2024年山东省泰安市中考英语真题（解析版）

泰安市2024年初中学业水平考试英语试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。第Ⅰ卷1至9页，第Ⅱ卷10至12页，共150分。考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，请考生仔细阅读答题卡上的注意事项，并务必按照相关要求作答。2.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第Ⅰ卷（共80分）第一部分听力（共25小题；1-20小题每题1分，21-25小题每题2分，满分30分）（一）听句子，选择适当的应答语。每个句子读两遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.No,Ican’t. B.Yes,please. C.Itdoesn’tmatter.【答案】B【解析】【原文】Wouldyoulikesomenoodleswithchicken?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Sheisateacher. B.Sheisoutgoing. C.SheiswatchingTV.【答案】A【解析】【原文】Whatdoesyourmotherdo?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Don’tworry. B.It’sapity. C.Iagreewithyou.【答案】C【解析】【原文】Ithinkit’simportanttogetenoughsleep.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hefailedtheexam. B.Hewonaprize. C.Hegotgoodgrades.【答案】A【解析】【原文】Yourbrotherlooksunhappy.What’swrongwithhim?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Ihopeso. B.OK,Iwill. C.You’rewelcome.【答案】B【解析】【原文】Tommy,remembertoclosethedoorwhenyouleavetheclassroom.（二）听五段对话，选择正确答案。每段对话读两遍。你将有20秒钟的时间阅读下面5个小题。6.WhatwasLucy’ssisterdoingat8o’clocklastnight?【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Readingabook. B.WatchingTV. C.LearningEnglish.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Lucy,whatwereyoudoingat8o’clocklastnight?W:IwashelpingmysisterlearnEnglish.7.HowoftendoesDavehaveP.E.?【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Everyday. B.Twiceaweek. C.Threetimesaweek.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Dave,whendoyouhaveP.E.classes?M:IhaveP.E.classesonMonday,TuesdayandThursday.8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Travel. B.Weather. C.Health.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Whereareyougoingonsummervacation?W:I’mgoingtoKunmingwithmyparents.M:Iwenttherelastyear.Theweatherwasreallycomfortable.I’msureyou’llhaveagoodtime.9.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Inalibrary. B.Inaclothesstore. C.Inarestaurant.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:CanIhelpyou,Sir?M:Yes,please.Iwanttoborrowtwobooksonscience.10.What’sPeter’sprobleminlearningEnglish?【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hehaspoorpronunciation. B.Heisn’thard-working. C.Hecan’tmemorizethewords.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:I’minterestedinEnglish.Whataboutyou,Peter?M:Me,too.ItrymybesttolearnEnglishwell,butIstillhavedifficultymemorizingthewords.（三）听两段长对话，选择正确答案。每段对话读两遍。听每段对话前你将有10秒钟的时间阅读对应的3个小题。听对话，回答下列小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.WhendidPaularriveinParis?A.Yesterday. B.Thedaybeforeyesterday. C.Fourdaysago.12.How’stheweatherinParis?A.It’ssunnyandhot. B.It’swindyandrainy. C.It’ssunnyandwarm.13.WheredidPaulleavehiscamera?A.Inthehotel. B.AttheEiffelTower. C.Ontheundergroundtrain.