河南省周口恒大中学2024-2025学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题

2024-2025学年度（上）周口恒大中学高二开学考试英语试题考试时间：120分钟；满分：120分注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将正确答案填写在答题卡上第I卷（选择题）第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、CD四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABodylanguageisimportantforcommunicationineverylanguage.IfyoureallywanttobefluentandcommunicateeffectivelywithEnglishspeakers,youwillneedtounderstandwhattypesofbodylanguagetheyuse.WhatExactlyisBodyLanguage?Bodylanguageisthemovementoffacialfeaturesorbodyparts,whichintentionally(有意地)orunintentionallyexpressthoughtsandattitudes.Herearethreekeytypes:Facialexpressions:Asmile,aslightfrownorastraightfacearealldifferentexpressionsthataddanotherlayer(层)ofmeaningtowhatyouaresaying.EyecontactisanespeciallysignificantpartofbodylanguagethatyouneedtopayattentiontowhilespeakingEnglishorlisteningtosomeoneelse.Handgestures:Whenyoutalk,doyoumoveyourhandsaroundordoyoukeepthematyourside?Foldedarms,handsonhipsorhandsinpocketscancreatedifferentmessagesevenifyouaresayingthesamewords.Bodyposition:Thepositionofyourbodyalsomeansalot.Leaningforwardwhilesomebodyisspeakingorhowfaryoustandapartfromyouraudienceitallmatters.HowtoPracticeEnglishBodyLanguageWhilelearninghowtospeakEnglishtakesalotofwork,frommasteringgrammartoperfectingpronunciation,bodylanguagerequiresthesameattentionandinvestment(投入).Whatmakesitevenmorechallengingisthatbodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.Forexample,didyouknowthatinBulgaria,peoplenodtheirheadsupanddowntomean“no”?Therefore,youneedtolearnbodylanguagefromrealnativeEnglishspeakers.ButhowcanyoupracticeifyouarenotcurrentlylivingwithEnglishspeakersorinanEnglish-speakingregion?1．Whichofthefollowingisafacialexpression?A．Givingyourbrotherabearhug.B．Sayinghellotoyourfriend.C．Noddingtoyourbossinthemeeting.D．Raisingyoureyebrowsonseeingadog.2．Whatcausesmoredfficultiesinlearningbodylanguage?A．Theculturaldifferences.B．Thechanginggestures.C．Alackofcommunication.D．Alackofprofessionaltraining.3．Whatwillbewritteninthefollowingparagraphs?A．Thehistoryofbodylanguage.B．Theadvantagesofbodylanguage.C．Thewaysofpracticingbodylanguage.D．Theproblemsoflearningbodylanguage.BAreyoushy?Ifyouare,youarenotalone.Infact,closeto50percentofpeopleareshy.Almost80percentofpeoplefeelshyatsomepointintheirlives.Thesedays,shynessisbecomingmoreandmorecommon.Now,scientistsaretryingtounderstandshyness.Theyhavesomeinterestingideasaboutwhypeopleareshy.Isitpossibletobebornshy?Manyscientistssayyes.Theysay15to20percentofbabiesbehaveshyly.Thesebabiesarealittlequieterandmorewatchfulthanotherbabies.Interestingly,theseshybabiesusuallyhaveshyparents.Asaresult,scientiststhinkthatsomeshynessisgenetic.Familysizemightcausepeopletobeshyaswell.ScientistsatHarvardUniversitystudiedshychildren.Theyfoundthat66percentofthemhadolderbrothersandsisters.Asaresult,theybecameshy.Atthesametime,childrenwithnobrothersandsistersmaybeshyaswell.Growingupalone,theyoftenplaybythemselves.Theyarenotabletolearnthesamesocialskillsaschildrenfrombigfamilies.Youmayalsobeshybecauseofwhereyouwereborn.Whenscientistsstudiedshynessindifferentcountries,theyfoundsurprisingdifferences.InJapan,mostpeoplesaidtheywereshy.ButinIsrael,onlyoneofthreepeoplesaidso.Whatexplainsthedifference?OnescientistsaystheJapaneseandIsraelishavedifferentopinionsoffailure.InJapan,whenpeopledonotsucceed,theyfeelbadaboutthemselves.Theyblamethemselvesfortheirfailure.InIsrael,theoppositeistrue.Israelisoftenblamefailureonoutsidereasons,suchasfamily,teachers,friends,orbadluck.InIsrael,freedomofopinionandrisktakingarestronglysupported.ThismaybewhyIsraelisworrylessaboutfailureandarelessshy.Forshypeople,itcanbedifficulttomakefriends,speakinclass,andevengetagoodjob.Butscientistssayyoucangetoveryourshyness.Theysuggesttryingnewthingsandpracticingconversation.Anddon’tforget—ifyouareshy,youarenottheonlyone.4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Happiness. B．