北京市西城区2025届高三英语二模试题含解析

PAGE27-北京市西城区2025届高三英语二模试题（含解析）本试卷共11页，120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：学问运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，依据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。DuringatriptoNewYorkCity,AlabamawomanMaryAnderson___1___(notice)atrolleydrivercouldn’tseewellwhenitwassnowing.Atthatpoint,drivershadtoopenthewindow___2___(clear)it,lettingsnowandrainintothevehicle.Asasolution,Andersondesignedandpatentedwoodandrubberarms___3___wouldpushrainandsnowoffthewindowatthepullofalever(限制杆).Butshewastoldher___4___(invent)wasdistractingandimpractical,andsheneverprofitedfromherdesign.【答案】1.noticed2.toclear3.that/which4.invention【解析】这是一篇记叙文。该段落主要描写了MaryAnderson独创汽车挡风玻璃雨刮器，但被认为是不切实际的独创。【1题详解】考查时态。句意：在去纽约的旅途中，阿拉巴马州的妇女玛丽·安德森留意到一名电车司机在下雪时看不清东西。依据前一句“DuringatriptoNewYorkCity,在去纽约的路上…”可知notice这个动作是过去发生的，要运用一般过去时。故填noticed。【2题详解】考查不定式。句意：就在那时，司机不得不打开窗户去清理它。依据句意可知，打开窗户的目的是“清理”，即运用不定式做目的状语。故填toclear。【3题详解】考查定语从句。句意：作为解决方法，Anderson设计了一个木质的橡胶手臂并申请专利，这个手臂可以通过限制杆将车窗上的雨和雪推掉。该句为定语从句，先行词为woodandrubberarms，并在从句中做主语，应由关系代词that\which引导。故填that\which.【4题详解】考查名词。句意：但是她被告知她的独创会分散司机留意力，不切实际。本题中invite前为形容词性物主代词her，其后要接名词，所以将invent变为invention。故填invention。B阅读下列短文，依据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Thered-crownedcrane(鹤)isoneofthe___5___(large)cranesintheworld,standingatabout150cmtall.Itsfeathersareaswhiteassnow,exceptforsomeblackonesonitsface,neckandwings.Itsuniquefeature,fromwhichitgetsitsname,isthebrightredskinonthetopofitshead.Thered-crownedcrane___6___(find)inChina,Russia,Mongolia,JapanandtheKoreanPeninsula(半岛).InChina,itspendsthewarmermonthsintheriversandwetlandsinthenorth-east.___7___theweathergetscold,itmigratestoeast-centralChina.Thered-crownedcraneisasymboloflonglifeandgoodluckinChineseculture.【答案】5.largest6.isfound/hasbeenfound7.When/As【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了丹顶鹤的外观，栖息地和象征意义。【5题详解】考查最高级。此处是oneof句型，表示“最……之一”，其中形容词用最高级。故填largest。【6题详解】考查被动语态。句中主语Thered-crownedcrane是单数，和动词find是被动关系。此处表示丹顶鹤在中国、俄罗斯、蒙古、日本和朝鲜半岛被发觉，既可表示过去发生的事，也可以指到现在为止在这些地方被发觉，用现在完成时。故填isfound/hasbeenfound。【7题详解】考查连词。句意：当天气变冷时，它迁移到中国的中东部。此处表示“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，故填When/As。C阅读下列短文，依据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。NearlytwodecadeshavepassedsinceChinasentthefirstBeidousatelliteintospacein2000.Duringthattime,moreBeidousatellitesweresentintoorbit(轨道),___8___(form)theBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS).Inlate2012,itbeganprovidingpositioning,navigation,timingandmessaging___9___(service)topeopleinChinaandotherpartsoftheAsia-Pacificregion.Attheendof2024,BDSstartedtoserveusersworldwide.NowwithtwomoreBeidousatellites____10____(launch)onDec16,2024,BDShas53satellitesinorbit.【答案】8.forming9.services10.launched【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成北斗导航卫星系统。文章还说明白从2012年底到2024年期间，北斗系统能供应的功能和完善状况。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成北斗导航卫星系统。分析句子结构，form与其逻辑主语Beidousatellites之间是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语。故填forming。【9题详解】考查名词的数。句意：2012年底，该公司起先向中国和亚太地区其他地区的用户供应定位、导航、定时和短信服务。