水利水能规划课程设计指导书与任务书

水利水能规划课程设计指导书与任务书第一部分课程设计指导书一、课程设计目的和要求 1二、课程设计的内容 1（一）水文分析计算 1（二）水利计算 4三、课程设计说明书格式及要求 4四、课程设计时间安排 5五、成绩考核与评定 5六、主要参考资料 5第二部分课程设计任务书 6第一部分课程设计指导书在设计时应着重理解水资源利用工程中水利水能计算和分析的全过程和学生每人提交课程设计书说明书一份，按规范要求打印。要计参数和不同频率情况下的年径流值；最后通过对实测径流年内变化过程分W（Q）CV不同频率的年径流量WP（QP）计算采用计算采用20%25%30%50%70%75%80%85%90%频率代表年单位月份全年%m3/s对设计洪水计算过程中所依据的基本资料计算方法及其主要环节采用的设计洪水和可能最大洪水时应尽可能采用几种方法对各种方法计算的成果应对大型工程或重要的中型工程用频率分析法计算的校核标准设计洪水应a)当坝址或其上下游临近地点具有30年以上实测和插补延长洪水流量b)工程所在地区具有30年以上实测和插补延长暴雨资料，并有暴雨洪c)工程所在流域内洪水和暴雨资料均短缺时可利用邻近地区实测或调量统计参数、不同重现期年最大洪峰流量及不同历时洪量值（表3、表4Qm（m3/s）CV不同频率洪峰流量QP（m3/s）计算采用计算采用0.10.20.330.5123.35历时Wm（m3/s）CV不同频率洪量WP（m3/s）计算采用计算采用0.10.20.330.5123.35其具体内容主要包括确定水库兴利库容、正常蓄水位的水库兴利调节计和库容方案进行径流调节计算，并就各方案的防洪限制水位进行全面分析比兴利调节计算表、防洪计算表（或图水库各特征水位、特征库容，大无调节或日调节水电站多年平均发电量的计算应根据电站出力保证率曲当已知典型年的天然来水过程和水库特性，要求计算出力和发电量指标特征水位（正常蓄水位或死水位要求确定所需兴利库容及水库蓄泄过程；b.设计枯水年法计算:即根据长系列资料绘制枯水期水量或调节流量保证（3）兴利调节计算：死库容（死水位）的确定、兴利调节计算方法、成（4）水能分析：各种参数的选择和确定，水电站动能指标的计算，水电（5）调洪计算：泄流方案的拟定，起调水位的选择，调洪计算方法、成（4）叶守泽主编.水文水利计算.水利电力出版社.1992刘光文.水文分第二部分课程设计任务书xx流域面积23385km2，至今不连续的59年径流、泥沙系列。下游有省水文总站设立的xx、黄委会设立的xx，它们分别设1946年以后的径流泥沙整编成果。咸阳站控制流域面积37006km2，有1934~2001年不连续的68年径流泥沙系列。xx水电站是一个低坝引水式的发电站，坝址设计洪水标准为30年一遇，η水为0.94；发电机效率η电为0.92。实测站址处的横断面如图1，该河段的纵年份月平均流量Q（m3/s）年平均流量Q2月4月31.834.344.0102.681.336.0144.1203.0193.979.763.133.287.328.038.840.744.041.3118.5272.2126.298.943.925.974.623.530.531.625.543.9129.3404.7212.9363.7173.3123.979.1136.820.020.125.843.539.490.579.3112.746.497.459.137.756.040.340.174.090.536.349.6128.1224.1129.770.033.177.624.226.342.546.0156.5116.8206.779.3253.079.797.529.496.526.522.625.822.955.868.741.9283.8163.1137.375.530.479.528.932.355.7143.881.281.774.1139.1139.0105.652.639.581.123.832.836.849.40.00.00.0145.8470.1161.885.148.887.937.535.446.153.037.350.875.980.870.0111.353.220.255.922.127.346.241.521.783.049.5182.664.847.721.652.323.440.771.1180.178.7131.4177.767.946.139.421.874.620.126.422.728.040.1108.935.363.848.855.423.940.821.021.335.259.866.979.983.3273.0263.7146.064.934.895.827.444.947.539.541.240.9110.296.9165.6120.945.229.167.422.024.326.255.530.3295.9171.7192.175.763.032.921.084.221.422.034.141.4153.380.1152.143.038.926.421.654.520.625.128.0111.0285.8104.7125.272.231.671.220.924.341.834.750.643.6153.5272.1128.672