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【解析】【原文】W:Hello,Paul.AreyoustillinParisnow?M:Yes,Iarrivedherethedaybeforeyesterday.W:What’stheweatherlikethere?M:Great!It’ssunnyandwarm.Ialsolikethepeopleherebecausethey’refriendly.Butthefoodistooexpensive.W:Isee.HaveyouvisitedtheEiffelTower?M:Yes.Itooktheundergroundtrainthereandsawmanyfantasticsights.ButIdidn’ttakeanyphotos.W:Why?M:Ileftmycamerainthehotel.Andevenworse,myphonedidn’twork.W:Whatapity!听对话，回答下列小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatdayisittoday?A.It’sThursday. B.It’sFriday. C.It’sSaturday.15.WhatdoesthewomanwanttobuyforAlice?A.Askirt. B.Adress. C.AT-shirt.16.WhathappenedtoMike’sfriend?A.Hehadabadcold. B.Hehurthislegbyaccident. C.Hehadaterribletrafficaccident.【答案】14.B15.A16.B【解析】【原文】W:Mike,doyouknowthereisanewshoppingmallonCenterStreet?M:Oh,really?W:Yes.ItwillopenonSunday,thedayaftertomorrow.Andtherewillbeabigsale.M:Whatdoyouwanttobuy?W:IwanttobuyaskirtforAliceandaT-shirtforBob.Wouldyouliketogotherewithus?M:I’mafraidnot.IhavetovisitmyfriendJack.Hehurthislegbyaccidentyesterday,andhe’sathomenow.W:Oh,I’msorrytohearthat.（四）听短文，回答下面四个问题，选择正确答案。短文读两遍。你将有20秒钟的时间阅读下面4个小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.What’sthepurposeofthetrainingprogram?A.Todeveloptheabilityofwriting.B.Todeveloptheabilityoflanguagelearning.C.Todeveloptheabilityofindependence.18.Whichoutdooractivityisn’tmentioned?A.Flyingkites. B.Camping. C.Plantingtrees.19.Howmanydayswillthetrainingprogramlast?A.9. B.10. C.11.20.Whatshouldyoudoifyouwanttojoininthetrainingprogram?A.Takeaperformancetest. B.Fillintheinformationcard. C.Makeatelephonecalltothespeaker.【答案】17C18.A19.B20.B【解析】【原文】Goodmorning,boysandgirls!Ourcompanyisnowplanningashorttrainingprogram.Iwanttotakealittleofyourtimetotalkaboutit.It’scalled“LearningfromPractice”andthepurposeistodevelopyourabilitytobeindependent.Therewillbeclassesoncommunicationandmanagement.Wealsohavecolorfuloutdooractivities,suchasplantingtrees,growingvegetablesandcamping.Youdon’tneedanyexperience.Ourcompanywillreceiveafullreportonyourperformance.You’llbesuretoimproveyourlifeskillsanddevelopgoodhabits.The10-dayprogramwillbeinAugust.Ifyouareinterested,pleasewriteyournameandtelephonenumberonthisinformationcardafterthemeeting.Thankyou!（五）听短文，填表格。根据短文内容，写出下面表格中所缺信息，每空一词。短文读三遍。你将有20秒钟的时间阅读表格内容。答题完毕后，请将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howtomakerunningpleasantand______21______OpinionsRunningisthesimplestwaytoexerciseinourdailylife.Suggestions●Buyapairofcomfortablerunningshoestoprotectyourback,feetand______22______.●Haveawarm-upwalkfor10minutes______23______running.Makesureyourunandwalkatleastthreetimesaweek.●Plantoincreasetherunningtime______24______.●Bepatient!Don’ttakepartinroadracesuntilyoucanrun30minuteswithout______25______.【答案】21.safe22.legs23.before24.slowly25.resting【解析】【原文】Ladiesandgentlemen!Runningisstillthesimplestwaytoexerciseinourdailylife.Thefollowingsuggestionsmayhelpyoumakeyourrunningpleasantandsafe.Firstly,itisimportanttobuyapairofcomfortablerunningshoes.Theycanprotectyourback,yourfeetandyourlegsfromgettinghurt.Secondly,walkbeforeyourun.Forthefirstfourweeks,youshouldhavea10-minutewarm-upwalkbeforerunning.Makesureyourunandwalkatleastthreetimesaweek.Pleasedon’trunifyou’renotfeelingwell.Thirdly,runfortime.Youshouldplantoslowlyincreasetherunningtimeratherthanthekilometers.Finally,bepatient!Don’tbeinahurrytotakepartinroadraces,nomatterhowmuchyourfriendsexpectyou.Waituntilyoucanrun30minuteswithoutresting.Areyoureadytorunnow?