service为可数名词，依据上文positioning,navigation,timingandmessaging可知此处服务不止一种，故应用名词复数形式。故填services。【10题详解】考查with复合结构。句意：2019年12月其次节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，驾驭其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MyBoxingExperienceThisyearIjoinedboxingclass.MyfriendLeaandIweretheonly____11____intheclass.Wegottothrowourfirstpunches(拳击)andlearnedhowweshouldstand.Istilldidn’tknowhowtodoitwell,butIfeltthatchoosingtheboxingclasswastherightdecision.Mr.Vernon,ourboxingteacher,madeusworkhardandsweat.Theboxingpads(拳击护具)weremyfavorite,butmypunchesweren’t____12____enough.Afterparticipatinginmorepractices,wehadlearnedhowtopunchinsixdifferentways.Theboyswereimprovingalotontheirstrength,andLeawithherspeed,andme?Well,Ihadahardtimeseeingthe____13____.Mr.Vernonwouldalwaystellmethatpracticewouldmakemestronger,andthisiswhathelpedmotivatemeto____14____.Eachpracticetherewasatleastoneboywhowould____15____meandsay,“Ohyou’retooshorttobox.Mr.Vernonhasto____16____downwhenyouareontheboxingpads;ohyou’renotstrongenough;youpunchlikeamouse.”Iknowthosecommentswerenotto____17____me,butjusttohavefun.It’strue,I’masmallandshortpersonandIdidlackconfidence;buthearingthosecommentscaneitherbringyou____18____,ormakeyoufeelmotivatedtoshowthemtheyare____19____.Inmycase,theystartedtodiscourageme.Ididn’thavethestrengthtothinktheywerewrong,andapartofmethoughtthattheywerespeakingthe____20____.IhiditinsidemyheartbecauseIthoughtthatshowingthatIwas____21____myselfwouldmakeitworse.IrememberoneparticularpracticewhereIwasmadandangry,andmypunchessuddenlyfeltstrongerandfaster.Iwas____22____,yetIhadafeelinginmethatitwasthereallalong.Ijustdidn’thavethat____23____inme.Afterpractice,Mr.VernonpointedoutthatIwasgettingstrongerandbetter,whichreallymademefeelmore____24____andshowedmethatwhattheothersweresayingaboutmewaswrong.Ihad____25____foundthestrengthIneeded.Thefollowingpractices,Mr.Vernonwasimpressedwithmyhooksanduppercuts,becausetheyweregetting____26____.Thisexperiencetaughtmethatboxingrequiresalotofworkandeffort,butitalsotaughtmenottofeel____27____aboutwhatpeoplesay.Ifyoufocusonyourstrongpointsandimproveonyour____28____ones,thereisnoreasonforyoutofeeldisappointed.Boxingtaughtmehowtofight,anddefendmyselfphysicallyandmentally,andshowthatshortgirlscandoanythingiftheyhavethe____29____toprovepeoplewrong.Beingshortdoesn’t____30____meanddefinitelydoesnotlimitmefromdoingthingsthattallorstrongerpeoplecando.11A.girls B.boys C.teenagers D.adults12.A.large B.strong C.accurate D.quick13.A.difference B.grade C.point D.judgement14.A.relax B.change C.return D.continue15.A.wavegoodbyeto B.takeadvantageof C.payattentionto D.makefunof16.A.look B.sit C.bend D.turn17.A.teach B.hurt C.amuse D.warn18.A.down B.back C.along D.in19.A.rude B.wrong C.funny D.simple20.A.result B.word C.truth D.reason21.A.fooling B.doubting C.convincing D.criticizing22.A.surprised B.worried C.moved D.disappointed23.A.relief B.fear C.anger D.interest24.A.regretful B.comfortable C.embarrassed D.confident25.A.eagerly B.finally C.gradually D.gratefully26.A.normal B.reliable C.harmful D.powerful27.A.discouraged B.ashamed C.annoyed D.confused28.A.small B.old C.weak D.shining29.A.experience B.curiosity C.attention D.motivation30.A.want B.help C.define D.forgive【答案】11.A12.B13.A14.D15.D16.C17.B18.A19.B20.C21.B22.A23.C24.D25.B26.D27.A28.C29.D30.