2024年中考英语总复习易错知识点 短文填空专项训练（含解析）

专题十九短文填空

学问清单

一、考点分析

短文填空要求考生依据所给短文内容考查考生对短文的理解和词汇的驾驭状况。主要测

试理解实力和词汇的运用实力。考查内容一般涉及以下方面：

1.对短文内容的推断

短文填空的题材多样，包括幽默故事、人物传记、科普小品、新闻报道、历史文化、人

生哲理等。有的贴近学生生活实际,能激发学生的学习热忱,启发他们的思维。有的介绍最新

的科研动态和科研成果等特点、用途等。有的讲解并描述人生哲理,给人以启迪。

2.对词性、单词适当形式和短文内容的推断

短文填空的考查形式主要以选词填空、首字母填空为主,兼顾中文提示和单词的适当形

式。单词的适当形式出名词的单复数形式，时态和语态和非谓语形式以及选择句子填空。难

度较大的是依据短文内容完成短文。答题时,可以适当参考阅读理解的解题步骤和技巧。

3.对其他方面的推断。

短文填空对其他方面的推断出现的频率较低,多数文章不设此类题目。主要是在解题时,

考生了解其要点或未尽事宜，以便推断文章内容或来源，以便推想前后可能出现的内容;这就

要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。

二、解题步骤

1.阅读原文、捕获信息、理解大意。先通读原文，捕获文中所供应的信息，抓住文章内

容概略,理解短文的大意和理清全文脉络。

2.审读题目、找出相关依据推断。读懂短文内容后再审读题目，把握每个待判定句子的

含义,通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的段落与词句，然后依据短文内容对试题所

给出的句子进行是非推断。

3.重读短文，逐题复检、核查无误。完成正误推断后必需将短文重读一遍，加深对短文

的理解,在此基础上再对每一道题进行复查,对有些似是而非的句子,肯定要重新细致识别。

尤其对于深层理解的句子,原文没有供应干脆或间接的答案,我们应细致斟酌,复读文章,敲

定最终答案。

提分策略

怎么做好短文填空是考生复习最关切的问题。短文填空尽管以不同的形式出现,但是解

题时却有许多相同之处。解题时须要留意以下几点：

1,通读全文，弄清短文大意。

越过空格,通读全文,通过驾驭的基本常识和逻辑思维了解文章的大意,理清文章的脉络,

同时还要留意某些与空格有关的关键信息，为填写空格打好基础。

2.复读短文，运用技巧，前后照应，确定答案。

驾驭了短文的大意之后,答题时就有把握了。然后再依据文中前后信息，确定正确的答

案。

①依据句子的语法结构推断所填词是什么词类。

②依据上下文推断所填写的单词用什么形式（动词涉刚好态、语态、非谓语动词等;形容

词和副词涉及比较级等;名词涉及单复数;数词分基数词和序数词等等）。

③留意同义词语、形容词与副词等之间的区分。

④还要留意某些特别的语法要求和结构。

3.复读检验，消退疏漏。

答案基本确定之后,我们还要再次阅读全文，细致检查是否存在疏漏，意义是否连贯,语

法是否有误,是否符合逻辑,是否存在拼法错误等。由于考试时间有限,许多同学答题时比较

快,往往做完后不进行细致检查,于是会出现不应当发生的错误,这样就把不该丢掉的分数丢

掉了，特别惋惜。

【例1】（2014•北京）

阅读短文，依据短文内容,从短文后的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中

有一项为多余选项。

Peterlosthisfriend'sbook,Hefeltverysad.Katebrokehermom'sfavorite

cup.]Shewassosorryforhermistake.

Weallmakemistakebecausewe'rehuman.Andit'snotalwayseasytogetonwell

witheveryoneallthetime.Sometimeswehurtpeople，sfeelingsalthoughwedon't

doitonpurpose.Sometimeswehurtpeople'sfeelingsonpurpose.2Sowe

apologize（致歉）.

Anapologytellssomeonethatwe'resorryforourmistakes.It，sawaytoshow

thatwe'11trytodobetterinfuture.

Apologiesareoneofthetoolstobuildgoodfriendshipsandrelationships.When

yousay"I'msorry”,youprobablyfeelbadbecausewhatyoudidorsaidhurtanother

person.3,you，realsosayingthatyourespecttheotherperson,andcareabout

hisorherfeelings.Apologizingshowsyouhaveempathy（同感）.

Afterapologizing,youmightfeelalittlebetter4.Whenyouapologizein

acaringway,youmightfeelgoodbecauseyouaretryingtomakethingsrightagain.

