高考英语 语法复习专题 重点知识归纳+考点聚焦+仿真演练定语从句

【备战】高考英语语法复习专题定语从句（重点知识归纳+考点聚焦+仿真演练，15页）一、that与which,who,whom的用法区别情况用法说明例句只用that的情况=1\*GB3①先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时=2\*GB3②先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时=3\*GB3③先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时=4\*GB3④先行词既指人又指物时=5\*GB3⑤先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时=6\*GB3⑥句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时=1\*GB3①Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.=2\*GB3②Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.=3\*GB3③ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.=4\*GB3④Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.=5\*GB3⑤HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.=6\*GB3⑥Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情况=1\*GB3①在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人=2\*GB3②在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。=3\*GB3③先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。=1\*GB3①Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.=2\*GB3②Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.=3\*GB3③Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.只用that，inwhich或不用关系词的情况theway做先行词时=1\*GB3①Mary,thereisonewaythatyoucouldstopotherstalkingaboutyouandcriticizingyou.=2\*GB3②Iwasstruckbythebeautyofthewayinwhichshestood.=3\*GB3③Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_______hesaidit.A.theway B.inthewaythatC.intheway D.thewaywhich二、as与which,that的用法区别从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.thesame...as和thesame...thatthesame...as指同类事物thesame...that指原物That’sthesametoolasIusedlastweek.（同类工具，不是同一把）That’sthesametoolthatIusedlastweek.那就是我上周用过的工具。（同一把工具）三、where、when与why引导的定语从句 关系副词用法例句where关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示(具体或抽象的)地点的名词。We’rejusttryingtoteachapoint___bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.whichwhen关系副词when引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。Therewas________time________Ihatedtogotoschool.A.a;thatB.a;whenC.the;thatD.the;whenwhy关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewasputintoprison?你知道她坐牢的原因吗？四、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句基本形式●介词+which/whom●介词短语+which。常见介词短语：asaresultof,bymeansof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等。Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,_________hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis【解析】答案为C。“他”是上完了一个localgrammarschool之后，又上的Cambridge，故选afterwhich，引导一个非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用。扩展形式不定代词＋介词＋关系代词Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,______wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom【解析】答案为D。根据题意，两者都不想买。定语从句部分还原：neitherofthemwantedtobuyit.the＋名词＋介词＋关系代词Themanpulledoutagoldwatch, weremadeofsmalldiamonds.A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich【解析】答案为D。“watch”是物，故定语从句的引导词不可用“whom”，可排除A、B两项。由句意可知，空格处可填入“whosehands”或“thehandsofwhich”表示所属关系。数词＋介词＋关系代词③Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_______aresoldabroad.