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者学习拳击的经验，作者因为个子矮，拳击不够有力，一起先每天至少会有一个男孩子取笑作者个子矮，作者也对此感到懊丧。到后来作者最终变得越来越强大，明白了矮个子女孩只要有动力去证明别人是错的，她们就能做任何事情。个子矮并不能定义作者，也肯定不能限制作者去做那些高个或强壮的人能做的事情。【11题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的挚友Lea和我是班上仅有的女孩。A.girls女孩；B.boys男孩；C.teenagers青少年；D.adults成年人。依据最终一段中andshowthatshortgirlscandoanything可知班上只有作者和Lea是女孩。故选A。【12题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拳击护具是我的最爱，但我的拳击不够有力。A.large大的；B.strong有力的，强壮的；C.accurate精确的；D.quick快的。依据其次段中Mr.Vernonwouldalwaystellmethatpracticewouldmakemestronger可知作者的拳击还不够有利。故选B。【13题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：嗯，我很难看出其中的区分。A.difference区分，差异；B.grade成果；C.point要点；D.judgement推断。依据上文Theboyswereimprovingalotontheirstrength,andLeawithherspeed,andme?Well,Ihadahardtimeseeingthe可知其他人都有了不同的变更，而作者还很难看到自己和以前的区分。故选A。14题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Vernon先生总是告知我，练习会让我变得更强，而这正是我接着坚持下去的动力。A.relax放松；B.change变更；C.return返回；D.continue接着。结合上文Mr.Vernonwouldalwaystellmethatpracticewouldmakemestronger,andthisiswhathelpedmotivatemeto可知Vernon先生的话激励作者接着下去。故选D。【15题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：每次练习都至少有一个男孩会取笑我说:“哦，你太矮了，打不了拳击。”A.wavegoodbyeto挥手告辞；B.takeadvantageof利用；C.payattentionto留意；D.makefunof取笑。依据下一段中butjusttohavefun.可知男孩子会取笑作者。故选D。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你在拳击场上时，Vernon先生不得不弯下腰。A.look看；B.sit坐下；C.bend弯曲；D.turn转弯。结合上文Ohyou’retooshorttobox.可知对方取笑作者太矮了，坐在拳击护具上时，Vernon先生不得不弯下腰。benddown“弯腰”。故选C。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道那些话不是要损害我，只是为了找乐子。A.teach教；B.hurt损害；C.amuse消遣；D.warn警告。依据后文butjusttohavefun.可知男孩子取笑作者的身高，并不是为了要损害作者，只是为了找乐子。故选B。【18题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：没错，我个子又小又矮，我的确缺乏自信；但是，听到这些评论，要么会让你悲观，要么会让你有动力向他们证明他们是错的。A.down向下；B.back回去；C.along沿着；D.in在里面。依据最终一段中thereisnoreasonforyoutofeeldisappointed.可知这些评论，要么会让你悲观，要么会让你有动力向他们证明他们是错的。短语bringsb.down“让某人悲观”。故选A。【19题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没错，我个子又小又矮，我的确缺乏自信;但是，听到这些评论，要么会让你悲观，要么会让你有动力向他们证明他们是错的。A.rude粗鲁的；B.wrong错误的；C.funny好玩的；D.simple简洁的。依据后文Ididn’thavethestrengthtothinktheywerewrong可知此处指有动力向他们证明他们是错的。故选B。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有志气去认为他们是错的，我内心有一部分认为他们说的是事实。A.result结果；B.word话语；C.truth事实；D.reason理由。依据上文It’strue,I’masmallandshortpersonandIdidlackconfidence可知作者知道自己是个个子矮的人，全部听了这些男孩子的话，内心有一部分认为他们说的是事实。故选C。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把它藏在心里，因为我觉得表现出对自己的怀疑只会让事情变得更糟。A.fooling愚弄；B.doubting怀疑；C.convincing劝服；D.criticizing指责。结合后文myselfwouldmakeitworse.可知作者内心有一部分认为男孩子说的是事实，但是藏在心里，因为表现出对自己的怀疑只会让事情变得更糟。故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很惊异，但我有一种感觉，它始终在我心里。A.surprised惊异的；B.worried担忧的；C.moved感动的；D.disappointed悲观的。结合上文IrememberoneparticularpracticewhereIwasmadandangry,andmypunchessuddenlyfeltstrongerandfaster.可知作者发觉生气时拳头突然变得更有力更快了，这让作者感觉惊异。