牛津译林版中考英语专题复习第5讲-数词

中考英语专题复习第5讲冠词和数词知识讲解知识点1:冠词及其用法1.不定冠词a/an的用法。不定冠词用a还是an由后面一个词的首音决定。以元音因素开头的词前用an，以辅音因素（包括半元音，不是元音字母）开头的词前用a。1.a1.a和an均用在单数可数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。如：Adictionaryisausefulbook.；Anundergroundtraincanstartandstopquickly.2.指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。如：Thisisabook.；Heusedtobeanengineer.3.泛指某人或某物，但未具体说明何人、何物，如：Aboyiswaitingforme.；Givemeapen,please.4.表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。如：Behindthehousethereisagarden.；onceaweek.5.用于某些固定词组中，如：afew,alittle,alotof,anumberof,justaminute,inahurry等。2.定冠词the的用法。1.1.指双方都知道的人或事物，如：Openthedoor,please.；Goandclosethewindow.2.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，如：Thegirlinredismysister.；Thebookonthedeskismine.3.指前面提到过的人或事物，如：Hereisapictureofamoderncarfactory.Myfatherworksinthefactory.4.表示世界上独一无二的名词前用the。如：thesun;themoon;thesky等。5.用在序数词和形容词最高级前,以及在方位词前。如：TheNileisthelongestriverintheworld.Hewonthefirstprize.；Thesunrisesintheeast.6.用在某些形容词前，表示一类人或事物，如：therich,thesick,thenew，thefalse等。7.用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某一家人”，“某某夫妇。如：theLis,theZhangs等。8.在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面，如：theNorthChinaPlain，theRockyMountains，theYangtseRiver等。10.用于演奏的乐器之前。如：play the (violin\guitar\erfu\pianol\trumpet\.music)11.用在某些专用名词前，如：theGreatWall，thePeople’sRepublicofChina等。12.在一些用语中，如：inthemorning(/afternoon/evening),intheday,bytheway等。3.不用冠词的情况1.1.专有名词人名，地名，节日，月份，年份，星期和不可数名词。2.球类，棋类，语言，三餐，游戏名称和颜色前不加冠词。3.名词前已有this,that,my,your,some,any,no,each,every等代词作定语时，不用冠词。4.在表示家庭成员名称，称呼语，表示头衔或职务的名词前不加冠词。5.表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前。典型例题例1Ifyouwanttotake_____shortrideinthecity,choose_____sharedbike.A.a;/B.the;theC.a;aD./;a变式题1.As_____volunteerofthe2019BeijingInternationalHorticulturalExpo(园艺博览会），LuMingunderstands______ideaofgreenlifebetterthanbefore.A.a;anB.a;theC.the;anD.the;the变式题2Yancheng,_______energeticcity,hassetuptraderelationswithlotsofcountriesandareas.A.aB.anC.theD./变式题3Lookat______boyoverthere.Helooksexcited.Yeah,hehaswon______firstprizeintheschoolEnglishReadingandWritingCompetition.A.a;theeB.the;aC.the;theD.a;a知识讲解知识点2：数词及其用法1.数词的词形（1）1-12的基数词为独立的单词；序数词1-3为特殊变化，序数词4-12在基数词词尾加-th。[注意fifth(第五)；ninth(第九)和twelfth(第十二)的特殊拼写]。（2）13-19基数词以-teen结尾。其中13、15和18发生拼写变化：thirteen、fifteen和eighteen，相应序数词在基数词后加-th构成。13-19岁的少年用teens(inone’steens在某人十多岁时)。（3）20-90的整十数均以-ty结尾。其中20、30、40、50拼法特殊。在构成相应的序数词时，将词尾y变ie，再加-th。表示二十多岁等用twenty等的复数twenties(inone’stwenties在某人二十多岁时)。（4）表示几十几，由十位数加个位数构成，中间用连字符。构成序数词时，连字符前为基数词，后为序数词。如：二十五twenty-five;第九十九ninety-ninth.（5）101-999先说几百，再加and，再加末尾两位数或末位数。序数词在词尾加-th；如：141onehundredandforty-one；第125onehundredandtwenty-fifth（6）1000以上的基数词，从后往前每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号位置为thousand，第二个逗号位置为million，以此类推。2、基数词及其用法。1.1.表示数量的多少。(o念作/o/或zero)eg;Ihavefivefriends.2.电话号码（62083338）；3.事物表示编号顺序(名词在前，如：Room303;WorldWarTwo)；4.表示价格，货币(100dollars)；5.度量(50kilos)；6.小数(2.5meters)；7.表示"几十岁"，例如：Hediedstillinhisforties；8.表示时间和"年代"，用in+the+数词复。eg:inthe1980s在20世纪80年代3、序数词及其用法。1.1.序数词表示顺序，意思是“第几”。前面要加定冠词，例如：Thefirsttruckiscarryingafootbaskets。2.序数词前面可加不定冠词来表示“再一”，“又一”的意思，例如：Ihavetodoitasecondtime。3.表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如：threefourths,onesecond,twofifths.4.表示“日期”如：August5th；May1st.注意:较为容易拼写错误的序数词及其缩写形式：onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,eighteighth,nineninth,twelvetwelfth。缩写形式：first→1st

second→2ndthird→3rd

fourth→4thtwenty-second→22nd典型例题例1:Whichmonthoftheyeardoyoulikebest?--July,the_____month,becausesummervacationbeginsinthismonth.A.sevenB.sixC.seventhD.sixth变式题1：Theapartmenthas______floorsandMr.Greenlivesonthe______floor.A.twelfth;twelfthB.twelve;twelfthC.twelfth;twelve变式题2：_____volunteerswillbeneededfor2020BeijingWinterOlympicGames.A.TwothousandofB.TwothousandsofC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof牛刀小试Onmy_______birthday,Igotanewschoolbagasagiftfrommyparents.A.nineB.ninthC.theninth2.Ourcountryisnearly______yearsold.We’llcelebrateits_____birthdayonOctober1,2019aroundthecountry.A.seventy;seventyB.seventy;seventiethC.seventieth;seventyD.seventieth;seventieth3.Thereare______floorsinthebuilding,Weliveon________floor.A.theninth;theninthB.theninth;nineC.nine;theninthD.nine;nine4.Wegaveaway______bookstotheschoollibrarylastyear.A.sixthousandsB.sixthousandC.sixthousandsofD.sixthousandof5.______ofthestudentsinourclass________goingtothesummercampinBeijingnextweek.A.Twofifths;isB.Secondfifths;areC.Secondfifths;isD.Twofifths;are6.Tosavetime,manystudentshave_____lunchatschooleveryday.A.aB.anC./D.the课堂练习1.It'stimefordinner.Kingsareattable.A./,theB.the,theC.The,/D./;/2.—Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?—Ioftenhavebreadandmilk.A./,/B./,theC.a,/D.the,the3.Don'tgiveup,tryforsecondtwice.A.theB.aC./D.an4.Wouldyougoforwalkwithmeaftersupper?A.the,/B.a,/C./,theD./,a5.Thereisn'twateroraironthemoon,andmancan'tliveonit.A.aB.theC.oneD./6.moreyoureadEnglish,betteryou'lllearn.A.The,theB./,/C.A,aD.The,a出门测1.Morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkinwestpartofourcountrynextyear.A.the,theB./,/C./,theD.the,/2.Hehithissisterinface.A.theB.herC.×D.his3.Johnlivesonfloor.A.twentyB.twentiethC.thetwentiethD.thetwentyth4.Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?Therearetwo__________.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof5.About________studentsinourclasscandescribethatplaceinEnglish.A.three-fifthsB.three-fifthC.third-fiveD.third-fifths6.Canyouwritethenumbereighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six?Yes,itis__________.A.856620B.85626C.58662D.586267.WhenwasthePRCfounded?Itwasfoundedon_________.A.July1,1921B.October1,1949C.August1,1927D.May1,19228._______ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwellbeforeBeijing2008Olympics.A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof9.MrZhangteachesatMiddleSchool.A.aNo.5B.No.5C.theNo.5thD.5thNo课后作业一、在必要的地方用适当的冠词(a,an,the,/)填空。1.There's“u”and“s”inword“use”.2.Oh,Isawoldwomansittingonachairbythelake.Maybesheis.3.Thenextmorning,shewenttoschoolwithoutbreakfast.4.Icaughtbadcoldandhadtostayinbed.5.Isyourpenblackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.6.I’mgoingtoseemymother.Sheisillinhospital.7.Wehavethreemealsday.Wehavebreakfastat6:30inmorning.8.Tina,couldyoupleaseplaypianoformewhileI’msinging？9.Whatismostusefulinventioninthe20thcentury?10.Canyouseeone-eyedcowinfield?二、用适当的数词形式填空。1.Wewillhavea_________(two-month/two-months)holidayaftertheexam.

2.__________(Thousandof/Thousandsof)treesarecutdownintheforestseveryyear.3.I'mveryhungry,Ihaveeatentwocakes,wouldyoupleasegiveme_____(athird/thethird)one?4.____(Threefourth/Threefourths)ofthelandintheworldiscoveredbywater.5.Hehasworkedonthefarmfor____(twoandhalf/twoandahalf)years.6.XiaoMao