第二部分完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出能填入短文相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Dodogslikepostmen?Manypeoplebelievenot,becausedogs____26____bark(犬吠)atpostmen.However,aBrazilianpostmannamedCristianoischallengingthisoldidea.Heisknown____27____the“Animal-friendlyPostman”.Foryears,hehasbeenmakingfriendswiththedogsthathe____28____duringhiswork.Andheoftentakesphotoswiththemandpoststhemonline.Itisnoteasytowinadog’s____29____,buthehasawayofdoingthat.First,hegreetsthedog.Then,heletsthedogsniff(嗅)hishandfromaproperdistance.____30____,thedogcangettoknowhimbetterandbecomefamiliarwithhim.Gradually,hegets____31____tothedoguntilthedogiscomfortableenoughtolick(舔)hisface.Itmaycomeasnosurprisethatthisanimal-lovingpostmanhas____32____dogsandcatsathome.Hehasbeenarounddogssincehewasachild.Thismightexplain____33____dogswelcomehim.Cristianoisalsofriendlytootheranimalshemeets.He____34____hellototheneighboringcats,rabbitsandallotherkindsofanimals.Cristianodoesnotjustshowoffhisfriendshipwithanimals.Healsohasamission(使命)ofhisown.Heoftenhelpsinjuredanimalsontheroad.Hetakesthemtothenearbyvetclinicoranimalshelter(收容所).Infact,it’shis____35____toopenhisownanimalshelter.“Iwanttohelpmylittleanimalfriendsmore!”saysthepostman.26.A.often B.hardly C.never27.A.for B.as C.of28.A.meets B.needs C.uses29.A.value B.praise C.trust30.A.Bytheway B.Ontheway C.Inthisway31.A.better B.closer C.farther32.A.afew B.alittle C.kindof33.A.when B.what C.why34.A.greets B.says C.talks35.A.job B.habit C.dream【答案】26.A27.B28.A29.C30.C31.B32.A33.C34.B35.C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了一位名叫Cristiano的巴西邮递员被称为“动物友好邮递员”，他很热爱动物，并梦想开设自己的动物收容所。【26题详解】句意：许多人不相信，因为狗经常对邮递员吠叫。often经常；hardly几乎不；never从不。根据“bark(犬吠)atpostmen”以及常识可知狗经常朝着邮递员吠叫。故选A。【27题详解】句意：他被称为“动物友好邮递员”。for为了；as作为；of……的。根据“the‘Animal-friendlyPostman’”可知是被称为“动物友好邮递员”，beknownas“被称为”。故选B。【28题详解】句意：多年来，他一直在和工作中遇到的狗交朋友。meets遇见；need需要；uses使用。根据“withthedogsthathe...duringhiswork”可知，是和工作中遇到的狗交朋友。故选A。【29题详解】句意：赢得狗的信任并不容易，但它有办法做到这一点。value重视；praise表扬；trust信任。根据“First,hegreetsthedog...thedogiscomfortableenoughtolick(舔)hisface.”可知，他这样做的目的是为了赢得狗的信任。故选C。【30题详解】句意：通过这种方式，狗可以更好地了解他，熟悉他。Bytheway顺便说一下；Ontheway在路上；Inthisway这样。根据“First,hegreetsthedog.Then,heletsthedogsniff(嗅)hishandfromaproperdistance...thedogcangettoknowhimbetter”可知首先，他向狗打招呼，然后，他让狗在适当的距离闻他的手。通过这种方式，狗可以更好地了解他。故选C。【31题详解】句意：渐渐地，他靠近狗，直到狗舒服到可以舔他的脸。better更好；closer更近；farther更远。根据“untilthedogiscomfortableenoughtolick(舔)hisface.”可知是靠近狗，狗可以舔他的脸。故选B。【32题详解】句意：这位热爱动物的邮递员家里有几只狗和猫，这并不奇怪。afew几个，修饰可数名词；alittle一点，修饰不可数名词；kindof有点。此处修饰可数名词复数dogs用afew。故选A。【33题详解】句意：这或许可以解释为什么狗会欢迎他。when什么时候；what什么；why为什么。“他从小就和狗在一起”是“狗会欢迎他”的原因，用why引导宾语从句。故选C。【34题详解】句意：他向邻近的猫、兔子和其他各种动物问好。greets打招呼；says说；talks说话。sayhelloto“向……问好”。故选B。【35题详解】句意：事实上，开设自己的动物收容所是他的梦想。job工作；habit习惯；dream梦想。根据“toopenhisownanimalshelter.”可知开设自己的动物收容所是他的梦想。故选C。