故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是没有那么生气了。A.relief减轻；B.fear恐惊；C.anger生气；D.interest爱好。依据上文Iwasmadandangry可知指生气。故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：训练结束后，Vernon先生指出我变得越来越强壮，越来越好，这真的让我感到更加自信，也让我明白别人对我的评价是错误的。A.regretful缺憾的；B.comfortable舒适的；C.embarrassed尴尬的；D.confident自信的。依据第四段中It’strue,I’masmallandshortpersonandIdidlackconfidence可知作者一起先并不自信，Vernon指出作者有进步后，作者感觉更加自信了。故选D。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我最终找到了我须要的力气。A.eagerly急迫地；B.finally最终；C.gradually渐渐地；D.gratefully感谢地。依据后文foundthestrengthIneeded.可知作者从一起先拳击不够有力，到如今获得了Vernon先生的认可，作者最终找到了自己须要的力气。故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过接下来的练习，Vernon先生对我的勾拳和上勾拳印象深刻，因为它们变得越来越有力。A.normal正常的；B.reliable牢靠的；C.harmful有害的；D.powerful有力的，强大的。结合上文Mr.VernonpointedoutthatIwasgettingstrongerandbetter可知作者的拳击变得越来越有力了。故选D。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这段经验让我明白，拳击须要付出很多努力和艰辛，但也让我明白，不要对别人说的话感到气馁。A.discouraged气馁的，灰心的；B.ashamed惭愧的；C.annoyed愤怒的；D.confused困惑的。依据倒数第三段中Inmycase,theystartedtodiscourageme.可知作者明白了不要对别人说的话感到气馁。故选A。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：假如你专注于自己的优点，改进自己的缺点，你就没有理由感到悲观。A.small小的；B.old老的；C.weak弱的，虚弱的；D.shining光亮的。依据上文Ifyoufocusonyourstrongpointsandimproveonyour可知作者认为要专注于自己的优点，改进自己的缺点，就没有理由感到悲观了。故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：拳击教会了我如何战斗，如何在身体上和精神上爱护自己，也告知我矮个子女孩只要有动力去证明别人是错的，她们就能做任何事情。A.experience经验；B.curiosity新奇心；C.attention留意力；D.motivation动机。依据倒数第三段中ormakeyoufeelmotivatedtoshowthem可知此处指有动力去证明别人是错的。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：矮个子并不能定义我，也肯定不能限制我做那些高个或强壮的人能做的事情。A.want想要；B.help帮助；C.define定义；D.forgive宽恕。结合后文meanddefinitelydoesnotlimitmefromdoingthingsthattallorstrongerpeoplecando.可知个子矮并不能定义作者，也肯定不能限制作者去做那些高个或强壮的人能做的事情。故选C。其次部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATHEOLYMPICSTUDIESCENTREYOURSOURCEOFREFERENCEFOROLYMPICKNOWLEDGETheIOCOlympicStudiesCentreistheworldsourceofreferenceforOlympicknowledge.Ourmissionistosharethisknowledgewithprofessionalsandresearchersthroughprovidinginformation,givingaccesstoouruniquecollections,enablingresearchandstimulatingintellectualexchange.AspartoftheIOC,weareuniquelyplacedtocollectandsharethemostup-to-dateandaccurateinformationonOlympism.OurcollectionsincludetheIOCarchives(档案),theofficialpublicationsoftheIOCandtheOrganizingCommitteeoftheOlympicGamesaswellasbooks,articlesandjournals.HERETOHELPWhateveryourinterestintheOlympicMovement—academicorprofessional—wewillhelpyoufindtheinformationyouneed,quicklyandeasily.We’rehereto:Answeryourquestions:sharefactualandhistoricalinformation,GamesresultsandstatisticsGivepersonalizedguidance:helpyoufindwhatyouneedinourextensivelibraryandarchivesLendyoubooksandpublications,eveninternationallyGiveyouonlineaccess:toourelectronicdocumentsAwardresearchgrants:toPhDstudentsandestablishedresearchersConnectyoutoournetwork:ofacademicexpertsinOlympicstudiesJointheacademiccommunityinterestedinOlympicstudiesOneofourkeyrolesistofacilitatecommunicationandcooperationbetweentheIOCandtheinternationalacademiccommunityinordertopromoteresearchandstimulateintellectualexchange.Thisworldwidecommunityismainlycomposedofover40OlympicStudiesCentersandhundredsofindividualscholarsanduniversitystudentsworkingonacademicprojectsrelatedtothefieldofOlympicstudies.Thankstothisregularexchangeandtheworkconductedbytheacademics,weenrichtheworld’sOlympicknowledge,sharenewanalysisonkeytopicsrelatedtotheOlympicMovementandcanprovideguidancetouniversitieswishingtolaunchinitiativesonOlympicstudies.JoinouracademicmailinglistUniversityprofessorsandresearchersareinvitedtojoinouracademicmailinglisttobeinformedaboutourfutureactivitiesandotherupdatesconcerningOlympicstudiesinitiatives.Tojoin,emailuswithabriefdescriptionofyouracademicstatusandyourfullcontactdetails.VISITUSYou’llfindusnextdoortotheOlympicMuseuminLausanne,Switzerland.We’reopenMondaytoFriday,9amto5pm,exceptonpublicholidaysandonChristmas.Youdon’tneedanappointmenttousethelibraryandthestudyrooms.Ifyouwouldliketoseethehistoricalarchivesorneedpersonalguidancetofindyourwayaroundourcollections,pleasefilloutourvisitorrequestform.31.TheOlympicStudiesCentermainlyaimsto________.A.givepersonalizedguidanceB.provideresourcesontheOlympicsC.receiveOlympicfansacrosstheworldD.updateinformationonOlympismforofficials32.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheacademiccommunity?A.ItisorganizedbyOlympicofficials.B.Itlaunchesprojectsatuniversities.C.Itpromotesacademicexchanges.D.Itprovideselectronicdocuments.33.Ifyouwanttovisitthecenter,youhaveto________.A.filloutavisitorrequestform B.entertheOlympicMuseumC.makeanappointment D.arriveonworkdays【答案】31.B32.C33.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍奥林匹克探讨中心。【31题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段第一句TheIOCOlympicStudiesCentreistheworldsourceofreferenceforOlympicknowledge.“国际奥委会奥林匹克探讨中心是世界奥林匹克学问的参考来源。”由此可知，奥林匹克探讨中心的主要目标是供应有关奥林匹克的资源。故选B。【32题详解】细微环节理解题。依据JointheacademiccommunityinterestedinOlympicstudies中OneofourkeyrolesistofacilitatecommunicationandcooperationbetweentheIOCandtheinternationalacademiccommunityinordertopromoteresearchandstimulateintellectualexchange.“我们的主要作用之一是促进国际奥委会和国际学术界之间的沟通与合作，以促进探讨和促进智力沟通。”由此可知，关于学术界，它促进学术沟通。故选C。【33题详解】推理推断题。依据VISITUS中You’llfindusnextdoortotheOlympicMuseuminLausanne,Switzerland.We’reopenMondaytoFriday,9amto5pm,exceptonpublicholidaysandonChristmas“我们就在瑞士洛桑奥林匹克博物馆隔壁。我们周一至周五上午9点至下午5点营业，公众假期和圣诞节除外。”由此可知，假如你想参观这个中心，你必需在工作日到达。故选D。BAstrugglingWaffleHouseemployeewhowastryingtoservenearly30peoplebyhimselfaftermidnightgotafullservingofkindnesswhensomecustomersjumpedbehindthecountertohelphim.EthanCrispo,24,witnessedtheinspiringsceneintheearlyhoursofNov.3ataWaffleHouseinBirmingham,Alabama.CrispotoldTODAY’sKerrySandersthathehadcometothe24-hourrestaurantfromafriend’sbirthdaypartyandsawthestrugglingemployee,identifiedonlyasBen,tryingtocookthefood,serveit,bustablesandwashdisheswhilemorethan25peoplewerewaitingtoeat.“Thelookonhisfacewasjustconfusion,”CrispotoldSanders.Anunidentifiedmalecustomerthendecidedtohelphimout,grabbinganapronandgoingbehindthecountertowashdishes.Anothercustomer,AlisonStanley,wentbehindthecountertomakesomecoffee—stilldressedfromanightoutonthetown.