非谓语的前世今生导学案高三英语一轮复习

非谓语动词非谓语的前世今生什么是非谓语在有谓语、没连词，没从句的情况下，如果句子里出现了第二个动词，那就把他叫做非谓语。非谓语动词有哪些人物角色?非谓语的3种基本形式及其功能：todo表目的表将来____________________________doing表进行表主动____________________________3.done表被动表完成____________________________01号人物：动词不定式（todo）

非谓语的扛把子，形式多用途多身份多，在句子里可充当主、宾、表、定、状、补成分。不定式主动被动一般式进行式完成式02号人物：（ving）动名词或现在分词一对长相完全相同，个性迥异的双胞胎。

动名词在句中可充当主、宾、表、定，同位语成分；现在分词在句中作定、表、状、补。Ving主动被动一般式完成式03号人物：过去分词（vpp）为人低调，只有一种形式，与现在分词是一对好基友；

在句中可充当表、定、补、状语，与现在分词所作成分完全相同。考点一非谓语动词作状语一、不定式作状语1．todo作目的状语，可用soastodo/inordertodo替换表达，但soasto一般不可置于句首，意为“为了”。Wewillcontinueourcampaigntopreventandcontrolairpollution.2．todo作结果状语，常用于下列结构中：onlytodo__________________________________enoughtodo_________________________________too...todo..._________________________________so/such...astodo.._________________________________Heisoldenoughtodresshimself.3．todo作原因状语，常用在“主语＋be/feel＋情感形容词＋todo”结构中。不定式用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。这类词有：happy,glad,sorry,anxious,angry,pleased,surprised,astonished,delighted,disappointed等。Iamgladtoseeyou.二、现在分词作状语1.动词­ing作状语时，表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等，表主动或正在进行。Acityistheproductofthehumanhandandmind,reflectingman'sintelligenceandcreativity.一座城市是人类的手与大脑的产物，反映了人类的智慧与创造性。Hisparentsdied，leavinghimanorphan.三、过去分词作状语1.过去分词做状语，表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且含有完成之意。Attractedbythetoy,shedidn’tnoticethecar.某些动词的过去分词形容词化，用于系表结构，此时的过去分词强调一种状态，如Be/getlost____________beseated____________belost/absorbedin____________bedressedin______________betiredof____________befacedwith____________belocated/situatedin____________beexposedto____________beinvolvedin___________bedevotedto____________。Absorbedinthebook，hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.四、独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，是固定的形式，可以独立存在，称作独立成分。它不是句子主语的动作，而表示说话人的态度，在句子中没有逻辑上的主语，作为习惯搭配来修饰整个句子。常考的有：generallyspeaking(tobegeneral)_________________________________honestly/roughly/strictlyspeaking_________________________________franklyspeaking/tobefrank_________________________________judgingfrom/by_________________________________oconsideration/account_________________________________considering/seeing/given..._________________________________totellthetruth/tobehonest_________________________________tomakethingsworse_________________________________考点二非谓语动词作定语一、不定式作定语1.不定式作定语放在所修饰词之后作后置定语，表示将来的动作。Ihavealotofworktodo.2.序数词，形容词最高级，thelast,theonly等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作后置定语。Hewasthefirsttoeandthelasttoleave.HeistheonlypersontobelieveinGod.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作后置定语。常见名词：ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。ThisisachancetoimprovemyoralEnglish.Itisausefulwaytoeliminateplastic.二、分词作定语1．现在分词ving做定语时，现在分词与被修饰词之间为主动（主谓）进行关系：Thelecture，startingat7:00amlastnight，wasfollowedbyandisccussion.2．现在分词的被动式beingdone做定语时，被修饰词与分词之间为被动关系，且表示正在进行：Thebuildingbeingbuiltisourlibrary.3.过去分词做定语时，分词与被修饰词之间为动宾（被动）关系，表完成。Theuniversity，foundedin1911，ismyfavoriteuniversity.三、动名词ving作定语表示被修饰词的某种用途，意义上相当于名词+for+doing，动名词做定语置于被修饰词前。sleepingbag=bagforsleepingflyingmachine=machingforflying非谓语动词作定语的解题思路：表示被动、完成用__________________；表示主动、进行用__________________；表示被动、进行用________________；表示主动、尚未进行用________________；表示被动、尚未进行用_________________。试比较：①Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbeforeintheskies.②Thebridgebuiltin2017wasdesignedbyalocalpany.③Thebridgebeingbuiltnowwasdesignedbyalocalpany.