第三部分阅读理解（共两节；满分40分）第一节阅读下列短文或图表，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AElleGianelli,ateenagerfromCalifornia,USA,hasaspecialconnectionwithhergrandmother.Thathasinspiredhertoputsmilesonthefacesofotheroldpeople.Shebringsjoyandwarmthtothemthroughhersocksproject.Severalyearsago,Ellewenttoalocalnursinghomewithhereighth-gradeclass.Shereallyenjoyedhertimethereandfeltconnectedtotheoldpeoplethere.Sheandhermomstartedtalkingabouthowtheymightbringalittlejoytotheoldpeople’slives.SinceEllewascrazyaboutsocks,theycameupwiththeideatostartSocks4Seniors.Theideaissimple.Ellewantstoprovideapairofcolorfulsocksforeachoftheoldpeopleinthenursinghome.Shehopestoletthemknowthey’renotaloneandsomeoneisthinkingaboutthem.NowElledelivers(递送)sockstosomenursinghomeseverymonth.Duringthesummerbreakandotherschoolbreaks,shecandelivermore.Ellealsoinvitesherfamily,friendsandvolleyballteammatestojoinherindeliveringsocks.“Weareluckytohavefamilyandfriendsinourlives,”saidElle,“butmanyoftheoldpeopledon’thavevisitors,familyorpeoplethatloveandcareaboutthem.Asimpleactioncanreallychangesomeone’slifeorcertainlybrightenuptheirday.”Sincethebeginning,Ellehasprovidedmorethan4,000pairsofsocksfortheoldpeople.HergoalistokeepthingsgoingandprovidesocksforoldpeopleinallthestatesoftheUSA.36.WhathasinspiredElletobringjoyandwarmthtotheoldpeople?A.Herinterestinvolunteerwork.B.Hercrazinessaboutdifferentkindsofsocks.C.Herspecialconnectionwithhergrandmother.D.Herworkingexperienceatalocalhospital.37.WhydoesEllestartSocks4Seniorsaccordingtothesecondparagraph?A.Becausetheoldpeopleneednewsocks.B.Becausethat’sherjobtomaketheoldpeoplehappy.C.Inordertomakemoneythroughhersocksproject.D.Totelltheoldpeoplethatthey’renotaloneandsomeoneisthinkingaboutthem.38.WhohelpsElledeliversocks?①Herfamily②Herfriends③Herteachers④HervolleyballteammatesA.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④39.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Agirlbringswarmthtotheelderly. B.Agirlwhoiscrazyaboutsocks.C.Agirlchangedmanyyoungpeople’slives. D.Agirlwholoveshergrandmotherverymuch.【答案】36.C37.D38.B39.A【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了来自美国加利福尼亚州的少女ElleGianelli通过袜子项目给老人带来了快乐和温暖。36题详解】细节理解题。根据“ElleGianelli,ateenagerfromCalifornia,USA,hasaspecialconnectionwithhergrandmother.Thathasinspiredhertoputsmilesonthefacesofotheroldpeople.”可知她与她的祖母有着特殊的联系，这激发了她让其他老人脸上绽放笑容。故选C。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据“Ellewantstoprovideapairofcolorfulsocksforeachoftheoldpeopleinthenursinghome.Shehopestoletthemknowthey’renotaloneandsomeoneisthinkingaboutthem.”可知Elle想为养老院的每个老人提供一双五颜六色的袜子，她希望让他们知道他们并不孤单，有人在想他们。故选D。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据“Ellealsoinvitesherfamily,friendsandvolleyballteammatestojoinherindeliveringsocks.”可知Elle还邀请她的家人、朋友和排球队友和她一起送袜子。故选B。【39题详解】最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了来自美国加利福尼亚州的少女ElleGianelli通过袜子项目给老人带来了快乐和温暖，以选项A“一个女孩给老人带来温暖”为标题最合适。故选A。