“Idon’tthinkit’sanythingspecial,”StanleytoldSanders.“Heneededhelp,soIgotupandhelpedout.”CrispotooksomephotosofthesceneasmultiplecustomersworkedtobustablesandwashdisheswhileBenfocusedontakingordersandpreparingthefood.WaffleHousetoldTODAYthatBenwaslefttosupporthimselfduetoaschedulingissue.“Wehadtwoassociatesscheduledtoleave,however,duetoacommunicationmix-up,theirreliefdidnotshowupontime,”WaffleHousedirectorofPRPatWarnersaidinastatement.“ThatleftBen,ourcook,aloneintherestaurantwithhungrycustomers.Heworkedthegrill(烤架)andgottheordersout.”ThecompanywasalsothankfulforthecustomerswhojoinedinandhelpedBenout.“WearegratefulthatmanyofourcustomersfeelliketheyarepartofourWaffleHousefamily,”Warnersaid.“Thereisasenseofcommunityineachandeveryoneofourrestaurants,andweappreciatethefactthattheyconsiderourassociateslikefamily.”“WearealsoverythankfulforBen,whokepttherestaurantopen.HeisarepresentativeofourWaffleHouseculturebyalwaysputtingthecustomersfirst.”Crispohadhisusualorder,doubleplainwaffle,ashetookinthesceneofstrangershelpingoutBenonhisshift.“Humanitytrulyisn’tgood,it’sgreat!”hesaid.34.Benwaslefttoworkaloneduringhismidnightshiftbecause________.A.hisassociatesaskedforaleave B.therewasaschedulingmistakeC.fewcustomersneededtobeserved D.therestaurantwasscheduledtoclose35.SomecustomershelpedBenoutby________.Awashingdishes B.takingphotosC.takingorders D.cookingfood36.WhydidthecustomerslendahelpinghandaccordingtoPatWarner?A.Theysharedthesamecommunityspirit. B.TheywerefamilymembersofBen.C.Theywantedtoservethemselves. D.Theyweretoohungrytowait.37.HowdidCrispofeelasawitnessofthescene?A.Luckyandexcited. B.Movedandinspired.C.Relievedandhopeful. D.Contentandunbelievable.【答案】34.B35.A36.A37.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲解并描述了一家华夫饼屋由于人员支配的失误，导致只剩一名员工款待顾客，鉴于此，顾客们纷纷主动帮助员工。【34题详解】推理推断题。由第十段“Wehadtwoassociatesscheduledtoleave,however,duetoacommunicationmix-up,theirreliefdidnotshowupontime,”WaffleHousedirectorofPRPatWarnersaidinastatement.“ThatleftBen,ourcook,aloneintherestaurantwithhungrycustomers.Heworkedthegrill(烤架)andgottheordersout.”可知，华夫饼屋公关总监帕特·沃纳在一份声明中称:“我们有两名员工支配离开，但由于沟通失误，他们换班着没有刚好出现。这就剩下我们的厨师本和饥饿的顾客们在餐厅里。他既要负责烤架还要负责订单了。”由此推断出，因为换班人员的支配出了问题，导致Ben一个人在工作，故选B项。【35题详解】细微环节理解题。由第五段“Anunidentifiedmalecustomerthendecidedtohelphimout,grabbinganapronandgoingbehindthecountertowashdishes.”和第八段“CrispotooksomephotosofthesceneasmultiplecustomersworkedtobustablesandwashdisheswhileBenfocusedontakingordersandpreparingthefood.”可知，“一位身份不明的男性顾客确定帮他一把，抓起围裙，跑到柜台后面洗盘子。”“克里斯波拍下了现场的一些照片，当时很多顾客都在清理桌子和洗碗，而本则在用心点单和打算食物”。由此可见，一些顾客帮忙洗盘子，整理桌子。故选A项。【36题详解】推理推断题。由第十二段“WearegratefulthatmanyofourcustomersfeelliketheyarepartofourWaffleHousefamily,”Warnersaid.“Thereisasenseofcommunityineachandeveryoneofourrestaurants,andweappreciatethefactthattheyconsiderourassociateslikefamily.”可知，“很多顾客觉得自己是我们华夫饼屋的一份子，对此我们很感谢，”华纳说。“我们的每一家餐厅都有一种社区意识，我们很感谢他们把我们的员工当成家人。”由此可见，店里的顾客将自己视为华夫饼屋的成员，大家都有一种社区意识，彼此相互帮忙。故选A项。【37题详解】推理推断题。由其次段“EthanCrispo,24,witnessedtheinspiringsceneintheearlyhoursofNov.3ataWaffleHouseinBirmingham,Alabama.”11月3日凌晨，24岁的克里斯波在阿拉巴马州伯明翰的一家华夫饼屋目睹了这令人激昂的一幕。