Thousandsofyearsago,humandidn'tliveintowns.Sometimestheywouldliveincavesorbuildcamps(宿营地)intheforest.Onlyaboutthirtypeople36ineachcamp.Themenwouldgohuntingwhilethewomenandchildren37foodfromthetreesaroundthecamp.Allthefoodwas38betweeneveryoneinthegroup.Everyfewweekstheymovedtoanotherplacetofindmorefood.Itwasasimplelife,butpeoplehadtobe39Theyhadtomakeeverythingthattheyneeded,andtheyhadtoknowalotaboutplantsandanimals.Nowadaysmostpeopleliveintownsandcities,andtheyworkinofficesandfactories.Lifeis40thanintheolddays.Therearefewer41,butthereislessexcitement.Somepeoplego42excitement—sailingroundtheworld,climbingmountains,orexploringcaves.Mostpeoplelookforwardtothe43,atimewhentheycanenjoyachangefromtheirnormallife.Forsomethismeansgoingcamping.Butcampingtodayis44fromcampinginthepast.Gascookers,readymadefoodandairbedsmeanpeoplecancampmuchmore45thantheydidintheoldtimes.36.A..livedB.talkedC.cameD.danced37.A.plantedB.collectedC.watchedD.bought38.A.foundB.usedC.sharedD.sold39.A.politeB.kindC.carefulD.clever40.A.worseB.fasterC.easierD.harder41.A.dangersB.storiesC.peopleD.animals42.A.waitingforB.lookingforC.turningonD.puttingon43.A.dreamsB.giftsC.mealsD.holidays44.A.awayB.differentC.freeD.far45.A.slowlyB.terriblyC.fortablyD.hopefully三．完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）Wateristhe__46___ofallthethingsweeatanddrink.Notmanypeopleunderstandthisbut__47____quitetrue.Thehumanbodycangowithout___48___foralongtime.We’vegotmanyexamplesforthis.Yettwo__49___threedayswithoutwatercanusuallymakepeople__50____.Mancan’tlive__51____water.Manypeopledon’tunderstandhow___52__waterthehumanbodyneeds__53___workwell,andmanypeople,especiallyyoungpeople,donotdrinkenough,___54__inveryhotweather.Ourbodyhasmostlywater,about65%to75%.Thatistosayabouttwothirdsofourbodyiswater.Whenwedosports,someofthewaterwillgetawayfromourbody.__55_wedon’tdrinksomewater,wewon’thaveenoughwater．Andifwedon’thaveenoughwater,we’llfeeltiredandmanyofuswillgetill.Soyouknowhowimportantwateristous.()46.A.importantB.mostimportantC.moreimportantD.different()47.A.it’sB.itsC.itD.is()48.A.foodB.waterC.drinkD.meat()49.A.soB.AndC.ButD.or()50.A.todieB.dieC.todiedD.died()51.A.haveB.withC.withoutD.in()52.A.manyB.muchC.littleD.few()53.A.andB.theC./D.to()54.A.evenB.everC.almostD.hardly()55.A.IfB.ForC.SinceD.Because三、完形填空ItwasthelastdayofschoolandIplannedtotraveltomyfriend’shometown.Ihadn’tseenhimforyearsandthiswasagood1tomeethimagain.Iwasbusyatschoolsoitwasrather2whenIcamebackhome.Itwasalready10o’clockatnight.Timewasrunningout.AfterahurriedmealIleft.3Ifoundataxiverysoon.Askingthedrivertodrivemefasttothestation,Irelaxedforawhile,imaginingwhatmyfriendlookedlikenow.IwassoonatthestationandwassurethatIwouldbeableto4thetrain.Unfortunately,Ifellonthewayandlostsometime.Tomyplete5,whenIreachedtheplatform,Isawthatthetrainhadjustleft!ItwasthelasttrainsoIhadto6home.Mymotherwasgladtoseemebackasshehadafeelingaboutmytrip.ButIwasunhappy.ItriedtorelaxandwenttobedbutIhada7sleep.ThenextmorningIwasverytired.AsIwashavingbreakfastthe8arrived.Ireadoverthepagesandwasshockedto9thatthetrainImissedhadhadanaccident.How10IwasthatImissedthetrain!()1.A.signB.chanceC.senseD.dream()2.A.strangeB.coldC.lateD.quiet()3.A.FinallyB.SuddenlyC.StrangelyD.Luckily()4.A.stopB.seeC.catchD.miss()5.A.satisfactionB.hopeC.surpriseD.joy()6.A.callB.leaveC.reachD.return()7.A.deepB.badC.greatD.heavy()8.A.newspaperB.ticketC.mildD.train()9.A.findB.hearC.feelD.remember()10.A.hopefulB.thankfulC.carefulD.painful三、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36~45各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Althoughitwasonlyautumn，everythingoutsidewascoveredinwhite．Unexpectedly,wewerehitwithabig36stormandnoonewasprepared．Wehavetwoappletreesinourbackyard．Prana，ourdog，loves37．Whenshegoesoutside，sheusuallygrabsadirtyapplefromthegroundtoeatlateron．Pranaknowsthatwhenshebringshertreasureintothehouse，Iamnotalways38，soshetriestohideitfromme．Itisourlittlegame．Onthedaythatitsnowedtoo39intheseason，PranawentoutsideandI40herfromthewindow．Inoticedthatshewas41lotsofholesandbringingouttheapplesburiedbeneaththesnow．Sheseemedtobe42todigupasmanyapplesasshecould．Butwhenshecamebackinside，shebroughtbackonlyone．Aboutfiveminuteslater,Ilookedoutside．Theyardwaspletely43withbirds．Pranahaddugupallthoseapplesforherbirdfriendstoeat．Sheknewthattheyhadn’tprepared44foodfortheearlywinter.Thisbeautifulactofunconditionallovefroma(an)45taughtmewhatrealkindnesswas．36．A．sandB．snowC．thunderD．rain37．A．applesB．winterC．gamesD．bones38．A．clearB．correctC．happyD．surprised39．A．1ateB．beautifullyC．1ightlyD．early40．A．metB．watchedC．calledD．heard41．A．hidingB．findingC．cuttingD．digging42．A．determinedB．suitableC．nervousD．encouraged43．A．hitB．markedC．coveredD．taken44．A．deliciousB．enoughC．1essD．extra45．A．teacherB．friendC．animalD．bird三、完型填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）Thereoncewasafarmerwholosthiswatchinhisbarn(谷仓).Thewatchwasonlycheapbutwasvery____36tohimbecauseitwasagiftfromhisfather.After_37__thebarnforalongtime,hegaveupandaskedfor__38__fromagroupofchildrenplayingnearby.He__39__themthatthepersonwhofoundthe