.250.421.676.221.326.424.528.836.8178.968.282.048.222.147.746.273.774.687.2165.3117.0128.5356.2148.573.3109.048.655.550.635.325.930.6161.5104.7140.9191.7110.665.385.132.234.947.150.3142.8128.783.076.8186.487.076.545.482.631.731.398.5160.0216.6126.5203.4142.3350.7283.3131.275.1154.257.158.357.8123.7109.063.5163.744.137.656.545.622.870.020.627.025.825.836.2218.2107.0434.0151.183.047.499.2年份月平均流量Q（m3/s）年平均流量Q2月4月38.241.471.7126.3230.8152.3190.6139.0359.6259.1144.065.6151.542.355.885.591.083.340.799.3204.5414.5214.8122.977.6127.752.660.571.387.473.028.578.178.366.770.437.220.260.421.830.235.879.4112.779.0114.8292.7251.5138.764.140.9105.133.536.044.349.246.762.161.436.944.030.040.120.320.635.748.438.441.555.123.437.322.99.630.750.074.047.446.0298.4135.3165.147.120.577.420.229.942.764.323.720.922.795.7124.060.325.445.720.325.035.921.475.240.2102.274.5270.4282.9139.060.595.638.541.646.675.753.269.646.5369.6315.1117.156.438.4105.723.934.742.053.899.752.2264.356.359.141.648.921.666.529.631.768.3254.185.7207.0108.563.034.378.126.429.629.724.3160.0147.9136.584.138.923.460.220.824.837.130.840.364.6193.7132.3101.264.534.220.063.723.524.332.341.7165.6286.7382.095.159.333.298.328.932.556.088.379.832.745.1100.741.328.547.023.199.099.684.057.0139.7196.7212.574.637.587.928.430.336.941.963.5157.7273.8261.7222.6134.873.840.1113.835.748.940.848.082.679.070.7133.4302.8135.081.938.691.532.036.539.630.844.5107.3192.947.042.125.920.221.453.433.342.6133.677.327.924.621.037.029.846.760.260.6154.2208.563.395.244.723.568.024.123.441.483.755.961.862.075.673.850.443.522.851.521.324.060.857.8124.143.7136.8123.0173.3116.663.732.081.425.927.941.741.980.6109.031.133.339.624.540.120.731.778.098.3241.0125.2135.063.228.871.827.031.347.141.149.571.3200.579.264.975.040.562.220.838.354.021.356.870.028.128.232.522.234.020.426.764.131.524.54.721.13.39.09.722.253.240.845.440.825.620.39.224.29.524.53.56.427.18.08.09.59.357.273.872.134.231.130.28.76.43.834.848.4120.940.954.232.420009.28.340.352.930.296.327.227.920018.29.99.924.089.858.332.524.7年份洪峰流量年份洪峰流量年份洪峰流量年份洪峰流量36703652000892384484086650023708102760848335267053524203082830242043042002713788404048402280200085082290096850303300725361站名 Qm 