最终一段“Humanitytrulyisn’tgood,it’sgreat!”可知，克里斯波认为：人性不是好，是宏大！由此推断出他目睹了这一切，被感动，被激励，发出了对人性的感叹。故选B项。【点睛】细微环节理解题顾名思义要抓住细微环节，将原文的细微环节信息跟题目和题干进行比对，选出正确选项。例如第2题，题目问：一些顾客怎样帮助本？由第五段“Anunidentifiedmalecustomerthendecidedtohelphimout,grabbinganapronandgoingbehindthecountertowashdishes.”和第八段“CrispotooksomephotosofthesceneasmultiplecustomersworkedtobustablesandwashdisheswhileBenfocusedontakingordersandpreparingthefood.”可知，“一位身份不明的男性顾客确定帮他一把，抓起围裙，跑到柜台后面洗盘子。”“克里斯波拍下了现场的一些照片，当时很多顾客都在清理桌子和洗碗，而本则在用心点单和打算食物”。由此可见，一些顾客帮忙洗盘子，整理桌子。故选A项。CChickenisAmerica’smostpopularmeat.Manypeopleassumechickenfollowsasimplerule-of-thumb:Pinkchickenturnedwhitemeans“done.”It’ssimilartohowwecookothermeats.Butisthistrue?Tostudyhowcooksathomefollowsafetyrecommendations,researchersfilmed75householdsinfiveEuropeancountries.Fromarandombutnonrepresentativesample,theyalsoconductedanonlinesurveyofnearly4,000householdsinthesamecountriesthatsaytheycookchicken.Worriedthatchickenwoulddryout,mosthomecooksdetermineddonenessbycolorandtexture(口感)insidethemeat,theyfound.Fewbotheredwiththermometers(温度计),claimingtheytooktoomuchtime,weretoocomplicatedtouse,didn’tfitinthechickenorweren’tnecessary(althougheasy-to-usethermometersareinexpensiveandwidelyavailable).Inadditionallabexperiments,thescientistsinjectedrawchickenbreastwithbacteria(细菌),whichcausemillionsofsicknesses,thousandsofhospitalizationsandhundredsofdeathseachyearintheUnitedStates.Theycookedthebreastsuntiltheyreachedcoretemperaturesrangingfrom122to158Fahrenheit,andtheydiscoveredsomethingsurprising.At158degrees,butnotlower,bacteriainsidethechickens’coreswasreducedtosafelevels,andwhencutopenitsfleshappeareddullandfibrous,notshinylikerawchicken.Butmeatbeganchangingfrompinktowhitefarbelowthis,andmostcolorchangeoccurredbelow131degreesFahrenheit.Sometimes,thechicken’scorewouldbesafelycooked,butunsafelevelsofbacteriastillexistedonsurfacesthathadn’ttouchedthegrillplate.Sowhatareyousupposedtodo?Dr.BrunoGoussault,ascientistandchef,recommendsbuyingandcookingbreastsandlegsseparately.Bringthebreast’scoreto165degreesFahrenheit,hesaid,andthelegtobetween168.8and172.4Fahrenheit.Ifyoureallywanttosafelymeasuretemperatureforawholechicken,insertapop-upthermometerintothethickestpartofthelegbeforeroastingit,Dr.Goussaultsuggests.Bythetimeitpops,thebreastswillhavelongcooked.Theywilllikelybedryandfarfromhisstandardsofculinary(烹饪的)perfection.Butyou’llbesureto,asDr.GoussaultsaysinFrench,“dormirsursesdeuxoreilles,”or,figuratively,“sleeppeacefully.”38.Whydidn’thomecooksmeasuretemperaturewithathermometer?A.Theycouldnotaffordit. B.Itaffectedthetasteofthemeat.C.Itwasnotavailableinsupermarkets. D.Theythoughtitwastoomuchtrouble.39.Inlabexperiments,whenthetemperaturereached158Fahrenheit,themeat.A.wasfreeofbacteria B.stillremainedpinkC.appearedtodryout D.wasreducedinsize40.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A.Themeatdoesnottastebestwhenbacteriafree.B.Thelegbecomesfullycookedbeforethebreast.C.Awholechickenrequiresahighertemperature.D.Thethermometershouldbeplacedinsidethebreast.41.