暑假作业08阅读理解

完成时间：月日天气：作业08阅读理解一、为什么要扩充词汇量词汇是语言的基本单位，没有词汇，就没有理解，更谈不上意义的表达。当然，这里的词汇不仅仅是指一个单词，它包括单词和由单词组成的固定短语、习惯用语、谚语、俗语、流行用语等，但有时一些词汇的意思在不同的语境中意思迥异。因此，生词的含义只有在阅读中，即上下文语境中才能完全展现出来，并易于被识记、理解和掌握。换句话说，是上下文给某个词以特定含义，而这个特定含义有时是词典无法提供的。多读是扩大词汇量的好方法，不仅要读不同体裁的文章，而且要多读不同题材的文章，才能有效扩大词汇量，让备考更高效。怎样扩充词汇量(一)利用词缀法记单词 (二)利用词根记单词(三)利用逆序归类记单词 (四)利用一词多用记单词(五)利用熟词僻义记单词 (六)利用易错比较记单词(七)“4角度”区分完形填空易错词汇1．比较形近词和义近词，如：live;living;alive;lively。2．比对高频易混短语的意义，如carryout;carryon等。(八)利用语境记忆词汇 (九)通过阅读记忆词汇(十)积极应用加强记忆做到“词不离句，句不离文”。这样，我们在不知不觉中就能巩固自己的词汇。做到“词不离句，句不离文”。这样，我们在不知不觉中就能巩固自己的词汇一江苏昆山发生爆炸事故题材体裁难度词汇建议用时实际用时正确率新闻热点记叙文★★★★1776分钟AnexplosionfromafactoryinKunshankilledatleast69peopleandmorethan120peoplegothurt.ChinasuffereditsworstindustrialaccidentinayearonSaturday.TheaccidenthappenedinKunshancity,JiangsuProvinceinChina.AndtheblastwasfromZhongrongMetalProductspany,whomakescarwheelsfortheU.S.TheKunshangovernmenttoldus264workersweretherewhentheexplosionhappenedand44diedimmediately.“Weheardareallyloudblastatabout7a.m.thismorningsowerushedoutofourrooms,”saidZhouXu,a26yearoldworkeratthatpany.Anotherworkersaid,“Firsttheambulancecameandthenmanywivesrushedtothefactorytoseeiftheirhusbandswereokay.”Now,ShanghaigovernmentissendingdoctorstoKunshantosavetheinjured.Andthedoctorsaidthenumberofthedeadmayincrease.Chinesegovernmentislookingintothecauseofthedisaster.AndPresidentXiattachesgreatimportancetoit.Hesaid,“Thosefoundresponsiblemustbepunished”.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。()1.Howmanypeoplediedintheindustrialaccident?A.69. B.120. C.189. D.Morethan69.()2.Wheredidthisaccidenthappen?A.KunshangcityinHunanprovince. B.KunshangcityinJiangsuprovince.C.ShanghaicityinChina.D.KunshanginShanghaicity.()3.WhoisZhonXu?A.TheleaderinZhongrongMetalProductspany.B.AworkerinZhongrongMetalProductspany.C.SomeoneworksforKungshanggovernment.D.Thewifeofoneoftheinjured.()4.Whathappenedwhentheaccidenthappen?A.Workersrushedoutoftheirrooms。B.Ambulancecame.C.Wivesrushedtothefactorytomakesurethesafetyoftheirhusband。D.Alloftheabove.()5.Wecanknowfromthedoctorthat________.A.therewillbemoredeadsB.therewillbelessdeadsC.manyinjuredcanbesavedD.doctorscan’tdoanythingfortheinjured【语篇导读】江苏昆山中荣金属制品发生爆炸，爆炸已致使至少65人死亡，120多人受伤。 【答案解析】1.D 细节理解题。从文章第一句话…killedatleast69people…可知，事故已致使至少69人死亡。本题答题关键在于atleast,与D选项的morethan意思一致，故选D。2.B 细节理解题。从文章第2段TheaccidenthappenedinKunshancity,JiangsuProvinceinChina可知，答案选B。3.B 细节理解题。从文章第2段…saidZhouXu,a26yearoldworkersatthatpany可知，答案选B。4.D 细节理解题。从文章第2段两个工人说的话可知，A,B,C选项均是事故后发生的事情，故选D。5.A 推理判断题。从文章第3段thenumberofthedeadmayincrease可知，死亡人数可能会增长，本题答题关键在于increase“增加”，与A选项more相符，故选A。【生词】explosion/ɪk'spləʊʒn/n.爆炸例句：Theexplosiongaveforthatremendoussound.爆炸发出巨大的声响。industrial/ɪn'dʌstrɪəl/adj.工业的例句：Englandisanadvancedindustrialcountry.英国是一个发达的工业国家。blast/blɑːst/n.爆炸例句：Thebombblastkilledseveralharmlesspassersby.炸弹爆炸使几个无辜行人受伤。theinjured/ɪndʒrəd/伤员例句：Ambulancesrushedtheinjuredtohospital.救护车把受伤的人火速送到医院。disaster/dɪ'zɑːstə/n.