2025年高考英语总复习专项练习15 阅读理解＋应用文写作

练习15阅读理解+应用文写作

I.阅读理解

A

2024•新课标I卷，D说明文354词★★★☆☆

IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshave

collectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andother

digitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anew

Stanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.

“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofa

mobileapplication,“saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyinthe

StanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences."Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomes

fromphysicalspecimens（标本），andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspecies

arerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”

Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtested

howwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.

“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias（使有偏差）data,like

thegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,

saidDaru.

Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.

Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethe

peoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheir

encounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveor

eye-catchingfeatures.

Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?

“Quitealot,“Daruexplained.^Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersof

oversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces-andevenspecies-thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequality

ofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationof

theiruploadedimage.”

语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——科学研究——生物样本数据的可用性

【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了一个有关生物样本数据的研究。文章探究了生物样本数据的可用性，

指出了实证研究发现的问题并提出了提高数据质量的措施。

1.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?

A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.

B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.

C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.

D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.

答案与解析：B理解具体信息。根据第一段的"Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityare...videos,andother

digitalrecords.”可知，现在，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他的数字记录形式存在。故选

B项。选项中的''electronicform”是对原文中的“videos,andotherdigitalrecords”的同义转换。

2.WhatdoesDaru'sstudyfocuson?

A.Threatenedspecies.B.Physicalspecimens.

C.Observationaldata.D.Mobileapplications.

答案与解析：C理解具体信息。根据第二段的“andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldata...Are

theyusable?”可知，Daru及其团队使用观察数据来研究物种是如何对全球变化作出回应的，他想知道这些

观察数据是否可用。再根据第三段的内容可知，Daru及其团队使用一个全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大

程度上展示了实际的全球生物多样性模式。由此可知，Daru的研究关注观察数据。故选C项。A项“濒危

物种”；B项“实物标本”；C项“观察数据”；D项“手机应用程序”。

3.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?

A.Mistakesindataanalysis.

B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.

C.Improperwayofsampling.

D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.

答案与解析：C推断。根据第四段的"Wewereparticularlyinterested...insteadofthegrassrightnexttoit”

可知，研究人员对探索可能导致数据偏差的采样的方方面面特别感兴趣，比如公民科学家很有可能只拍开

花植物而不拍它旁边的青草。由此可知，采样方式的不当会导致数据偏差，故选C项。A项“数据分析中

的错误”；B项“上传的图片质量差”；D项“数据收集设备不可靠”。

4.WhatisDaru'ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?

A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas.

B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.

C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.

D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.

答案与解析：D理解具体信息。根据第七段的“Biodiversityappscanuse...tohaveanexpertconfirmthe

identificationoftheiruploadedimage”可知，生物多样性应用程序可以使用Daru他们的研究结果来让用户知

道哪些地区是采样过量的地区，并且引导他们去对采样不是很好的地方或者物种进行采样。为了改善观察

数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序也鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图片。结合第五段的“thepeoplewho

get...citizenscientists”可知，这里的用户指代的是公民科学家。故选D项。A项“检查特定区域的数据“；B

项“雇用专家去检查记录”；C项“确认用户身份”；D项“给公民科学家一些指导”。

B

2023•全国甲卷说明文285词★★☆☆☆

Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder*sSophie'sWorld.Itwasfullofideasthat

werenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoa

worldofphilosophy（哲学）.

ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.Nothingkillstheloveforphilosophyfasterthanpeople

whothinktheyunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou-andthentrytoexplainthem.

EricWeinefsTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophersreawakenedmylove

forphilosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,butaninvitationtothinkandexperiencephilosophy.

Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher'swork

inthecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonder

likeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethana

bookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.

Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhe

doessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersin

history,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding（解读）theirmessagesandaddinghisown

interpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypulls

themindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupa

coffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It*sworthyourtime,eveniftimeis

somethingwedon*thavealotof.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书77zeSocaesExpress

唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了〃招s&〃侬1s这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。

5.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfortheauthor?

A.Foucault.B.EricWeiner.

C.JosteinGaarder.D.Acollegeteacher.

答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第一段"Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJostein

Gaarder'sSophie'sWorld.Itwasfullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandout

ofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy（哲学）.（我13岁的时候,一个叔叔给了我

一本JosteinGaarder的《Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本

书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。）”可知，JosteinGaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选

Co

6.WhydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinParagraph4?

A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.

B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.

C.Topraisetheirwritingskills.

D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeinefsbook.

答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainride

betweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosophersworkinthecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.

TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,and

havenoregretslikeNietzsche.（Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一

位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底

一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。）”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了

Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由

此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。故选D。

7.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocratesExpress?

A.Itsviewsonhistoryarewell-presented.

B.Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.

C.Itincludescommentsfromreaders.

D.Itleavesanopenending.

答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第四段中<fThis,morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isa

bookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.（这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习

运用哲学来改善生活的书。）”可知，作者喜欢T/zeSooSesE空这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日

常生活中。故选Bo

8.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner'sbook?

A.Objectiveandplain.

B.Daringandambitious.

C.Seriousandhardtofollow.

D.Humorousandstraightforward.

答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中"Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercise

thatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.（他使哲学思想成为一种有吸弓|

力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。）”可知，Weiner的书很幽

默,根据最后一段中“TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicity

andgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.（TheSocratesExpress是一本有趣而

尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。）”可

知，Weiner的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiner的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。

II.应用文写作

[2024.新课标I卷]假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封

邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：

1.你完成的作品；

2.你的感想。

注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；

2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

DearChris,

I'mwritingtosharewithyouanartclassIhadinaparklastFriday.

Yours,

LiHua

写作思路:

到T邮件■—分享公园美术课经历]

—（时态]—[一般过去时为主]

写

作/H第三人称为主）

思

路直击主题，告知朋友自己上周五在