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Foodsafety. B.Simplelifestyle.C.Cookingskills. D.Kitchenequipment.【答案】38.D39.C40.A41.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章通过描述科学家所做的鸡胸和鸡腿的烹饪温度的测量试验，说明如何烹饪鸡肉才是平安的。【38题详解】细微环节理解题。由文章其次段Fewbotheredwiththermometers(温度计),claimingtheytooktoomuchtime,weretoocomplicatedtouse,didn’tfitinthechickenorweren’tnecessary.很少有人为温度计费心，宣称他们花费了太多的时间，太困难而不能运用，不适合鸡肉也没必要。可知，人们会觉得用温度计比较麻烦，与选项D内容相符，故选D项。【39题详解】细微环节理解题。由文章第三段At158degrees,butnotlower,bacteriainsidethechickens’coreswasreducedtosafelevels,andwhencutopenitsfleshappeareddullandfibrous,notshinylikerawchicken.在158度时，但不是更低，鸡核心的细菌降到了平安水平，当被切开时，鸡肉显得枯燥和纤维状，不像生鸡肉肉质那么光滑。可知，到了158度时，鸡肉会显得干燥和纤维状，与选项C内容相符，故选C项。【40题详解】推理推断题。由最终一段Bringthebreast’scoreto165degreesFahrenheit,hesaid,andthelegtobetween168.8and172.4Fahrenheit.鸡胸的核心温度要达到165度，他说，鸡腿的温度要达到168.8度和172.4度之间。和Theywilllikelybedryandfarfromhisstandardsofculinary(烹饪的)perfection.他们可能会干燥，而且与完备的烹饪标准也相去甚远。可知，鸡胸和鸡腿的平安烹饪温度分别为165度，168.8度和172.4度之间，这时细菌几乎被杀死了，所以食用是比较平安的，但此时口感和味道却不那么好了。与选项A内容相符，故选A项。41题详解】主旨大意题。由文章第一段Tostudyhowcooksathomefollowsafetyrecommendations,researchersfilmed75householdsinfiveEuropeancountries.为了探讨在家烹饪如何遵守平安的建议，探讨者们在5个欧洲国家拍摄了75个家庭的烹饪状况。可知，文章讲解并描述的是在家烹饪时的食品平安问题，与选项A内容相符，故选A项。【点睛】主旨大意题是阅读理解的常见题型，做这类题时，一般会有如下思路：1.关注首段或是最终一段，这两个位置往往会有体现文章主旨的句子。2.如没有主旨句，要通读全文，自己概括出文章大意。例如小题4就依据第一个思路，由第一段Tostudyhowcooksathomefollowsafetyrecommendations,researchersfilmed75householdsinfiveEuropeancountries.为了探讨在家烹饪如何遵守平安的建议，探讨者们在5个欧洲国家拍摄了75个家庭的烹饪状况。再结合文章的描述，可知本文讲解并描述的是在家烹饪时食品平安的问题，故选A项。DUpskillingisthefuture—butitmustworkforeveryoneAutomationandjobreplacementwillbeoneofthemostsignificantchallengesfortheglobaleconomyofthecomingdecades.A2024Mckinseyreportestablishedthat375millionworkerswillneedtoswitchoccupationalcategoriesby2030.TheWorldEconomicForumsuggeststhatby2024,automationwillreplace75millionjobsglobally—butcreate133millionnewones.Researchintothelikelihoodthatajobwillbeimpactedbydigitizationhaslargelyfocusedonthe“automatability”oftheroleandthefollowingeconomicregionalandpoliticaleffectsofthis.Whatthisresearchdoesn’ttakeintoaccountissomethingmoreimportantforthemillionsoftaxidriversandretailworkersacrosstheglobe:theirlikelihoodofbeingabletochangetoanotherjobthatisn’tautomatable.Recentresearchsuggeststhattheanswertothismaybethattheskillsthatenableworkerstomoveuptheladdertomorecomplexroleswithintheircurrentareasmightbelessimportantthanbroaderskillsthatwillenableworkerstochangeacrossdivisions.InJuly,Amazonannouncedthatitwouldspend$700millionretrainingaround30%ofits300,000USworkforce.Whilepraiseworthy,itwillbeinterestingtoseetheoutcome.IntheUK,theNationalRetrainingSchemehaslargelybeenledbyemployers,meaningthatthoseonzero-hourscontractsandpart-timeworkers—oftenlow-skilled—willmissout.Governancewillbeacrucialelementofensuringthatsuchschemesfocusonindividualsandlife-longlearning,ratherthanupskillingworkersintorolesthatwillsoonalsofaceautomation.AccordingtotheMckinseyreport,“growingawarenessofthescaleofthetaskaheadhasyettotranslateintoaction.Publicspendingonlabour-forcetrainingandsupporthasfallenforyearsinmostmembercountriesoftheOrganisation