BThreewaystogetinvolvedwithEarthDayEarthDayisonApril22ndeveryyear.Itaimstoraiseawareness(意识)abouthowtolookaftertheworldandencouragespeopletomakesmallchangestohelpprotecttheenvironment.HerearethreewaystogetinvolvedwithEarthDay.GoonasoundhuntGetclosetonaturebygoingoutonasoundhunt(寻找).Headoutsideandlistentothenoisesallaroundyou.Youmighthearthebirdssinging,windinthetreesortherainpattering(发出嗒嗒声)ontheground.Makearecordofwhatyoucanhear,whereyouhearditandwhen.MakeanEarthDayposterCelebrateEarthDaybycreatingapostertoshowatschoolorathome.Thethemeofthisyear’sEarthDayisPlanetvs.Plastics.Haveathinkabouthowyoumightvisualize(使……可见)thisonaposter.Perhapsyou’dliketodosomeresearch,includingsomefactsaboutplasticproduction.Haveaplastic-freedayWhynotgoplastic-freeforaday?Youcandothisbynotbuying,orusinganysingle-useplasticonEarthDay.Single-useplasticisplasticthatisonlyusedoncebeforebeingthrownaway.Manyfoodanddrinkitemsarepackaged(包装)insingle-useplastic.Althoughitmaybeachallenge,itispossibleandmighthelpyouformnewplanet-friendlyhabits.40.Amyisacreativegirlandsheisverygoodatdrawing.WhatdoessheprobablydotocelebrateEarthDay?A.Goonasoundhunt. B.MakeanEarthDayposter.C.Haveaplastic-freeday. D.Spendenjoyabletimewithherfamily.41.Togoplastic-freeforaday,you’dbetter________.A.goshoppingwithplasticbagsB.buysnacksthatarepackagedinsingle-useplasticC.notbuyoruseanysingle-useplasticD.throwawayalltheplasticbagsinyourhouse42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.EarthDayisonApril22ndeveryyear.B.Youcangetclosetonaturebygoingonasoundhunt.C.Thethemeofthisyear’sEarthDayisEarthforAll.D.ThreewaystogetinvolvedwithEarthDayarementioned.【答案】40.B41.C42.C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了参与地球日的三种方式。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据“MakeanEarthDayposter”以及“Haveathinkabouthowyoumightvisualize(使……可见)thisonaposter.”可知如果她擅长画画，可以制作地球日海报。故选B。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据“Whynotgoplastic-freeforaday?Youcandothisbynotbuying,orusinganysingle-useplasticonEarthDay”可知，可以通过在地球日不购买或使用任何一次性塑料。故选C。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据“Thethemeofthisyear’sEarthDayisPlanetvs.Plastics”可知今年地球日的主题是“地球与塑料”。C选项“今年地球日的主题是‘人人共享地球’”表述错误。故选C。CTheClassicalGardensofSuzhou,whicharealsocalledSuzhouGardens,areagroupofbeautifulgardensinthecityofSuzhouinJiangsuProvinceofChina.ThefirstclassicalgardenwascreatedduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriodinthe6thcenturyBC.Moregardenswerebuiltinthefollowingcenturiesandmostofthemwereprivategardensofscholars(学者)andofficialsofthattime.DuringtheMingandQingdynasties,theconstruction(建设)ofthegardenscametoitsprimetimebecauseoftheprosperity(繁荣)ofSuzhouinthatperiod.Itissaidthatthereweremorethan200gardensalloverthecityandSuzhouwasfamousasthe“paradiseonearth”andthe“CityofGardens”.Nowadays,19ofthe69well-protectedgardensareopentothepublicastouristattractions.Amongthem,somefamousgardensareregardedastypicalexamplesofSuzhouGardens,suchasHumbleAdministrator’sGarden,LingeringGarden,MasteroftheNetsGardenandsoon.SuzhouGardensinmanywaysexplaintheideasbehindclassicChinesegardendesign(设计).Theirownerswerenotjustinterestedinhavingapleasingarrangement(安排)ofplantsandflowers:theyusedhistory,philosophy,artandarchitecture(建筑学)intheirdesigns.Eachelement(要素)ofaclassicalChinesegarden—eachhill,pond,plantandrock—isfilledwithmeaning.Althougheveryelementwascarefullydesigned,theendgoalwasalwaystohaveagardenwhichlookedlikeitwascreatedbynature,withoutthehelpofhumanhands.SuzhouGardensrepresentthedevelopmentandmaturity(成熟)ofChinesegardendesignofmorethantwothousandyears.Theyarenational5AtouristattractionsinChinaandtwogroupsofthemwereaddedtoUNESCOWorldCulturalHeritageList(世界文化遗产名录)in1997and2000.43.WhenwasthefirstclassicalSuzhougardenbuilt?A.DuringtheMingDynasty. B.DuringtheQingDynasty.C.Inthe5thcenturyBC. D.DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.44.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytellus?A.ThehistoryofSuzhouGardens.B.TheideasbehindthedesignofSuzhouGardens.C.ThetypicalexamplesofSuzhouGardens.D.ThegreatachievementsofSuzhouGardens.45Whatdoestheunderlinedword“represent”meaninthelastparagraph?A.代表 B.报道 C.预言 D.讲述46.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Halfofthewell-protectedgardensareopentothepublic.B.EachelementofaclassicalChinesegardenhasitsmeaning.C.SuzhouGardenswerebuiltwithoutthehelpofhumanhands.D.Allthegardenswerebuiltforscholarsandofficialsinthepast.【答案】43.D44.B45.A46.B【解析】【导语】本文介绍了苏州古典园林的历史、设计理念及其在中国园林设计中的重要地位。文章还提到了一些著名的苏州园林及其作为旅游景点的现状。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据“ThefirstclassicalgardenwascreatedduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriodinthe6thcenturyBC.”可知，第一个苏州古典园林建于春秋时期。故选D。【44题详解】段落大意题。根据“SuzhouGardensinmanywaysexplaintheideasbehindclassicChinesegardendesign(设计).”可知，第三段主要讲述了苏州园林设计背后的理念，故选B。【45题详解】词义猜测题。根据“SuzhouGardens”和“thedevelopmentandmaturity(成熟)ofChinesegardendesignofmorethantwothousandyears.”可知，苏州园林代表了两千多年来中国园林设计的发展和成熟，所以represent意为“代表”。故选A。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据“Eachelement(要素)ofaclassicalChinesegarden—eachhill,pond,plantandrock—isfilledwithmeaning.”可知，中国古典园林的每一个元素都有它的意义。故选B。DWhenyoulookupatthenightsky,whatdoyousee?80%ofpeoplearoundtheworldseenothingbutskyglow(天光，人为白昼现象).Thisman-madebrighteningoftheskymasksthestars.Thenightskyhasplayedanimportantroleinhumanlifeforthousandsofyears.Ancientpeoplesnamedtheconstellations(星座).Aroundthesametime,Polynesiansailorsusedthesunandstarstosailontheseainthecorrectdirection.Later,theMayacivilization(文明)usedthepositionofthestarstopredictthechangingoftheseasons.Buttoday,fewpeopleareabletoseeskyfullofstars.Sowhathappened?Lightpollutionisthereason.Whenman-madelightentersintothenightsky,ithidesthestars.Thisexcess(过多的)lightcomesfromstreetlights,officebuildings,stores,flashingbillboards,etc.Ofcourse,peopleinmodernsocietiesneedtolightthenight.Nighttimedriving,walking,working,exercising,andmoreareallsaferwithman-madeoutdoorlighting.However,toomuchlightatnightcanbeharmful.Itmasksthestarsanddisturbsournaturalsleeppatterns,causinggreaterriskofcancerandheartdisease.Lightpollutioncanbegreatlyreduced(减少)withafewsimpleactions.Thefirstistostopwastinglight.Outdoorlightscanbecoveredsothatthelightshinesdowntothegroundonlywhereit’sneeded.Peoplecanbemorecarefulaboutusinglightsonlywhenandwheretheyarenecessary.Besides,peoplecanchooselightbulbs(灯泡)withthesmallesteffectiveamountofbrightness.Mostbrightwhitelights,includingLEDs,giveoffalargeamountofshorter-wavelength(波长较短的)bluelight,whichbrightenstheskymorethananyothercoloroflight.Choosinglightbulbswithlonger-wavelengthlightinyellowororangecanhelppreventharmfullightpollution.47.Bystudyingthenightskyfullofstars,ancientpeoplesdidalotexcept________.A.namingtheconstellations