灾祸例句：Thedisastercausedhimtowaverinhisfaith.这件灾难使他对信仰发生了动摇。【长难句分析】1.ChinasuffereditsworstindustrialaccidentinayearonSaturday.中国在周六遭遇了今年最严重的工业事故。句中suffer意为“遭遇”。2.AndtheblastwasfromZhongrongMetalProductspany,whomakescarwheelsfortheU.S.爆炸发生在中荣金属制品，这所公司是为英国制作汽车轮胎的。此句是一个定语从句，从句whomakescarwheelsfortheU.S是对ZhongrongMetalProductspany的补充说明。3.Chinesegovernmentislookingintothecauseofthedisaster.AndPresidentXiattachesgreatimportancetoit.Hesaid,“Thosefoundresponsiblemustbepunished”.中国政府正在就事故的起因展开调查。习主席高度重视本次事故。他说：“事故的相关责任人一定要受到惩罚”。句中lookinto意为“展开调查”；attachegreatimportanceto意为“高度重视某事”。二美国接其伊波拉病毒患者回国治疗题材体裁难度词汇建议用时实际用时正确率新闻热点记叙文★★★★2106分钟 Peoplewillhaveasenseoffearwhentheyhearabout“Ebolavirus”.Ebolavirusisakindofhorribledisease.Itmaycausedeath,andwhat’sworse?Itishighlyinfectious.Ifapersonhasthisvirus,heorshewillpassittoothersaroundthem.Sofar,therehasnotbeenanyeffectivetreatmenttokillthisvirus.Theonlywaytoavoiditistoisolatethepatientsfromthepublic. Hereisapieceofsurprisingnewsthatcanfortbothpatientsandthepublic.ThereisanAmericandoctorcalledKentBrantly,infectedwiththeEbolavirus.HeisoneofthetwoseriouslyillAmericans.HeissupposedtobeisolatedinWestAfricawherehecaughtEbolavirus.Butnow,aidsofficialssayaplaneistakingDr.KenttotheU.S.HewillreceivetreatmentsinAtlanta'sEmoryUniversityHospital.Andlater,thesecondpatientwillalsobethere. ItwillbethefirsttimethatAmericanbringanyoneinfectedwiththatdiseasebackintothecountry.AndU.S.officialsarefullofconfidence.Theyaresurethatthepatientscanbetreatedandthepublicwillnotworrysomuchaboutthatviruslikebefore.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。()1.Howdopeoplefeelwhentheyhearabout“Ebolavirus”? A.Happy. B.Afraid. C.Surprised. D.Excited.()2.WhatdoestheunderlinesentenceinParagraph2mean? A.Itisverysafe. B.Itcanbecuredeasily. C.Itcanbepassedaroundeasilytoothers. D.Itishardtobecured.()3.WhyisEbolavirushorrible?A.Becauseittakespeoplelotsofmoney.B.Becausepeoplewillneverbehealthyagainiftheycatchthisvirus.C.Becauseitcanmakepeopledieandthisviruscanbespreadeasily.D.Becauseanyonewiththisviruswilldie.()4.WhoisKentBrantly? A.HeisanAmericandoctorinfectedwithEbolavirus. B.HeisanAfricandoctorinfectedwithEbolavirus. C.HeisanAmericandoctorlookingfortreatmentsofEbolavirus. D.Heisanaidsofficial.()5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout? A.Ebolavirusishorrible. B.ManypeoplearesufferingEbolavirus. C.PeopleareafraidofEbolavirus. D.TheU.S.isbringingitsEbolaviruspatientsbacktothecountrytoreceivetreatments.【语篇导读】 一听到伊波拉病毒，人人自危。然而，美国将接其伊波拉病毒患者回国治疗。这将使人们对这一病毒的治疗重获信心。【答案解析】1.B 细节理解题。从文章第1段Peoplewillhaveasenseoffear可知，其中senseoffear意思与B选项的afraid一致，故选B。2.C 词义猜测题。从文章第2段Ifapersonhasthisvirus,heorshewillpassittoothersaroundthem可知，伊波拉病毒是一种传染性病毒，故选C.3.C 细节理解题。从文章第2段可知，答此题要抓住两个关键词，causedeath和highlyinfectious，只有C选项同时满足这两个条件。故选C。4.A 细节理解题。从文章第3段HereisanAmericandoctorcalledKentBrantly,infectedwiththeEbolavirus可知，故选A。5.D 主旨大意题。虽然文章开头介绍伊波拉病毒，但这只是为下面的新闻事件做铺垫。