3/s)CV不同频率洪峰流量QP(m3/s)0.10.20.512xx0.902.511260101008600743063001972年xxxx治理规划xx村0.92.51083097208250714060401996年xx峡加闸加坝设计成果0.83.511627103408670744062101991年“xx市实用水文手册”0.84.01030090007450635052001958年xx峡引渭工程设计成果34700.532133001225010790970086701988年黄委会渭洛河治理规划736高程（m高程（m）732730728726724722720718路边路边右岸左最低点距离图1水电站尾水处河道横断面图有冰川336条，冰川面积259.64km2，冰川储量123.904亿m3，雪线高度4800m，高程5620m，沿河道有xx、xx等较大支流汇入，山地植被较好。河流自东南流向西北于xx城东南约6km的xx流出山口，经过xx城向西北，至xx东山附近的xx水库折向北，引入xx城区及xx灌区等地，消失于耕降水易形成径流，上游山区为径流形成区，xx以上峡谷河段平均比降约11.8区绿洲，灌区土质肥沃，渠系纵横，良田阡陌，气候适宜耕种，均不能形成地表径流，河川径流以地下潜流溢出补给和冰川融素；气象部门设立的有xx气象站、xx气象站和xx气象站；xxxx水文站只有级水电站最近，公路里程约16km，观测资料完整，最能流域内年降水量在空间分布上为南多北少，降水量随着海增大。受地形影响，上游山区降水多，下游灌溉平原区降水少温高，年平均气温随海拔高度增加而降低。蒸发与气温的分布特均降水量140.8mm，最大年降雨量247.3mm，最小年降雨最大蒸发量1133.8mm，多年最小蒸发量998.6mm，风向多为西北风，但在山区受地形影响较大，一般顺着河谷的方站、xx水库站现属xx水文水资源勘测局管辖。两站均为国家基本水文站，资河名水位、流量站和水文站之间无径流汇入和引出，区间水流量损耗主要为蒸不足流量的1%，流域面积相差1.2%，可以实测径流系列资料作为电站径流资料计算出力。xxxx水文站为国家基本水文径流资料，资料精度较高，系列较长，系列完整，可风影响，时有局地暴雨发生，大面积暴雨较少发生。暴雨历时一天，暴雨出现时间多在6～9月间。xx的汛期有春汛和夏汛。春汛一般出现在3～4月间，高量大，峰现时间很短。xx站实测洪水系列较长，实测最大流量259m3/s，发面积的1.2%，故可以直接利用xx水文站实测洪峰流量系列资料计算洪水作为表3xxxx站洪峰流量表年份流量(m3/s)年份流量(m3/s)年份流量(m3/s)64235.371.923125983.260.825.943.575.347.185.260.742.451.125368.531.7200062.860.7200192.982.888.820029796.33876.627.677.475.285.562前已述及，xx站具有1965～2002年实测资料，其中有些年份水补给较多，与xx水库站同期洪峰相比，xx站枯季均值为7.38m3/s，较面积期、6～9月汛期和10月汛后过渡期四期。采用不跨坝址河段处于河道顺直段，水行于深槽峡谷间，纵比降较大，水流湍急。坝址两侧岸壁均为戈壁胶结层，左岸为陡坡，右岸有滩地，河床由左岸为较为平坦戈壁石滩，组成河床的块石粒径比坝址河段首处，两岸皆为陡崖，河道微弯，河床石块粒径介于坝采用实测的纵横断面及同时水面线，参考大比例尺地形图上水计算比降、断面面积和水力半径，根据河床及岸壁情况bhIQHvη00124691体无明显的热调节作用，但冰期堰前会有明显雍水现象，将会造成水面封冻等冰情现象发生。堰前水面比降较天然河道为小水流流速文站冰情观测资料分析，大部分年份冰期该河段会现出封冻现象。修建引水渠首后，水面比降显著减小，断面过水面积明显增大，水少了下游河道封冻前的河道流冰量；而开河（解冻）则为先下游、在开河期虽然流冰密度不高，但由于渠首溢流堰较河道窄，必须采取必要的排冰措施。利用坝顶自由溢流坝，将开河期流到堰前前池水深5m，冰期堰前会有雍水现象，将会造成水面封冻等冰情现象发生。水面比降较天然河道为小，水流流速亦小。因此，冰期将会有冰盖形成，冬季电站运行须注意排冰，确保压力管道正常流泥沙含量基本稳定，可以直接采用xx水文站实测泥沙资料推算质输沙量69.01万t，站址以上流域侵蚀模数为48泥沙主要来源于降雨对地表的冲刷。降雨多发生于汛期，因此河道xx第B级水电站采用xx水文站侵蚀模数推算得电站引水渠首月56789年xxxx水文站没有的推移质泥沙测验资料，对于推移质泥沙测验资料缺乏的地区及河道常采用推悬比的方法估算推移质输沙量，山区性河道推悬比一般为0.15～0.3；据《xxxx流域水资源综合利析，建议推移质输沙量设计中按20%估算，经估算推移质输沙量采冰沟水文站有多年悬移质泥沙颗粒级配资料，两条河流均发源于xx系冰川雪山区，水文地质条件相似，成沙原理相同，均为冰川雪山冻融洪水和暴雨洪水携带泥沙，可以用冰沟水文站悬移质泥沙颗粒级配作为电站渠首悬移质泥沙颗粒级配参考资料，根据冰沟水文站悬移质泥沙颗粒级配资料分析统计，悬移质泥沙中值粒径为4．电站的水能分析计算（采用三个代表年法日平均出力~频率（历时）曲线、出力～多年平均发电量关系曲线、装机～装机某河是xx南岸较大的一级支流，发源于xx北麓太白山区，流域面积好，水流清澈，水质优良。