④Thebridgetobebuiltnextyearwasdesignedbyalocalpany.考点三非谓语动词作宾补一．非谓语动词作宾补1.常用不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise,allow,ask,beg请求,cause导致,encourage,expect期望,forbid禁止,force,intend打算,invite,order,persuade,prefer宁愿,require,remind提醒,tell,want,warn,wish,callon号召,depend/relyon依靠，teach，help等。Weshouldcallonpeopletoprotectourenvironment.2.感官动词（see，watch，observe，notice，lookat，hear，listento，feel）后的宾补可以是省略to的不定式do，doing，done。do表示主动和完成（被动句中要还原to）doing表示主动和进行done表示被动和完成Isawhimentertheroom.Hewasseentoentertheroombyme.Isawhimplayingbasketball.Isawhimkilledbyatiger.3.let/make/havesbdosth让某人做某事Letusgoshopping.4.getsbtodosth________________________get/havesbdoing________________________get/havesthdone________________________5.leave/keepsb/sthdoingsth让一直...6.findsb/sthdoingsth发现某人一直在做某事findsb/sthdone发现...被7.with的复合结构：with+宾语+宾补考点四非谓语动词作宾语只接不定式作宾语的动词：decide/determine决定,learn学习,want,expect/hope/wish希望，refuse拒绝,manage设法做成，care在乎,pretend假装,offer主动提出,promise承诺,choose选择,plan计划；agree同意,ask/beg请求,help帮助，wait等待等Idecidetobeafirefighter.如果做宾语的不定式有宾补时，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语不定式后置。Ifinditimpossibletochangehermind.3．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：consider考虑,suggest/advise建议,lookforwardto期望,excuse/pardon原谅；admit承认,fancy想要，avoid避免,miss错过，deny否认,finish完成,enjoy喜欢，appreciate感谢，forbid禁止，avoid避免,imagine想象,risk冒险；mind介意,allow/permit允许,escape逃避be/getusedto(习惯于),feellike(想要),insiston(坚持),getdownto(开始认真做某事),devote...to...(致力于……),objectto(反对),stickto(坚持),giveup(放弃)，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth，havefun(in)doingsth.，can’thelpdoing忍不住等。4.接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：(1)trytodo尽力；trydoing试着去做(2)meantodo打算做；meandoing意味着(3)regrettodo遗憾要去做；regretdoing后悔做过(4)remembertodo记得去做；rememberdoing记得做过(5)forgettodo忘记去做；forgetdoing忘记做了(6)stoptodo停下来做另一件事；stopdoing停止正在做的事(7)goon/continuetodo继续做另一件事；goon/continuedoing继续做同一件事5.“疑问词＋动词不定式”可以作动词后的宾语。Iwanttoknowhowtoimprovemywriting.6.当非谓语动词位于but,except（除了）后时，习惯上要用不定式。并且，当except/but前有实义动词do及相关形式时，则不定式要省略to；若其前没有动词do，则不定式通常带to。（前有do后无to，前无do后有to）◆Wehadnochoicebuttowait.◆Icoulddonothingexcept/butagree.7.动词want,need,require作“需要”讲时还有，其后要用doing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动式tobedone做宾语。Theputerneedsrepairing/toberepaired.考点五非谓语动词作主语和表语1．不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。1)It+be+adj+for/ofsbtodosth2)It+be+名词+forsbtodosth3)It+took/takessb+sometime+todosth2.动名词作主语（1）.动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作。也可用it作形式主语，将真正的主语动名词后置。Smokingisbadforyourhealth.It’snouseplainingwithouttakingaction.（2）.常用于动名词作主语的句型：1)It’sawasteoftime/money/energydoing...________________________2)It’snouse/gooddoing...________________________3)Itisuselessdoing...________________________4）It’soflittleuse/gooddoing...________________________5)Itisworthdoing….________________________6）itisfundoing...________________________3.不定式作表语(1)表示预定要发生的动作；(2)当主语是aim,purpose,idea,plan,wish,decision,choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；(3)主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to。Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolis（to）improvemyEnglish.4.动名词作表语动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。Teachingismyjob.Myjobisteaching.5.形容词化的动词­ing形式和动词­ed形式也可以做表语。动词­ing形式意为“令人……的”；动词­ed形式意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look、expression、tears、smile、voice等名词。真题链接非谓语动词高考真题1.(2023年高考英语真题全国甲卷)