A.Thenshecried

B.Butwefeelbadlater

C.Whenyousay“Iamsorry,,

D.Andyouwanttoreturnhisbook

E.Theotherpersonwillprobablyfeelbetter,too

S］本文主要说明人都是会犯错的，但是我们要学会为错误致歉,致歉是一种

表明将来会做得更好的方式,也是维持友情的工具。

【答案】「4ABCE

【例2】（2014•江苏镇江-56~60）

BrazilisthebiggestcountryinSouthAmerica,wherethe2014WorldCupisbeing

heldnow.ThenameBrazilcomesfromatreenamedBrazilwood.Itsbeautiful

landscape,variousculturaleventsanddeliciousfoodmakeitagreattravelling

place.However,whatmakesitmorefamousisfootball.IthaswontheWorldCupfive

times.

ChristtheRedeemer一WorldWonder

AsoneoftheNewSevenWondersandaniconofBrazil,ChristtheRedeemerisafamous

statueofJesusChristinRiodeJaneiro.Itstands30metrestallanditsarms

stretchtoawidthof28metres.

Carnival一CulturalFestival

AsBraziTsbestknownfestival,Carnival（嘉年华）is46daysbeforetheEasterand

lastsabout5days.Nowadays,themostfamousCarnival，scelebrationisheldinRio

deJaneiro,wherethousandsofpeoplewearingmasksandcolourfulcostumesdance

sambatothesoundofdrumsandmusic.

Acaraje一LocalFood

Madefromblack-eyedpeasthatarerolledintoballsandthenfried,acarajeisa

popularstreetfoodandbeachsnackwithalonghistoryinBrazil.Itisusually

filledwithfruit,peanutsandegg.

阅读以上信息，用恰当的词完成下面的短文,每空一词。

BrazilisthebiggestcountryinSouthAmerica.Ithasoneoftheworld，sNew

SevenWonders,ChristtheRedeemer.Its]is30metresanditsarmsstretchto

awidthof28metres.Carnival,BraziTsbestknownfestival,is2bypeople

dancingsambawithmasksandcolourfulcostumes.Localfoodacarajeispopularamong

people.Itisinthe3ofaballanditsmainmaterialisblack-eyedpeas.As

weknow,muchmore4isalwaysbeingpaidtoitsfootballthantoits

landscape,culturaleventsandfood.NowBrazilis5the2014WorldCup.Many

footballfansmustbecrazyaboutwatchingthematchesthesedays.

【主旨大意】本篇文章是一篇应用文。文章通过表格的形式介绍了巴西的诸多状况：

它是2014年世界杯的举办国，巴西国家名字的由来及其在往届世界杯参赛中取得的成就；巴

西耶稣雕像——新世界七大奇迹之一；巴西的嘉年华狂欢节；巴西当地的特色小吃——

Acarajeo

【答案】

1.height解析：依据其次个表格句子”Itstands30metrestall"可知Christthe

Redeemer的高度为30米，留意此处要用名词height形式。

2.celebrated解析:依据第三个表格中的句子“Nowadays,themostfamousCarnival's

celebrationisheldinRiodeJaneiro,wherethousandsofpeoplewearingmasksand

colourfulcostumesdancesamba.”可知嘉年华狂欢节被那些跳桑巴舞的人们庆祝,依据

本句中的关键词bypeople可知句子应当用被动语态。

3.shape/form解析：依据第四个表格中的句子“Madefromblack-eyedpeasthatare

rolledintoballs”可知Acaraje被轧制成球形。所以可知Acaraje在外形或形式上是一

个球状物。

4.attention解析：依据第一个表格中的句子^However,whatmakesitmorefamousis

football.可知在巴西比起文化、食物等人们更加留意足球。payattentionto意为“留

意”，该句运用了它的被动语态形式。

5.holding/hosting解析：依据第一个表格中的句子"Brazilisthebiggestcountryin

SouthAmerica,wherethe2014WorldCupisbeingheldnow.”可知现在巴西正在举办

2014年世界杯。举办可以用hold或host来表示，同时句子要用现在进行时。

专项训练

Passage1（2014•湖北枣阳）

阅读下面的短文，依据短文内容及首字母提示,在短文空白处填入一个恰当的词,使短文

内容完整、通顺。

InAmericanschoolsthereissomethingcalledHomecomingDay.Manyhighschools

andcollegesw]afootballteamhaveahomecominggame.Thiscanbethemost

i2eventoftheyearexceptgraduationorcommencement（毕业典礼）day.Students

planhomecomingdayformanyweeksinadvance（预先）.

SeveraldaysbeforeHomecoming,studentsstarttodecorate（装饰）theschool.

Therearesongstowishlucktotheteam,andmanyothersignstowelcomeallthe

g3.ManypeoplestillcometoHomecomingtwentyorthirtyyearsaftert_4

graduation.