B.sailingontheseainthecorrectdirectionC.predictingthechangingoftheseasons D.lettingman-madelightenterintothenightsky48.Todaymostpeoplecan’tseethenightskyfullofstarsbecauseof________.A.theexcesslightcausedbyhumans B.thereductionofstarsC.thechangesinthepositionofstars D.theinfluenceofweather49.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?A.Howtosaveelectricityinourdailylives.B.Howtochooselightbulbscorrectly.C.Twowaysofreducinglightpollution.D.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofman-madelight.50.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Toomuchlightatnightcandoharmtopeople’shealth.B.Man-madelighthidesthestarswhenitentersintothenightsky.C.Inancienttimes,thenightskyplayedanimportantroleinhumanlife.D.Choosingshorter-wavelengthbluelightcanhelppreventharmfullightpollution.【答案】47.D48.A49.C50.D【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了光污染对夜空的影响，特别是如何减少光污染以便更好地看到星空。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据“Thenightskyhasplayedanimportantroleinhumanlifeforthousandsofyears.Ancientpeoplesnamedtheconstellations(星座).Aroundthesametime,Polynesiansailorsusedthesunandstarstosailontheseainthecorrectdirection.Later,theMayacivilization(文明)usedthepositionofthestarstopredictthechangingoftheseasons.”可知，古人命名了星座、利用太阳和星星的指引在海上航行、预测季节变化，但没有提到让人造光进入夜空。故选D。【48题详解】细节理解题。根据“ Buttoday,fewpeopleareabletoseeskyfullofstars.Sowhathappened?...Lightpollutionisthereason.Whenman-madelightentersintothenightsky,ithidesthestars.Thisexcess(过多的)lightcomesfromstreetlights,officebuildings,stores,flashingbillboards,etc.”可知，光污染是主要原因，而光污染是由人类活动产生的过多光线造成的。故选A。【49题详解】主旨大意题。根据“Lightpollutioncanbegreatlyreduced(减少)withafewsimpleactions.Thefirstistostopwastinglight...Besides,peoplecanchooselightbulbs(灯泡)withthesmallesteffectiveamountofbrightness.”可知，最后一段主要讲了减少光污染的两种方法：减少浪费光线和选择合适的灯泡。故选C。【50题详解】细节理解题。根据“Choosinglightbulbswithlonger-wavelengthlightinyellowororangecanhelppreventharmfullightpollution.”可知，文章建议选择长波长的黄光或橙光来减少光污染，D选项与文章内容不符。故选D。第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）Papermakingtechnology(造纸术)isoneofthefourgreatinventionsinancientChina.____51____ThousandsofyearsagointheMediterranean(地中海),itwascommonforpeopletowritemessagesonbrokenpiecesfromjars(坛，罐).____52____IntheEasternHanDynasty,anofficialnamedCaiLuncreatedasheetofpaperusingmulberry(桑树)andotherfibers(纤维)alongwithfishingnet,oldclothes,andotherwastes.Hesteamedandcookedalthesematerialswithwater,andchangedthemintopulp(纸浆),thenpouredthepulpoutcarefullyonafinescreenanddrieditintoakindofthinpaper.Thepaperwassuitableforwritingandwasalsoverycheap,soitbecameverypopular.____53____AftertheEasternHanDynasty,papermakingtechnologyhadbeengraduallyimproved.Andthenbambooandstrawcouldalsobeusedasthematerialsformakingpaper.