文章的重心在第4和第5段，向读者介绍一则可喜的新闻，即美国将接其伊波拉病毒患者回国治疗。故选D。【生词】virus/'vaɪərəs/n.病毒例句：Thefluvirusinfectedalmosttheentireclass.全班几乎人人都染上了流行性感冒病毒。effective/ɪ'fektɪv/adj.有效的例句：Ithinkyou'llhavetotakeeffectivesteps.我认为你得采取有效措施。treatment/'trɪːtmənt/n.治疗例句：Hewillnotsitdownundersuchtreatment.我不应再忍受好如此的礼遇。infect/ɪn'fekt/v.传染，感染例句：Lethernotinfectthewholeflock.绝不能让她带坏一帮子人。isolate/'aɪsəleɪt/v.隔离例句：Thepatientshouldisolatefromhischild.这个病人必须立刻和他的孩子隔离。【长难句分析】1.Sofar,therehasnotbeenanyeffectivetreatmenttokillthisvirus.Theonlywaytoavoiditistoisolatethepatientsfromthepublic.迄今为止，还没有杀死这种病毒的有效治疗方法。唯一防止这种病毒的方法就是将其患者隔离。句中sofar意为“迄今为止”，其所在句子的谓语动词常用现在完成时。2.ItwillbethefirsttimethatAmericanbringanyoneinfectedwiththatdiseasebackintothecountry.这是美国第一次将其伊波拉病毒患者接回国。此句为定语从句，从句hatAmericanbringanyoneinfectedwiththatdiseasebackintothecountry修饰先行词time.三云南发生6.3级地震题材体裁难度词汇建议用时实际用时正确率新闻记叙文★★★★2206分钟AstrongearthquakeinthemountainsofsouthwestChinaonSundaydestroyed12,000houses,buriedroadsandkilledatleast367people.Themagnitude6.1quakehappenedat4:30p.montheborderbetweenYunnanandSichuanprovinces.MaLiya,alocal,saidthestreetslookedlikea“battlefieldafterbombardment”aftertheearthquake.Peoplerushedout,housesweredestroyed,androads,electricityandmunicationswereallcutoff.Governmentsattachgreatimportancetothisdisaster.Theyaresparingnoefforttohelpthepeoplethere.Morethan2,500armieshavebeensenttothearea.TheRedCrossSocietyofChinahaveprovidedmanyquilts,jacketsandtentsforthosepeoplewhoweremadehomelessbythequake.WhileRedCrossbranchesinHongKong,MacauandneighboringSichuanprovincehavealsosentlotsofusefulthingsthere.Rescueteamsarethere.“Therearecountlesspeoplewaitingtoberescuedandrescueteamswereclearingtheroadswiththeirhands"saidMaoLihui,avolunteerononeoftherescueteams.TheWhiteHouseisalsoreadytohelp.ChinesestatebroadcasterCCTVsaiditwasthestrongestquakefor14yearsinthere.In1970,amagnitude7.7quakeinYunnankilledatleast15,000people.AquakeinSichuanin2008killedalmost70,000people.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。()1.Wheredidtheearthquakehappen?A.InthemountainsofnorthwestChina.B.OntheborderbetweenYunnanandSichuanprovinces.C.InLijiang,YunnanProvince.D.InWengchuan,SichuanProvince.()2.WhatdidMaLiyasuggestwhenshesaidthestreetslookedlikea"battlefieldafterbombardment?A.Therewasawarinthestreet.B.Thestreetwasveryquiet.C.Thestreetwasinahorridmess.D.Thereweresomanypeopleinthestreet.()3.Whatdidn’tpeopledoaftertheearthquake?A.Governmentsentarmiesthere.B.TheRedCrosstooklotsofthingsthere.C.WhileRedCrossbranchesinHongKong,MacauandneighboringSichuanprovinceofferedmanythings.D.TheWhiteHousewasthereforhelp.()4.Accordingtothepassage,thereisn’tanyearthquakeinChinain_________.A.1970 B.1990 C.2008 D.2014()5.Whichisthethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Astrong