Shyness. C．Kindness. D．Loneliness.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“genetic”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Passeddownfromparents.B．LearnedfromfriendsC．Taughtbyteachers.D．Madeupbybrothers.6．Whichoneisnotthereasonofshynessaccordingtothescientists’ideas?A．Genetics. B．Familysize. C．Failure. D．Birthplace.7．Whatcanyoudoifyouwanttogetoveryourshyness?A．Trytoknowwhyyouareshy.B．Talktoyourparentsandblamethem.C．Trytolearnsomesocialskills.D．Trynewthingsandpracticeconversation.CWhenshewasjust17yearsold,Lizcrashedintothebackofatruckthatwaswaitingtoturninaleft-turnlane(车道).Thecrashisalife-changingoneforher.Becauseofthecrash,she’sblindinoneeye,loseshersenseofsmell,losessomeofherhearing,losestheabilitytocreatetears,andshecannotfallasleepnaturally.“Initially,IthoughtIwouldnotbedefeatedbutclearlyIwascompletelywrong.Apartfromthemedicalproblems,thehardestpartaboutmylifeafterthecaraccidentwasthefactthatIwasalone,”Lizsaid.“Everyonewasawayatcollege,butIwasn’t.Icouldn’tdriveorgotocollege.Myfriendswhousedtohangaroundwithmewerethereformeatfirst,butafterawhiletheystoppedcomingby.”“IviewedherFacebookpage,andshesaidonthere:Cananybodypleasehangoutwithmetoday？Idon’thaveanyfriends,recalledLiz'smother,Betty.Intime,LizandhermotherteamedupwiththeUSDepartmentofTransportation’sNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationtomakeavideo.Theywantedtogetthepointacrossthattextinganddrivingcanhavelife-transformingconsequences.InthevideoLizappealedtodriversnottotextwhendriving.Sheadmittedshewascheckingandsendingmessagesviaherphonewhenshecrashedhercarintothebackofthetruck.“Don’ttextyourlovedoneswhenyouknowthey’redriving,”saidLiz’smother.“Itcanchangetheirlivesforever.”“Ifyougetatext,don’tlookatit,”Lizsaid.“It’snotworthit.”8．WhatmadeLizfeelmostpainfulafterthecaraccident?A．Guilt. B．Blindness.C．Loneliness. D．Discouragement.9．Whythecaraccidenthappened?A．Bettywasdrivingcarelessly.B．Lizwastextingwhiledriving.C．Thetruckinfrontstoppedsuddenly.D．Thetruckturnedleftwithoutwarning.10．Thevideowasmadeto__________.A．callonpeopletobekindtoaccidentvictimsB．exposethetruthofthecarcrashtothepublicC．warnpeopleagainstusingphoneswhiledrivingD．askpeopletobecarefulwhilecrossingtheroad11．WhichisclosesttotheunderlinedwordsinParagraph4inthemeaning？A．Chargedwith.B．Complainedof.C．Workedtogetherwith.D．Gotinvolvedin.DMostpenguinsdiedafterahugeiceberggroundedneartheirhabitatinAntarctica，forcingthemtomakealongwaytofindfood,scientistssayinanewlypublishedstudy.TheB09Biceberg,measuringabout100squarekilometers,groundedinCommonwealthBayinEastAntarcticainDecember2010,theresearchersfromAustraliaandNewZealandwroteinthe“AntarcticScience”journal.TheAdeliepenguinpopulationatthebay’sCapeDenisonwasmeasuredtobeabout160,000inFebruary2011butbyDecember2013ithaddecreasedtoabout10,000,theysaid.Theiceberg’sgroundingmeantthepenguinshadtowalkmorethan60kilometerstofindfood,preventingtheirbreedingattempts,saidtheresearchersfromtheUniversityofNewSouthWales’(UNSW)ClimateChangeResearchCentreandNewZealand’sWestPenguinTrust.