英国文学史第四节第一章

Chapter4PopularBallads1.Definition:

Alsonamedfolkballad:atypeofpoetrythatmakesthemostdirectappealtoallclassesofreadersandlisteners;essentiallyanarrativepoemwhichtellsastory.

createdandpreservedbythepeopleandwerewidelyspreadamongtheordinarypeopleofEnglandandScotland.

stirringanddramatic

todescribepeople’slifeinthatperiod12.Twocharacteristics:incrementalrepetition（递进重复）;balladstanza（诗节）3.Classifications:

historical;legendary;fantastical;lyrical;humorous.4.BalladsCollectors:

BishopThomasPercy(1729-1811):thefirsttotakealiteraryinterestinballadsduetohisdiscoveryofcopiedMiddleEnglishmanuscriptof17thcentury.

publishedthemanuscriptinhisReliquesofAncientEnglishPoetry(1765)2SirWalterScott(1771-1832):wenttoplaceswhereballadswerestillbeensingingandwritethemdownatthedictationoftheborderpeople.(numerousballadswereabouttheage-longstrugglebetweentheScotsandtheEnglishandtherearedifferentversions.)3Representatives:

WilliamLangland(ca1330-1400)

TheVisionConcerningPiersthePlowman

RobinHood:theherothatappearedfirstlyinliteratureinthisbook.Strong,brave,clever,tender-hearted,affectionate;hatredforthecrueloppressorsandloveforthepooranddowntrodden.4Summary

TheMiddleAgesTheAnglo-SaxonPeriod(449-1066)TheAnglo-NormanPeriod(1066-1350)PopularBallads(1200-1700)5PARTIIRENAISSANCE/THEELIZABETHANAGE6大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流可以互相讨论下，但要小声点7TheElizabethanAge:theTudorDynasty,1485—1625

thebeginningofmoderntimesofGreatBritain.

thecollapseoffeudalisminEngland.TheRenaissance:1485—1660startedinItaly,toproposetherebirthofclassicalGreekandLatinlearning,broughtprosperousartsandsciences;humanismwasthemostsignificantphilosophyinEngland.8HumanismAmoralandpoliticaltermthatproposestheworldlyexistenceofmanandhisall-rounddevelopment,hisworldlylifeandhappiness.Anthropocentric,seekstocivilize,dignifyandennobleman,andmakehimrealizehispotentialandgifts;regardsmanasbrilliantcreators.9AnexcerptfromHamletWhatapieceofworkisaman!Hownobleinreason!Howinfiniteinfaculties!Informandmovinghowexpressandadmirable!Inactionhowlikeanangel!Inapprehensionhowlikeagod!Thebeautyoftheworld!Theparagonofanimals(77)!10OtherSocialEventsAneweconomicworldreplacedthefeudalsociety.OverseacommerceGlobalcolonizationChristopherColumbusfoundthenewworldNavalpowerThefirstcoloniesontheAmericanmainland—Virginia,Massachusetts,etc.In1599,theEastIndiaCompanywasestablished.11AchievementsinthisPeriodAtimeofscientific,historical,religiousandartisticexploration;moreattentionwaspaidtoprobehumanpsyche.Dramaandsonnetsaretwomajorformsofliteratureinthisperiod.UniversityWits:agroupofeducatedplaywrightssuchasJohnLyly,ThomasLodge,ThomasKyd,ThomasNashe,RobertGreene,GeorgePeele,andChristopherMarlow.12LiteraryTermsRenaissance:rebirth,aculturalmovementthatspannedroughlythe14thtothe17thcenturyandoriginatedinItalyandthenspreadtootherpartsofEurope.Sonnet:apoemoffourteenlinesthatfollowsastrictrhymeschemeandspecificstructure.BlankVerse:unrhymediambicpentameter（素诗体）Iambicpentameter:五步抑扬格（e.g.Sonnet18abab,cdcd,efef,gg）13RepresentativesThomasMore(1477-1535)

:Utopia(1516)SirPhilipSidney(1554-1586):TheDefenseofPoetry(1580-1581);AstrophelandStella(1581-1582)EdmundSpenser(1552-1599):TheFaerieQueene(1596)ChristopherMarlowe(1564-1593):TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus(1604)WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616):FrancisBacon(1561-1626):14Chapter5WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)LandmarkinthehistoryofworldliteratureFounderofrealism,amastertoportraitrealistichumancharactersandrelations.April23,1564—April23,1616ArrivedinLondonin1586whendramawasofgreatpopularitythere.Playwright,actor,poet37plays(10histories,10tragediesand17comedies),2narrativepoems,154sonnets.15MostDistinguishedWorksHamletTheMerchantofVenice16InfluenceMostpopularandmostrespectedwriterinEnglishliterature.ThepopularsayingthatwehavecomefromShakespearethanfromanyothersourceexceptfromtheBible.Hisplaysarestillperformedtodayandhispoemsarestillreadasclassicalworksinworldliterature.17Chapter6

FrancisBacon(1561-1626)OfnoblebirthElectedtoParliamentattheageof23aftergradatingfromtheuniversityLordHighChancellor,theheadofthelegalsystemofEnglandFinancialcorruptionandwasconvicted,deprivedofhisofficeandbanishedfromLondon“thewisest,brightest,meanestofmankind”