earthquakehitChina’sYunnanProvinceB.China’sstrongestearthquakeC.ThestrongestearthquakeintheworldD.PeopleweremadehomelessbyaearthquakeinChina【语篇导读】中国云南发生6.1级地震，中国政府正在竭力展开救援工作。【答案解析】1.B 细节理解题。从文章第2段第一句话可知。A选项是误导项，从文章第1段AstrongearthquakeinthemountainsofsouthwestChina…可知，地震发生在中国西南部，而不是西北部，故选B。2.C 推理判断题。从文章第2段Peoplerushedout,housesweredestroyed,androads,electricityandmunicationswereallcutoff可知，玛利亚是想表达地震后街上一片狼藉。故选C。3.D 细节理解题。从文章第3段最后一句话可知，白宫随时准备给予帮助，但是还未参与救援工作，bereadyto是“随时乐意做……，准备做……”的意思，故选D。4.B 推理判断题。本题需要读者针对细节进行判断。文章在第1段提到中国今年发生了地震，最后一段又提到1970和2008年均有发生地震，故排除选项A,C,D,故选B。5.A主旨大意题。文章第1段介绍了云南发生地震，第2段讲述地震现场情况，第3段讲述救援工作，故A选项是最佳题目，D选项过于片面。故选A。【生词】magnitude/'mægnɪtuːd/n.震级例句：hequakeregisteredamagnitudeof7.8.据记录，震级达7.8级。quilt/kwɪlt/n.棉被例句：Heboughtaheavyquiltforthewinter.他买了一床厚被子过冬。rescue/'reskjuː/n.援救例句：Therescueoperationlastedthreedays.救援活动持续了三天。branche/brɑːntʃ/n.分部例句：Thebranchwasstickingupoutofthewater.树枝直挺挺地伸出水面。Chinesestatebroadcaster/brɔːdkaːstə/中国国家电视台例句：ChinesestatetelevisionCCTVbroadcastWen'sspeechinCambridgebutabruptlycutawayfromthecoveragewhentheprotesthappened.中国中央电视台播放了温总理在剑桥大学的演讲但是很唐突的删除了抗议发生的那一段.【长难句分析】1.Governmentsattachgreatimportancetothisdisaster.Theyaresparingnoefforttohelpthepeoplethere.政府高度重视此次灾难。他们正在不遗余力地展开救援工作。句中attachgreatimportanceto意为“高度重视......”;sparenoeffortto意为“不遗余力做......”2.TheRedCrossSocietyofChinatookquilts,jacketsandtentsforthosepeoplewhoweremadehomelessbythequake.中国红十字会给在地震中失去家园的人们带去棉被，衣服和帐篷。句是一个定语从句，whoweremadehomelessbythequake做先行词who的定语。3.Therearecountlesspeoplewaitingtoberescuedandrescueteamswereclearingtheroadswiththeirhands"saidMaoLihui,avolunteerononeoftherescueteams.一支救援队伍的志愿者说：“需要帮助的人们无法计数，救援队伍正在用他们的双手清理道路。”句中waitingtoberescued是一个伴随状语，是对people的补充说明。四孙梅艳培训将去沙特阿拉伯工作的护士题材体裁难度词汇建议用时实际用时正确率人物记叙文★★★2465分钟Livinginaforeigncountryisnotsoeasy,especiallyforthoseworkingoversea.Peoplemaymeetmanydifficultiesasthingsinanothercountryarequitedifferentfromthoseintheirowncountries.Theymayhavemoneyproblem,cultureproblem,transportationproblem,foodproblem,andlanguageproblemsandsoon. SunMeiyanisa33yearoldChinesenurse.ShemajoredinforeignnursingcareandshetookathreemonthlanguagecourseattheWeihaitrainingcenter.Thensheworkedinanoverseashospital,theAlmanaGeneralHospital.Withthisworkingexperience,wheninterviewersfromSaudiGermanHospitalcametoWeihaitohirenurses,theychoseSunwithouthesitation.Shewentthereandworkedasanurseforsevenyears.NowsheistrainingChinesenurseswhowanttoworkinSaudiArabiaattheShandongInternationalNurseTrainingCenterinWeihai,Shandongprovince. Suesharesknowledgeonlocallawsandculturewithherstudents."ThankstothesevenyearworkingexperienceinSaudiArabia,Iunderstandthecountry'slaws,cultureandlifestyleverywell,"Sunsaid.Ontheotherhand,aslanguageisthebiggestobstacletoforeignemployment,Sunalwaystellsherstudentstopaymoreattentiontolanguage.ShetellsthemthatbesidesEnglish,nurseswhowanttoworkinSaudiArabianeedtolearnsomeArabic.What’smore?InSaudiArabia,anurse'simageisasimportantasherprofessionalskills,soSuninstructsherstudentstowashandirontheiruniformeveryday.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。()1.HowmanydifficultiesdoesthewritermentioninParagraph2?