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,.（observe）hownaturesolvedproblems.2.(2023年高考英语真题全国甲卷)Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafter（flow）throughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.3.(2023年高考英语真题全国甲卷)Hewas（amaze）attheresults.

4.(2023年高考英语真题全国甲卷)Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,（start）withanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,before.（move）ontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.5.(2023年高考英语真题全国甲卷)Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthrough（carry）outyourowndigitalclutter.6.(2023年高考英语真题全国甲卷)Thekey（find）ofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,7.(2023年高考英语真题全国乙卷)yearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwoman（receive）amedicaldegree.

8.(2023年高考英语真题全国乙卷)

Ihavemissedplentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesdueto（be）onthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.9.(2023年高考英语真题全国乙卷)OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,（climb）thepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.

10.(2023年高考英语真题全国乙卷)Aloevera,peaceliliesandspiderplantsaresomeofthespeciesthatareeasy（grow）indoors.11.(2023年高考英语真题全国乙卷)it’sagreatway（boost）selfconfidenceatanytime.12.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅰ卷)Withover2,500bikes________(store)inourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.13.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅰ卷)Thegoalofthisbookis（make）thecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasks.14.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅰ卷)andwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhow（adopt）thisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.15.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅰ卷).Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,（start）withanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,before（move）ontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminima16.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅰ卷)（Write）wassodifficultandpainfulformethatmyteacherhadallowedme（present）mypaperonthesinkingoftheTitanicbyactingoutaplay,whereIplayedalltheparts.

17.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅰ卷)So,whydidhesuddenlyforceme（do）somethingatwhichIwassuretofail?18.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅰ卷)Notabrilliantidea,butfunny,andunlikely（be）anyoneelse’schoice.19..(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅰ卷)Turningsoil,（pull）weeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.

20..(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅰ卷)Theprogramaims（help）studentsdevelopscienceskills,environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.21.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅱ卷)Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasy（find）andfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.22.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅱ卷)Besides,（work）inthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.

23.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅱ卷)Weseescenesofchildren（learn）toreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.24.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅱ卷)（Continue）developmentsinmunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.25.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅱ卷)Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeople（live）inurbanareasisbeinghardertofind.

26.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅱ卷)Isuggest（use）asketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.27.

(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅱ卷)Continuallychallengeyourself（try）somethingnew.28.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅱ卷)Writingwassodifficultandpainfulformethatmyteacherhadallowedme（present）mypaperonthesinkingoftheTitanicby（act）outaplay,whereIplayedalltheparts.

29.(2023年高考英语真题全国新课标Ⅱ卷)Iaskedmyoldersister（correct）mygrammar.

30.(2022年高考英语真题全国甲卷)In1511,Tanwroteabook,SayingsofaFemaleDoctor,（describe）herlifeasaphysician.31.(2022年高考英语真题全国甲卷)Barryretiredin1859,（have）practicedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman.32.(2022年高考英语真题新高考全国Ⅰ卷)

Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,（round）outaroastchickendinner.33.(2022年高考英语真题新高考全国Ⅰ卷)（Produce）foodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.34.(2022年高考英语真题新高考全国Ⅰ卷)

MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it’smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberries（near）theirlastdays.

35.(2022年高考英语真题新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthem（feel）lonely.

36.(2022年高考英语真题新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenin（see）thehensandresidentseandsitoutsidetowatchthem.