Themembersofschoolclubsbuildbooths（摊位）ands5lemonade,applesand

sandwiches.Someclubshelptow6visitors.

Duringthedaypeopleliketolookforteachersthattheyr7fromlongago.

Oftentheyseeoldfriendsandtheytalktogetheraboutthosehappyyearsinschool.

Everyonesooncomestowatchthefootballgame.Whenthegameishalfover,the

bandcomesontothefieldandplaysschoolsongs.A8importantmomentiswhen

theHomecomingQueenorKingappears.Allthestudentsvoteamostpopularstudent

HomecomingQueenorKing.Itisagreathonortobec9.

Homecomingisahappyday,butitwon'tbeperfectu10thefootballteam

winsthegame.Eveniftheteam111,thestudentsstillenjoyHomecoming.Some

stayattheschooltodance,andothersgotoaparty.

Foreveryoneitisadayworthremembering.

Passage2（2014,江苏泰州）

依据短文内容及首字母提示,补全空格内单词,使短文完整、通顺。

Everyonewantstobesuccessful.Asastudent,youalsowanttohavesuccessat

school,nomatterw]you'regoodatstudiesornot.Butit'sdifficulttolearn

allthelessonswellbecauseitrequiresgoodwaysandhabits.Ifyoutakeright

waysofstudying,youcanm2greatprogress.HereIwillofferyousomea

3.

Firstly,besuretomakeupyourmindtoworkh4anddowellineverything

youlearn.Itiswiseofyoutodoyourb5inyourstudies.

Secondly,it'snecessaryforyoutohaveagoodstudyhabit.Whiles6,make

suretopayattentiontoit.Afteryoufinishyourstudy,don'tforgettofindsome

timeforf7inordertohelpyourelaxaswell.

Thirdly,youshouldtrytolearneverysubjectwell.Ifyouarew8ina

subject,youneedtoencourageyourselftodowellinit.Youshouldoftenremind

yourselfwhyyouneedtostudy.

Finally,youhadbettert9notesinclassbecauseyoucannotremember

everything.Thesenoteswillbeh10foryoutorevieworrememberwhatyouhave

learnt.Ifyouforgetsomepoints,youcangooverthem.

Ifyoutakeallthesuggestions,youwillcertainlydevelopintoabetterstudent

instudies.

Passage3（2014•山东济南）

阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的动词,并用其适当形式填空。有的须要加助动词或不定式

符号（每词限用一次）。

kill,have,catch,workstay

Jenneyismyfriend.She]acat.Thecatisveryold.Soshecan'trun

quicklyandshecan，tbite,either.

Onedaytheoldcatsawamouse.Shejumpedand2themouse.Butshecould

notbiteit,sothemousejumpedoutofhermouthandranaway.

Jenneybecameveryangrybecausethemousecouldn，t3bythecat.Shebegan

tohitthecat."Don'thityouroldservant,“thecatsaid."DearJenney,I_4

hereforyouformanyyears.AlthoughIamtooold,I5Youshouldbefriendly

tome.

Pleaserememberwhatgoodworktheolddidwhentheywereyoung.

Passage4（2013•湖北黄冈）

依据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。（每空一词）

1.Therearetwo（刀）andthreeforksonthedesk.

2.What（其他的）doyoulike,Jack?

3.Inabasketballmatch,playersmove（朝向）oneendofthecourtwhile

throwingtheballtoeachother.

4.Thatcompany（供应）uswith3,000dollarsin2012.

5.InChina,weshouldn51（指向）atanyonewithourchopsticks.

6.Talkingloudlyinalibrary,amuseum,oramovietheateris（不礼貌的）.

Passage5（2013•河南）

阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。请将答

案写在相应题号的横线上。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。方框中有两个词是多余的。

angry,invite,however,with,please,from,visitor,celebrate,taste,soup,fine,he

OnedayavisitorcametoNasreddin'shouse."Iamyourcousin]Konya,“

hesaid."AndIhavebroughtyouaduckto2thevisit."Nasreddinwas3.

Heaskedhiswifetocooktheduck,andservedthevisitora4dinner.

Thenextdayanothervisitorarrived."Iamthefriendofthemanwhobrought

youtheduck,“hesaid.Nasreddininvitedhiminandgave5agoodmeal.The

nextdayanothervisitorarrived,andsaidhewasthefriendofthefriendofthe

manwhohadbroughttheduck.AgainNasreddininvitedhiminforameal.

6,hewasgettingabitangry.7seemedtobeusinghishouseasa

restaurant.