A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat【解析】答案为A。“80%ofwhich”指代的是“80%oftheshoes”。the＋形容词比较级（最高级）＋介词＋关系代词④Therearetwobuildings,________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich【解析】答案为D。thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings；B选项缺少一个连词。介词＋whose＋名词Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from________effectspeoplearestillsuffering.A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what【解析】答案为B。fromwhoseeffectspeople…=andpeoplearestillsufferingfromtheireffects。介词＋which＋名词⑥Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to,________hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime【解析】答案为A。先行词为一段时间，所以用“duringwhichtime”引导定语从句，表示“在此期间”。判断介词的方法方法一根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas，shehadrunbackinthedirection__________shehadcome.A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich【解析】答案为D。此题考查由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，根据句意用fromwhich表示“所来的那个方向”，fromthedirection。方法二根据先行词而定Therearetwobuildings,_______standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich【解析】答案为D。thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings，which在定语从句中指代building，作介词of的宾语。方法三根据所要表达的意思来确定所要用的介词Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to,__________hestudiedveryhardandwasmadechairmanoftheStudents’Union.A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime【解析】答案为A。由题意和所缺词前面的逗号可判定题干是含非限制性定语从句的复合句，先行词是表示一个时间段的短语from1999to；句意：从1999年到年马克是这所大学的学生，在这（4年）期间他学习很用功并被选为学生会主席，所缺词的意思为“在这期间”，故选A项。五、定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。现象例句在定语从句加中插入语，常见的有：Ithink,Isuppose,Iguess,Iimagine等。辨别的方法是：去掉插入语后，原句句法结构仍然完整。①—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?—Right,justtheone________youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what【解析】答案为C。work是不及物动词，先行词one在定语从句中只能作地点状语，youknow在句中作插入语。②Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis【解析】答案为A。这里Ithink是插入语，which引导非限制性定语从句。在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语Therearemanythousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikethesun.在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星。【解析】乍一看，that引导的定语从句在名词sky的后面，似乎应该是修饰sky的。但仔细一想，“不对啊，天空怎么能象太阳呢？”，原来that引导的定语从句被inthesky这个地点状语分隔开来，修饰中心词stars。在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?你还记得吗，十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链？【解析】whenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace.实际上是修饰afternoon而不是修饰years。Tenyearsago实际上是定语后置修饰afternoon。先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.（先行词为Anewmaster）解题时要遵循下列原则：1.判别是不是定语从句；2.如果从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语，就要用关系代词来引导从句；3.如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词来引导从句；4.判断先行词的确切含义，再确定选用关系词。①TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,________isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.this B.that C.what D.which【解析】答案为D。因为有逗号，所以不能选that，而选which，指代前面整个主句的内容。句意：Ted只穿着短裤和体恤衫就来度周末，这样的天气就穿这些简直做了件傻事。②Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,________itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.A.when B.which C.where D.while【解析】答案为C。由句型结构可以看出，该题中的先行词refrigerator在从句中作介词的宾语，该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语，故选择关系副词where。when在从句中作时间状语；which在从句中作主语或宾语；while是连词，不能用于定语从句。句意：剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存两三周。③Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,_______theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.A.when B.where C.thatD.which【解析】答案为A。先分析句子结构，判断从句类型，题干说“在音乐会中间有间歇，此时你可以买冰激凌。”题干的前半部分完整无缺，后半部分补充说明这个间歇你可以干的事，所以这是一个非限定性定语从句，先行词为interval，非限定性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明。由于从句部分不缺少主干成分，而且interval表时间，所以正确答案为A项。④Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_________arebuiltclosetoeachother.A.they B.where C.what D.that【解析】答案为D。句意：这个老城镇拥有狭窄的街道和建得彼此靠近的小房子。定语从句中缺少主语指物，因此用that。⑤Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_________arebuiltclosetoeachother.A.they B.where C.what D.that【解析】答案为D。句意：这个老城镇拥有狭窄的街道和建得彼此靠近的小房子。定语从句中缺少主语指物，因此用that。①TheBeatles,______manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.