37.(2022年高考英语真题全国乙卷)

（Help）thenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

38.(2022年高考英语真题全国乙卷)

（Select）fromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.39.(2022年高考英语真题全国乙卷)（perform）thesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.40.(2022年高考英语真题全国乙卷)SinceAprildrinkspanieshavebeenforced（pay）between18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,（depend）onthesugarcontent.

语法填空Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout

______1_____

(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeople____2________（wait）atthebusstop,andsomeofthem

_3___(look)veryanxiousand

disappointed.Whenthebusfinally___4_____(e),weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenexttothewindow,soI_____5____(have)agoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike

6_______(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindme______7_____（shout）tothedriver,butherefused

8

___(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept

____9_______

(ride).Finally,withhiskindness______10_______(accept),hewasveryhappy.语法填空——非谓语动词Butyoumaybesurprised___________(learn)thattheyarenotshowingtheir“truecolors”atall.AnexhibitionwhichopenedonAugust30inXi’andisplays121coloredterracottarelics,____________(date)backfromtheQinDynastytotheYuanDynasty.Birdwatching,ahobby____________(favor)bymanywesterners,hasbeenincludedinapublicbenefitprogram“ParkClasses”inWuhanschools.Inthepastsixyears,theprogramhascarriedoutover3000activitiesinWuhan’sthirtyurbanparks,________________(cover)allofthecity’sprimaryschoolsandweledbyoveronemillionstudents.Theresearchteamsaydrinkingenoughwaterishelpfultopeople____________(affect)byillnessesrelatedtoages.SocialpsychologistElizabethDunn’sresearchhasshownthatgivingtocharityhasthesameimpactonhappinessas___________(earn)twiceasmuchine.“Allofusarecapableoffindingjoyingiving,”Dunnsaid.“Butweshouldn’texpectthis___________(happen)automatically.”Theyboughtitems__________(list)ontheSPCA’swishlistandfilledupninecartswithkittylitter,birdfood,papertowels,dogtoys,etc.Theparentswereoutside___________(load)theitemsintothecar.Inrecentyears,____________(treasure)asauniqueandbeautifulpartofChineseheritage,thetigerheadshoeshavebeeafashion____________(receive)widepreferenceofmanyWesterners.Inthevastmajorityofitsregions,therightleftrightordertends___________(favor).It’sinterestingthattheystillhaven’toveretheleftorrightquestion,_____________(leave)thechoiceuptothecountry’sindividualregion.Thewidely____________(adopt)kissingtechniquedoesn’t,unfortunately,ewithaninstructionmanual(说明书),sosomepeoplearestillnotsureofthecorrectorder.Ontheonehand,forsafety,setupfencesonbothsidesofthehighwaytopreventanimalsfrom____________(strike).______________(concern)aboutthisproblem,transportationplannerscameupwithatwofoldsolution.It’san_____________(inspire)areaofquietthoughtwithdelicioustea_________(serve)intheprettyteahouseaswellaspublictoursofthegrounds_________(lead)byexpertgardeners.LanSuChineseGardenisamustvisitdestinationinPortland,Oregon,offeringvisitorsachance____________(experience)thebeautyoftraditionalChinesegardens.______________(establish)bytheChinesegovernment,theICIFwassetupin2004.Chinapletedbuildingitslongestdeepwaterpipeline(输送管道）fortransportingoilandgas,______________(mark)breakthroughsinChina’sconstructionabilityanddeepwaterequipmenttechnology.Inthefuture,withthecontinuousdevelopment,wecanexpectmoresuccessfulengineeringprojects_____________________(plete).However,attemptinghumorinanysituationcanberiskyandmayendup____________(cause)tension.Soitisimportanttousehumorinaprofessionalmanner_____________(ensure)thatitisnotharmfultoothers.Theattractionsincludeavarietyofhomes___________(build)insidehollowredwoods,includingtheWorldFamousTressHouseandtheOneLogHouse.Standinginside,youcanseethelightninghassurelycausedsomepartsofthetree_______________________(destroy)seriouslyandfeelitsstrongvitality(生命力).Thenameand