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.()2.TherightorderofSun’sworkis___________.① workasanurseinAlmanaGeneralHospital② takeathreemonthlanguagetrainingcourse③ trainnurseswhowanttoworkinSaudiArabiainShandongprovince④ workinAlmanaGeneralHospitalA.②④①③ B.①③②④ C.②①④③ D.④③①②()3.What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?Workingoverseaisgood. B.Don’tworkoversea.C.SueistrainingthenurseswhowanttoworkinSaudiArabia.D.SuethinksiteasytoworkinSaudiArabia.()4.WhatlanguagesshouldthenurseslearninordertoworkinSaudiArabia?A.EnglishandFrench. B.FrenchandArabic.C.GermanyandArabic. D.EnglishandArabic.()5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Sunmajoredinforeignnursingcare.B.SunworkedinSaudiArabiaforsevenyears.C.Culturedifferenceisthebiggestproblemtoforeignemployment.D.NurseimageisasimportantastheirprofessionalskillsinSaudiArabia.【语篇导读】出国工作并不是件易事，海归护士孙梅艳将其在沙特阿拉伯工作的经验传授给想要出国工作的护士门。【答案解析】1.D 细节理解题。从文章第2段可知，出国工作主要有五点难处，分别是moneyproblem,cultureproblem,transportationproblem,foodproblem,和languageproblems，故选D。2.A 文章结构题。从文章第3段可知，孙梅艳先是参加了语言培训课程，再进入外企医院工作，随后去到沙特阿拉伯当护士，现在已回到山东负责培训想要出国工作的护士，故选A。3.C 推理判断题。文章最后一段，孙梅艳向想要去沙特阿拉伯工作的护士门传授了自己的经验及在外工作的注意事项，故选C。4.D 细节理解题。从文章最后一段besidesEnglish,nursewhowanttoworkinSaudiArabianeedtolearnsomeArabic可知，去阿拉伯工作要学习英语和阿拉伯语两种语言，故选D。5.C 细节理解题。从文章第3段Shemajoredinforeignnursingcare可知A选项正确；从文章Shewentthereandworkedasanurseforsevenyears可知，B选项正确；从最后一段anurse'simageisasimportantasherprofessionalskills可知，D选项正确；而从最后一段aslanguageisthebiggestobstacletoforeignemployment可知语言是出国工作的最大障碍，而非文化，故C选项错误，故选C。【生词】transportation/trænspər'teɪʃn/n.交通运输例句：Thetrainisasafemeansoftransportation.火车是一种安全可靠的交通工具。hesitation/hezɪ'teɪʃən/n.犹豫例句：Sheansweredwithoutamoment'shesitation.她毫不迟疑立即回答。SaudiArabia/saʊdiə'reɪbiə/ 沙特阿拉伯例句：TheU.S.isarmingSaudiArabia.美国正在让沙特阿拉伯备战。obstacle/'ɑbstəkl/n.障碍例句：Herparents'oppositionisanobstacletohermarriage.她父母的反对是她结婚的障碍instruct/ɪn'strʌkt/v.教导例句：MyjobistoinstructherinEnglish.我的工作是教她英语。【长难句分析】1.Peoplemaymeetmanydifficultiesasthingsinanothercountryarequitedifferentfromthoseintheirowncountry.由于很多国外的东西与国内的东西差别很大，所以人们去到国外可能会遇到许多困难。此句是一个原因状语从句，asthingsinanothercountryarequitedifferentfromthoseintheirowncountry作原因状语。2.Withthisworkingexperience,wheninterviewersfromSaudiGermanHospitalcametoWeihaitohirenurses,theychoseSunwithouthesitation.正因为有了这个工作经历，当沙特德国合资医院的面试官来威海招聘护士时，他们毫不犹豫地选了孙梅艳。此句是一个伴随状语从句，withthisworkingexperience作伴随状语。3.InSaudiArabia,anurse'simageisasimportantasherprofessionalskills,soSuninstructsherstudentstowashandirontheiruniformeveryday.在沙特阿拉伯，护士的形象和她们的专业知识一样重要，所以孙梅艳教导她的学生要每天清洗和烫制服。句中as...as表示“和...一样”。