A.what B.that C.how D.as【解析】答案为D。as代替先行词theBeatles同时又在从句中作remember的宾语，as的功能同which，但as有“正如”的意思。②_______Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.A.When B.After C.As D.Since【解析】答案为C。用“as”表示“正如我在电话里解释的那样”。③Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice_____peopleexpected.A.like B.as C.that D.which【解析】答案为B。as在定语从句中作expected的宾语。①Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction_______hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhich B.withwhich C.ofwhich D.towhich【解析】答案为C。先行词为museum，在从句中充当定语。介词用of。选C。句意：博物馆的建造工程花费了超过三年的时间。②Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhich B.bywhich C.towhich D.fromwhich【解析】答案为C。考查介词+which的用法。=Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywhich\thatwemayreturntointhenearfuture.③GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich【解析】答案为C。先行词是Guncontrol,指物,关系词在从句中做介词的宾语,介词前置,介词与从句动词构成搭配argueaboutsth,选C项。句意：枪支管理是美国人长期争论的一个话题。①Theschoolshop,________customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfewtheholidays.A.which B.whose C.when D.where【解析】答案为B。句意：学校商店的顾客主要是学生，……。空前有逗号，且从句中缺定语，所以用whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰theschoolshop，故答案为B项。②Theoldtemple_______roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.A.where B.which C.its D.whose【解析】答案为D。先行词是theoldtemple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D项。其余选项与题意不符。③Thenewlybuiltcafé,thewallsof_______arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.A.that B.itC.what D.which【解析】答案为D。=whosewalls…=ofwhichthewalls…表示“咖啡屋的墙”。①OccasionsarequiterareIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.A.who B.which C.why D.when【解析】答案为D。先行词是occasions所以引导词通常用when或where，但是此句话中很明显是说“我能跟孩子待上一整天的时候很少”，所以用when，为分隔式定语从句。②Thevillagehasdevelopedalotwelearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.A.when B.which C.that D.where【解析】答案为D。本句为分隔式定语从句。定语从句的先行词为thevillage，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。①Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_________hesaidit.A.theway B.inthewaythat C.intheway D.thewaywhich【解析】答案为A。theway作先行词，引导定语从句的关系词通常可以省略，还可用that，inwhich引导。②It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.that B.when C.which D.where【解析】答案为D。先行词是situation,指物,亦可指地点,关系词在从句中做地点状语,用关系副词where,选D项。把孩子放在他们能够另眼看自己的环境里是有益的。③Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders________consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.A.where B.when C.who D.which【解析】答案为A。先行词是前面的cases，空白处在从句中作状语，应用where引导指抽象的地点，意为“在这些案例中……”。整个句子可分解为：Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders.Inthesecasesconsumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.④Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareersheneededtodecidewhattodo.A.that B.what C.which D.where【解析】答案为D。整个句子可分解为：Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer;Atthepointsheneededtodecidewhattodo.本句中缺少一个状语，所以选用关系副词where来引导，相当于atwhich。ItwasApril29,PrinceWilliamandKateMiddletonwalkedintothepalacehalloftheweddingceremony.A.that B.when C.since D.before【解析】答案为B。去掉Itwas及that后，April29，不可以单独作时间状语，所以不是强调句型。用when引导定语从句修饰April29。句意：年4月29日，威廉王子与凯特·米德尔顿步入了婚姻的殿堂。1.TheGreatWallistheplace____almostalltouristswouldliketovisitwhentheycometoBeijing.A.why B.which C.when D.where【答案与解析】B先行词place在从句中作谓语动词visit的宾语，所以要用关系代词which。如果不注意分析句子\o"全品高考网"的结构，就会受思维定势的干扰而误选D。2.TheGreatWallistheplace____almostalltouristswouldliketovisitwhentheycometoBeijing.A.why B.which C.when D.where【答案与解析】B先行词place在从句中作谓语动词visit\o"全品高考网"的宾语，所以要用关系代词which。如果不注意分析句子的结构，就会受思维定势\o"全品高考网"的干扰而误选D。