该河干流上有一水拟在该河干流上修建一水库，其坝址位于水文站上游1.5公里处，控制流根据该灌区的作物组成和灌溉制度，分析计算的灌区不同频象资料和地质资料，水库月蒸发量和渗漏量分别按当月水库蓄水量的2%和水库在汛期输水洞按其输水能力泄洪，输水洞进口高程为722m，内径为＋h浪，设+△1＋h浪，校+△2设计条件下的设计风速取多年平均最大风速的1.5倍，校核条件下的设计永久性挡水建筑物安全加高（m）表1某水文站历年逐月平均流量表单位：m3/s年份月平均流量Q（m3/s）2.802.542.568.4619.394.5227.3714.2158.5732.8112.604.9915.903.192.904.2921.2335.2117.4439.6677.3140.3212.809.104.6622.343.653.455.147.4420.8420.9928.599.9910.478.567.322.4210.746.9520.7725.0518.8528.5135.0143.7123.318.765.6818.382.362.695.219.7610.0511.3229.5816.5169.2615.467.695.1915.422.782.212.6717.5213.0967.5229.4047.7915.4010.334.363.0518.012.352.083.0919.0429.7525.3749.555.147.263.306.402.8913.022.5315.2820.5613.9040.4974.9421.3321.0210.173.8518.952.206.278.6321.859.7313.7215.6812.814.425.898.762.128.298.313.2816.8733.7022.2219.176.052.2810.402.9718.2119.2931.2336.6217.8015.5836.459.683.8816.222.432.182.217.589.614.8147.0321.4015.6122.096.4411.900.190.1812.2443.983.8021.968.6539.896.353.110.1411.870.080.080.8844.3430.4714.6118.445.3473.2538.315.960.9019.390.100.100.3717.1716.649.2821.692.787.238.700.870.097.090.060.063.176.194.0419.4210.8532.562.750.280.116.790.040.043.5414.7929.825.3119.022.8721.778.730.900.128.910.110.1212.4315.660.866.755.7457.8614.962.9210.092.302.025.4322.028.872.723.916.4022.8010.244.042.157.7418.1627.0617.8712.6713.4434.2318.205.422.8112.8912.1217.9311.0125.427.456.1012.735.982.178.863.7113.6117.4812.9925.7714.1020.743.633.7510.0615.2320.246.0811.2912.8518.692.194.642.038.123.1610.8024.759.865.779.1737.8224.996.743.5111.612.032.008.9014.8510.3726.2611.5954.2147.0212.466.0816.463.723.053.9715.8217.2513.818.6851.0711.546.344.932.4211.882.0812.8714.965.2121.176.307.464.596.672.057.24续表1年份平均9.5220.3911.9844.117.0640.0213.035.442.0713.102.8911.358.738.5727.738.8114.086.342.597.9616.5626.9825.1935.2418.7931.098.574.902.6114.532.8510.696.967.2751.3191.2563.3815.9016.593.1022.732.184.2814.1117.448.1418.6427.1838.0212.446.203.6512.852.452.042.1714.3637.0423.3249.7818.2742.2247.0115.906.1521.732.692.526.6816.9536.9551.0113.9446.1515.364.833.0116.822.302.123.169.9416.849.9317.163.8332.3213.493.399.696.0721.8619.7032.304.7621.614.912.413.9510.1713.0327.1232.6635.4023.697.504.865.012.3812.950.8110.7822.14