五世界男女人口比例失衡题材体裁难度词汇建议用时实际用时正确率文化说明文★★★2425分钟 Boysorgirls?Thatistoday’ssensitiveandhottopicallovertheworld. AccordingtoChina’scensus,118babyboyswerebornforevery100girlsin2010.Becauseofthisratio,manymeninChinawillfailtomarryawife.ThisserioussocialproblemisduetoChinesetraditionalopiniontowardsboysandgirls. Chinesefavorboysmuchmorethangirls.Theythinkthatmancandomorehardlaboroutsideandtheyareabletoearnmoremoney,whilewomenaresupposedtostayathome,doinghousework.Theotherreasonisthatboyscarryonthefamilynamewhentheygetmarried,whilegirlsdonotcarryonthebloodlinewhichisofgreatimportancetoChinesefamily.So,inthecountryside,manybabygirlsarekilledbeforetheyaregivenbirth. ThesameissueisalsogettingpopularinAmerica.Iftheywereonlyallowedtohaveonechild,moreAmericanswouldpreferitbeaboyratherthanagirl,anewsurveyfinds.TheGalluppollingagencytellusinthesurvey,fortypercentsaidtheywouldpickaboy,28percentsaidtheywouldwantagirl,andtherestdidn'tcarethebaby’sgenderortheywerenotsure. There’snowaytoknowhowmanysexselectiveabortionarethereintheworldeveryyear.Allweknowisthatwearelosingthegenderbalanceandsomemeasuresshouldbetaken.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。()1.AccordingtoChina'scensus_______________________.A.in2010,thenumberofbabyboysisthesamewiththatofbabygirlsB.in2010,therearemorebabyboysthanbabygirlsC.in2010,therearelessbabyboysthanbabygirlsD.in2010,therearemorebabygirlsthanbabyboys()2.WhydoChineselikeboysmuchmorethangirls?A.Becausemencandomorelaboroutside.B.Becausemencanearnmoremoney.C.Becausemencancarrythefamilyname.D.Alloftheabove.()3.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatdoesGalluppollingagencyimply?A.Americansdon’tcarebaby’ssex.B.PeopleinChinalikebabyboysbetter.C.PeopleinAmericanlikebabyboysbetter.D.Peopleintheworldlikebabyboysbetter.()4.Inthesurvey,howmanypeopledon’tcarethebaby’sgenderorarenotsure?A.28%. B.40%. C.Morethan50%. D.32%.()5.What’stheauthor’sattitudeaboutsexselectiveabortion?A.Don’tagree. B.Support. C.Remainneutral. D.Wedon’tknow.【语篇导读】重男轻女现象不仅在中国存在，据报道，美国人也更喜欢生男孩。【答案解析】1.B 细节理解题。从文章第2段118babyboyswerebornforevery100girlsin2010可知，中国2010年，男婴出生人数比女婴多，故选B。2.D 细节理解题。从文章第3段可知，中国人重男轻女原因有三个，男人可以干更重的劳力活，男人赚钱比女人多，男人可以传承家族血统，故选D。3.C 细节理解题。从第4段Iftheywereonlyallowedtohaveonechild,moreAmericanswouldpreferitbeaboyratherthanagirl可知，美国人也更喜欢男孩，故选C。4.D 推理判断题。从第4段第可知，28%的人想生女孩，40%的人想生男孩，剩下的不在乎孩子的性别或不知道自己的想法，故可算出剩下32%的人，故选D。5.A 推理判断题。从最后一段Allweknowisthatwearelosingthegenderbalanceandsomemeasuresshouldbetaken可知，作者希望采取一些措施来解决男女比例失调问题，故他对选择性堕胎这一做法并不赞成，故选A。【生词】census/'sensəs/n.人口普查例句：Thiscountryhasjustcarriedoutacensus.这个国家刚刚进行过人口普查。ratio/'reɪʃəʊ/n.比例例句：Theratioofstudentstoteachersis35:1.学生和老师的比率是三十五比一。bloodline/'blʌdlaɪn/n.血统例句：Beingkingisabloodline,notajobintheCEOsenseoftheword.当国王其实只事关血统，这可和做CEO截然不同。gender/'dʒendə/n.性别例句：What'sthegenderofthenewbornbaby?新生儿是男孩还是女孩?abortion/ə'bɔːʃn/n.堕胎例句：Theyarediscussingthemoralityofabortion.他们正在讨论堕胎的道德性。【长难句分析】ThisserioussocialproblemisduetoChinesetraditionalopiniontowardsboysandgirls.这个严重的社会问题是由中国人对男孩女孩的传统看法导致的。句中bedueto意为“由于......”Theotherreasonisthatboyscarryonthefamilynamewhentheygetmarried,whilegirlsdonotcarryonthebloodlinewhichisofgreatimportancetoChinesefamily.另外一个原因是，男人结婚后可以传承家族姓氏和血统，而女人却不能。家族血统对于中国家庭来说是至关重要的。句中while意为“然而”，表转折；beofgreatimportance=important。