3.AmericanThanksgivingDay,______fallsonNov.24thisyear,takesonanentirelydifferentlookinChina.A.that B.when C.which D.what【答案与解析】Ｃ代替先行词ThanksgivingDay，在从句中作主语，引导一个定语从句，所以用which。4.Doyouknowthewastelandtheyusedtoplayhasbeentransformedintoathemepark?A.that B.which C.there D.where【答案与解析】Ｄ代替表示地点的先行词thewasteland，在从句中做地点状语，从句相当于theyusedtoplayon。5.Thecitywasattackedby____terribleweather____fewcitizenshadeverexperiencedbefore.A.so,as B.so,thatC.such,that D.such,as【答案与解析】D第一空，空后接\o"全品高考网"的是”形容词+不可数名词”，因此使用such；第二空，experienced后缺少宾语，所以用as引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语。注意在such…that…结构中，that引导结果状语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成分。6.Inourcitythereareseveralbigpublicparks_______manypeoplecangotoenjoythebeautifulscenery.A.inwhich B.atwhich C.fromwhich D.towhich【答案与解析】D句意：在我们的城市里有几个大\o"全品高考网"的公园，许多人去那里欣赏美景。先行词是severalbigpublicparks，短语gototheparks的介词to提前，故用介词+which\o"全品高考网"的用法。7.Therearespecieslivinginthedepthsoftheoceans______westillknowlittle.A.forwhich B.inwhich C.ofwhat D.ofwhich【答案与解析】D代替指物的先行词species，在介词of后作宾语，所以用冠词代词which，这里表达\o"全品高考网"的是我们对于这些物种一无所知，即knowlittleof，所以选D。8.Agoodadvertisementoftenuseswords_______peopleattachpositivemeanings.A.that B.which C.withwhich D.towhich【答案与解析】D根据attach的搭配确定介词用to，代词指物\o"全品高考网"的先行词words，作介词to的宾语用which。9.Thecompanionswith___________mybrotherassociatesarefriendlyandwarm-hearted.A.whom B.which C.that D.them【答案与解析】A句意：我弟弟交\o"全品高考网"的伙伴很友好还是热心肠。先行词是thecompanions，associatewith“与…交往”，介词with提到了前面，故用介词+whom的用法。10.\o"MorearticlesaboutStevenP.Jobs."StevenP.Jobs,deathwasannouncedonWednesday,ledaculturaltransformationinthewaymusic,moviesandmobilecommunicationswereexperiencedinthedigitalage.A.ofwhom B.which C.whose D.ofwhich【答案与解析】C在从定语从句中作定语修饰death，代替指人的先行词，所以用关系代词whose，相当于thedeathofwhom。11.Theprojectisbasedonanagreement,oneof________purposesistoensurethattheprojectcanbeaccomplishedbeforethedeadline.A.whose

B.which

C.its

D.what【答案与解析】A代替指物\o"全品高考网"的先行词，在从句中作定语修饰名词purposes，所以用关系代词whose。12.Tonyshowedmehisnewcellphone,_______wassmallbutitcouldchangecolorsindifferentweather.A.thescreenofwhom B.whomthescreenof C.whichthescreenof D.thescreenofwhich【答案与解析】D从四个选项的设置不难看出是考察介词加关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。再从先行词watch可看出是指物，可排除A和B选项。C项中关系代词应放在介词之后，如改为ofwhichthescreen或者whosescreen也是可以的。13.Theyhavestartedaninvestigation,________arebeingkeptsecret.A.thedetailsofwhich B.ofwhichthedetailsC.whosethedetails D.thedetailsofit【答案与解析】Athedetailsofwhich相当于whosedetails。句意为：他们开始了一项研究，细节被保密。14,Therewasatreeinfrontofthehouse,ownerwasseensittingunderit,enjoyingtheshade.A.where B.whose C.which D.that【答案与解析】Bwhose引导定语从句，代替指物的先行词thehouse，在从句中作定语，修饰owner，所以用关系代词whose，相当于theownerofwhich。15.TheCCTVprogram,PeopleWhoMovedChina,honorsthose____contributionsshouldberemembered.A.whose B.whichC.their D.who【答案与解析】A代词指物\o"全品高考网"的先行词PeopleWhoMovedChina（感动中国人物），作名词contributions的定语，应该用关系代词whose。16.Theprofessorbuiltaglasswall________becouldobservewhatwasgoingoninside.A.inwhich B.whereC.fromwhichD.throughwhich【答案与解析】D表示“透过玻璃墙”，应该用介词through，在介词后作宾语代替指物\o"全品高考网"的先行词aglasswall用关系代词which。句意为：教授建了一堵玻璃墙，透过这堵墙能够观察到里面的一切。17.ImadefriendswithTomduringhisstayinBeijing,_________hewasstudyingChineseinauniversitythere.A.which B.that C.when D.where【答案与解析】C分隔式定语从句。when引导一个非限制性定语从句，代替指时间\o"全品高考网"的先行词duringhisstay，在从句中国作时间状语，所以用when,相当于inwhich。句意为：在汤姆逗留北京期间我们交上了朋友，那个时候在北京的一所大学学习中文。18.AsurveywasconductedinShanghai_______intervieweeswereaskediftheywantedtobeafactoryworker.A.when B.whether C.that D.where【答案与解析】D分隔式定语从句。先行词为survey，关系词在从句中作状语，因此使用关系副词，先排除B和C；空处表示在调查中.因使用where，也可用inwhich。19.December17,wasasaddayfortheNorthKoreans,theirtopleaderKimJung-ilpassedawayunexpected