Thenanothervisitorcame,andsaidhewasthefriendofthefriendofthefriend

ofthemanwhohadbroughttheduck.Hewas8in.Nasreddin'swifebroughtsome

9_tothetableandthevisitortastedit."Whatkindofsoupisthis?It10

justlikewarmwater.""Ah!"saidNasreddin."Thatisthesoupofthesoupof

thesoupoftheduck.”

Passage6®

依据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。方框中有两个词为

多余项。

one,fill,quick,write,except,interest,yo,late,come,story,unless,young

JustlookathowmuchyoungwriterslikeHanHanandGuoJingmingareloved,we

mayknowwritinghasbecomeafashionamongtoday，steenagers.

GaoCan,a13-year-oldgirl,isthe]memberoftheAssociationofWriters

ofShanxi.Shewritesfairytales,short2,andmostofall,poems.Gaosaidshe

beganpoemwritingwhenshewasinprimaryschool.Oncetheteacheraskedtheclass

3_acompositioncalled“IfIwere...”Gaohadanidea,“Whynotmakeitapoem?”

Thatwasher4poem,anditwonalotofcomplimentsfrombothherteacherand

classmates.Sofar,hundredsofherpoems5out.

“Writingpoemsisnotdifficultatall.Justexpress6whatyoudo,what

youseeorwhatyouthink."SaidGao."Idon'thaveenoughlifeexperience,soI

writeaboutnature,aboutthingsIfeelinside.”

However,teenagersthesedaysseldomwritepoemorreadthembecauseexamswant

anykindofarticles7poems.

ButlikeGao,therearestillstudentswholikepoems.HuJingzhiisoneofthem.

The14-year-oIdboysaidhewas8inpoemwriting.Butitwasannoyingthathe

couldn，tfindpoemcollectionsinnearbybookshops.

GaoagreedwithHu.Shesaidtoday，sbookshops9withbookson“howtogive

asuccessfulspeech”,"howtoknowwhatothersthink"or"howtomakemoney

10”.

“Poemswon，tteachyouhowtomakemoney,butthebeautifulwordsclearyour

mindandactivateyourimagination."SaidGao."Atleastreadpoems一forthenice

thingsinlife.

Passage7

在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限一词,首字母已给出。

Atsometimeinyourlife,youmighthavearoommate.Itisagoodideatoshare

aflat,especiallyforstudentsorpeoplewhohavejustfinishedschool,becauseflats

areusuallyexpensive.Andm]isnottheonlyreasonforhavingaroommate.

Sharingaflatcanbefun.

Butlifewitharoommatecanalsobeat2experience.Someexperts（专家）

didastudyofcollegestudentswhosharedaroom.Theyfoundthatstudentswhohad

problemswiththeirroommateswerenothappyatschoolandweremorelikelytoget

sickthanotherstudents.So,howcanyou13witharoommateandenjoyit?Here

issomeadvice:

Beingroommateswithafriendcanbehard.Friendsmaybedifferentwhenyou

staywiththemallthetimefromwhenyoudon，tseethemveryo4.So,before

youplantosharearoomwithafriend,discussthesituationcarefully.

Ifyoudecidetosharearoomwithsomeoneyoudon，tknow,talktoeachother.

It'simportanttobeh5aboutyourhabitsandthingsyouhate.

Whenyoumoveinwitharoommate,makerules.Decidehowyouwillshareh

6_,suchascleaning,washingandshopping.Willyousharefood?IsitOKtohave

guests?Andwhataboutloudmusic?

Don51getangryatsmallthingsthatyourroommatedoes.Trytof7the

unhappythingsbetweenyouandyourroommate.Noone一includingyou一isperfect.

Passage8

MoYan,the]of2012NobelPrizeforLiterature,isextremelypopularnow.

Heis2asoneofthegreatestwritersinChina.

MoYanisfiftyseven,andhisrealnameisGuanMoye.ThenameofMoYan_3

“Don'tSpeak”.Thewritersaidhechosethename4remembertostophistongue

fromgettinghimselfintrouble.MoYanbegan5inthe1970s,andhis6novel

was“FallingRainonaSpringNight”,publishedin1981.Thenhissecondandmore

bookswerepublished,including“RedSorghum（红高粱）"and“BigBreastsandWide

Hips”.

CCTVreporterDongQianoncesaidtohim,“Ialwaysfeelthatawriteris_7

ahen,andhisworksarelikeeggs.Wemaynotalwayswonder8thehenlookslike

whileweeateggs.Butthistime,it'sagoldenegg.Sonaturally,everybodybecomes

curious（新奇的）aboutthishenwholaidagoldenegg.That'swhyyou'vedrawnso

9_attention.”

Chinaiscelebratingthesuccessofthisnativeson.Minutes10theaward

wasannounced,millionsofChineseexpressedpleasureandprideforMoYanintheir

ownways.