Allweknowisthatwearelosingthegenderbalanceandsomemeasuresshouldbetaken.我们所知道的是人口性别比例失衡，我们应该采取一些行动。此句是一个由that引导的表语从句。一（2023·江苏·无锡外国语学校一模）In2018,Sciencemagazineaskedsomeyoungscientistswhatschoolsshouldteachstudents.Mostsaidstudentsshouldspendlesstimerememberingfactsandhavemorespaceforcreativeactivities.AstheInternetgrowsmorepowerful,studentscangetknowledgeeasily.Whyshouldtheyberequiredtocarrysomuchofitaroundintheirheads?Civilizations(文明)developthroughforgettinglifeskillsthatwereoncenecessary.IntheAgriculturalAge,afarmercouldaffordtoforgethuntingskills.Whensocietiesindustrialized,theknowledgeoffarmingcouldbesafetoforget.Nowadays,smartmachineshelpustogetmosthumanknowledge.Itseemsthatwenolongerneedtoremembermostthings.Doesitmatter?Researchershaverealizedseveralproblemsthatmayhappen.Forone,humanbeingshavebiases(偏见),andsmartmachinesarelikelytoincreaseourbiases.Manypeoplebelievesmartmachinesarenecessarilycorrectandobjective(客观的),butmachinesaretrainedthrougharepeatedtestingandscoringprocess.Intheprocess,humanbeingsstilldecideonthecorrectanswers.Anotherproblemrelatestotheease(容易)ofgettinginformation.Whentherewerenoputers,effortswererequiredtogetknowledgefromotherpeople,orgotothelibrary.Weknowwhatknowledgeliesinotherbrainsorbooks,andwhatliesinourheads.Buttoday,theInternetgivesustheinformationweneedquickly.Thiscanleadtothemistakenbelief—theknowledgewefoundwaspartofwhatweknewallalong.Inanewcivilizationrichinmachineintelligence(智慧),wecaneasilygettosmartmemorynetworkswhereinformationisstored.Butdependencyonanetworksuggestspossibilitiesofbeingharmedeasily.Thecollapseofanyofthenetworksofrelationsourhealthdependsupon,suchasfoodandenergy,wouldproduceterribleresults.Withoutfoodwegethungry;withoutenergywefeelcold.Anditisthroughwidespreadlossofmemorythatcivilizationsareatriskoffallingintoadarkage.Weforgetoldwaystofreeuptimeandspacefornewskills.Aslongastheolderformsofknowledgearestoredsomewhereinournetworks,andcanbefoundwhenweneedthem,perhapsthey’renotreallyforgotten.Still,astimegoeson,weslowlybutunquestionablybeestrangerstofuturepeople.1．Smartmachinesarelikelytoincreaseourbiasesbecause________.A．theygooffcourseintestingandscoring B．wecontrolthetrainingprocessonthemC．weofferthemtoomuchinformation D．theyoverusetheprovidedanswers2．TheeaseofgettinginformationfromtheInternet________.A．freesusfrommakingeffortstolearnnewskills B．preventscivilizationsfrombeinglostatahighspeedC．misleadsusintothinkingwealreadyknewtheknowledge D．separatesthefactswehavefromthoseinthesmartmachines3．Accordingtothispassage,thefollowingaretrueexcept________.A．MostyoungscientistsrepliedtoSciencethatstudentsshouldhavemorecreativeactivities.B．Nowadays,withsmartmachines,peoplenolongerneedtoremembermostthings.C．Theuseofsmartmachinescausessomeproblemstopeople. D．Itisthroughwidespreadlossofmemorythatcivilizationsareatriskoffallingintoadarkage.4．Thewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassageisto________.A．questionaboutthestandardsofinformationstorage B．discussourproblemsofmunicationwithmachinesC．stresstheimportanceofimprovingourrememberingability D．remindusoftheriskofdependingonmachinestoremember1．B