____54____Forexample,theXuanpaperisusedforChinesecalligraphyandpainting.PapermakingtechnologywasintroducedtotheKoreanpeninsulaandJapaninthelateSuiandearlyTangdynasties,andlatertoArabiaandothercountries.____55____Italsoplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofglobalcivilization.A.Therefore,CaiLunplayedagreatpartinpapermakingtechnology.B.Beforeitwasinvented,peoplewroteondifferentkindsofthings.C.Becauseofdifferentmaterials,manykindsofpaperwereproducedfordifferentuses.D.Animalskinsandwoodwerealsocommonmaterialstowriteon.E.Theinventionofpaperprovidesamoreconvenientwayforcommunicationofinformation.【答案】51.B52.D53.A54.C55.E【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了造纸术的发展。【51题详解】根据“ThousandsofyearsagointheMediterranean(地中海),itwascommonforpeopletowritemessagesonbrokenpiecesfromjars”可知数千年前，在地中海，人们在罐子的碎片上写信息是很常见的，故此处介绍的是造纸术发明之前的事情，选项B“在它被发明之前，人们在各种各样的东西上写过东西”符合语境。故选B。【52题详解】根据“ThousandsofyearsagointheMediterranean(地中海),itwascommonforpeopletowritemessagesonbrokenpiecesfromjars”可知此处介绍以前人们在什么物品上写字，选项D“兽皮和木头也是常见的书写材料”符合语境。故选D。【53题详解】根据“Thepaperwassuitableforwritingandwasalsoverycheap,soitbecameverypopular.”可知这种纸适合写字，而且很便宜，所以很受欢迎，所以蔡伦发明造纸术是很重要的，选项A“因此，蔡伦在造纸技术中发挥了重要作用”符合语境。故选A。【54题详解】根据“Forexample,theXuanpaperisusedforChinesecalligraphyandpainting.”可知宣纸用于中国书法和绘画，所以材料不同，用处就不同，选项C“由于材料不同，生产了多种不同用途的纸张”符合语境。故选C。【55题详解】根据“Italsoplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofglobalcivilization.”可知此处介绍纸的发明的作用，选项E“纸张的发明为信息交流提供了一种更方便的方式”符合语境。故选E。第Ⅱ卷（共70分）第四部分书面表达（共三节）第一节词汇运用（共两题，满分30分）（一）单词拼写（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据句意和首字母或汉语提示，将单词的正确形式完整地写在答题卡相应的位置上。56.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I’dlikeaglassoftea.Iamalittlet________.【答案】(t)hirsty【解析】【详解】句意：——先生，我能为您做什么？——我想要一杯茶。我有点渴。根据“I’dlikeaglassoftea”可知有点渴，thirsty“口渴”。故填(t)hirsty。57.TheyoungmanisgoodattraditionalChinesemedicine.Heoftengiveshisfriendssomeusefula________aboutstayinghealthy.【答案】(a)dvice【解析】【详解】句意：这个年轻人擅长中医。他经常给朋友们一些关于保持健康的有用建议。根据“TheyoungmanisgoodattraditionalChinesemedicine.Heoftengiveshisfriendssomeuseful...aboutstayinghealthy.”可知他擅长中医，所以他经常给一些关于保持健康的建议，advice“建议”，不可数名词。故填(a)dvice。58.It’sraining________(猛烈地)now,sowehavetowaituntiltherainstops.【答案】heavily##hard【解析】【详解】句意：现在雨下得很大，所以我们不得不等到雨停了。此处修饰动词raining用副词heavily/hard“猛烈地”。故填heavily/hard。59.Myparentsarebusy________(准备)formygrandmother’sbirthdaypartynow.I’mgoingtohelpthem.【答案】preparing【解析】【详解】句意：我父母现在正忙着为我祖母的生日派对做准备。我要去帮助他们。prepare“准备”，动词。bebusydoingsth“忙于做某事”。故填preparing。60.Asteenagers,weshouldalwaysbe________(诚实的)andnevertelllies.【答案】honest【解析】【详解】句意：作为青少年，我们应该永远诚实，永远不要撒谎。作be动词的表语用形容词honest“诚实的”。故填honest。（二）综合填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。smell,need,include,blood,far,go,different,recent,that,landHaveyoueverbeenmadatthebuzzingsoundofamosquitoflyingclosetoyourear?Ifyouhave,thenyoucanbesure____61____itwasinfactafemalemosquito.Femalemosquitoesneedtofeedonthebloodofbirds,reptiles,peopleandothermammals.Theyneedsomethingfromthe____62____toproducetheireggs.Howdomosquitoesfindus?Whenhuntingfor