2．C

3．B

4．D【导语】本文主要论述了用机器记信息可能会产生的不良影响。1．细节理解题。根据第三段的后两句“…butmachinesaretrainedthrougharepeatedtestingandscoringprocess.Intheprocess,humanbeingsstilldecideonthecorrectanswers.”可知由于人类是有偏见的，而人控制机器培训的过程，所以智能机器可能会增加我们的偏见。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第四段后两句“Buttoday,theInternetgivesustheinformationweneedquickly.Thiscanleadtothemistakenbelief—theknowledgewefoundwaspartofwhatweknewallalong.”可知从网上轻松获取信息让我们误以为自己已经知道了这些知识。故选C。3．判断推理题。根据第二段最后两句“Itseemsthatwenolongerneedtoremembermostthings.Doesitmatter?”和接下来的论述，尤其是第三段的第一句“Researchershaverealizedseveralproblemsthatmayhappen.”以及第五段最后一句“Anditisthroughwidespreadlossofmemorythatcivilizationsareatriskoffallingintoadarkage.”可知即使有了智能机器，人类也还需要自己去记很多东西，不然会带来很多问题，所以选项B表述错误。故选B。4．判断推理题。通读全文，尤其是第五段的前两句“Inanewcivilizationrichinmachineintelligence(智慧),wecaneasilygettosmartmemorynetworkswhereinformationisstored.Butdependencyonanetworksuggestspossibilitiesofbeingharmedeasily.”可知文章主要论述了人类过于依赖智能机器记信息所产生的问题，可推断出作者写这篇文章旨在提醒人们依赖机器记信息所带来的风险。故选D。二（2023·江苏·无锡外国语学校一模）AteamofUSpsychologist(心理学家)havefoundthattalkingtoanotherpersonfortenminutesadayhelpswithmemory.“Socializingisjustasusefulasmoretraditionalkindsofmental(脑力的)exercisesinboostingmemoryandintellectualperformance,”OscarYbarra,apsychologistattheUniversityofMichiganInstituteforSocialResearch,saidinastatement.Inoneinvestigation(调查),theyanalyzeddataon3610people,aged24to96.Theyfindthatthehighertheirlevelofsocialinteraction(交流),thebettertheircognitive(认知的)functioning.Socialinteractionincludesgettingtogetherorhavingphonechatswithrelatives,friendsandneighbors.Inanotherexperiment,theresearchersconductedlaboratorytestson76collegestudents,aged18to21,toevaluate(评估)howsocialinteractionsandmentalexercisesinfluencedtheresultsofmemoryandintellectualperformancetests.Thestudentsweredividedintothreegroups:thesocialinteractiongrouphadadiscussionofasocialissuefor10minutesbeforetakingthetests;thementalactivitiesgrouppletedthreetasks(includingareadingprehensionexerciseandacrosswordpuzzle)beforethetests;andacontrolgroupwatcheda10minutefilmoftheSeinfeldtelevisionshow.“Wefoundthatshorttermsocialinteractionlastingforjust10minutesimprovedthestudents’intellectualperformanceasmuchasworkingonsocalled‘mental’activitiesforthesameamountoftime,”Ybarrasaid.ThestudywasexpectedtobepublishedintheFebruaryissueofthejournalPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boosting”inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A．Improving. B．Reducing. C．Preventing. D．Training.2．Theresearchersconductedlaboratorytestson76collegestudentsto________.A．judgetheinfluenceofsocialinteractiononmemoryandintelligence B．findoutwhatisrealsocialinteractionC．learnhowmuchtimeisneededforsocialinteraction D．showthefuncti