“TheCapeDenisonpopulationcoulddisappearcompletelywithin20yearsunlessB09Brelocatesorthefasticewithinthebaybreaksout,”theywroteintheresearchpublishedin.Fasticeisseaicewhichformsandstaysalongthecoast.DuringtheirsurveyinDecember2013,theresearcherssaid“hundredsofabandonedeggswerenoted,andthefreeze-drieddeadbodiesofpreviousseason’slittlepenguinslayeverywhereontheground.”“It’sstrangelysilent,”UNSW’sChrisTurney,wholedthe2013exploration,toldthe“SydneyMorningHeraldFriday”.“TheonesthatwesawatCapeDenisonwereterriblylow-spirited,almostunawareofyourexistence.Theonesthataresurvivingareclearlystruggling.Theycanhardlysurvivethemselves,letalonegivebirthtothenextgeneration.Wesawlotsofdeadbirdsontheground.”Incontrast,penguinslivingontheeasternedgeofthebayjust8kilometersfromthefasticeedgewerefullofvigour,thescientistssaid.TheresearcherssaidthestudyhadimportantinfluenceonthewiderEastAntarcticifthecurrentsituationofincreasingseaicecontinued.SeaicearoundAntarcticaisincreasing,incontrasttotheArcticwhereglobalwarmingiscausingicetomeltandicebergstodecrease.ScientistsbelievethegrowthinAntarcticseaiceislikelytobedrivenbychangesinwindandlocalconditionsbeforelong.12．What’sthemainreasonwhytheAdeliepenguinpopulationdecreased?A．ManyAdeliepenguinsdiedfromthecoldweatherinAntanctic.B．Theydidn’thaveenoughtimetogivebirthtoandraisebabies.C．Theiceberg’sgroundingkilledanumberofAdeliepenguins.D．Adeliepenguinslosttheirhabitatssotheycouldn’tbreed.13．Whichstatementiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A．ThelifeofpenguinsinCapeDenisonwasveryhard.B．PenguinsinCapeDenisonwereafraidofhumans.C．TheseaiceinAntarcticaisdecreasingfasterthanbefore.D．HumanactivitiescausedmuchdamagetoCapeDenison.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vigour”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Trouble. B．Food. C．Energy. D．Joy.15．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Globalwarmingcausedpenguins’death.B．Icebergharmedpenguins’life.C．Penguinsneedmorehabitats.D．Antarcticextremeweathercausedpenguins’death.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Youmightseestudyingasaboringjob,butifyoumakethingsaroundyoumoreinteresting,you’lllovestudying.Usecolorfulstudymaterial.Keepyourselfbusywhileyouarestudyingbyusingbright,colorfulschoolsuppliestotakenotesandwritedownideas.Thesemayincludepensandpaper,notecards,stickersandPost-itnotes.16Itwillhelpyoukeepthingsbetter.Playbackgroundmusicwhileyoustudy.Rightmusicwillmakestudyingmoreenjoyableandstimulate(刺激)yourbrain.Tryplayingclassicalmusicwhileyoustudy.17Tooloudmusicmaybreakyourconcentration.Watcheducationalvideos.18Soimproveyourlearningbylookingforeducationalvideosonthesametopics.Thevideocanbeaneffectivelearningtoolbecauseithelpsstudentsunderstandbetter.19Drawingcanhelpyoulearn,anditmaypreventyoufromgettingboredwhileyoustudy.Insteadofreadingorrewritingyournotes,drawapicturetorepresenttheinformationinstead.Forexample,ifyouarestudyingbiology,drawpicturesofcellsandorganisms.Labelthemwiththeirproperparts.Writeasongaboutyournotestohelpyourememberthem.Thiscanbeafunactivitythatwillhelpyourememberinformationmoreeasily.Writethesongbeforepracticingafewtimesinyourhead.20Inthisway,youwillfindthesongfamiliarandlikesingingit.A．Drawpicturesofyoursubjectsandnotes.B．Ifyouneed,usethestyleofapopularsong.C．Cleanupyourdeskandkeepstudymaterialwell.D．Learningfromtextbooksandclassnotescanbeboring.E．Youwillbeabletoenjoystudyingifyouusematerialfully.F．Addingcolorstothestudyingprocesswillmakeitmorefun.G．Playmusicatmoderate(适度的)volumeandavoidsomethingloud.第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IamamedicalstudentfromZimbabwe,studyingatGannanMedicalUniversity.AsaforeignerlivinginChinasince2016,Ihavewitnessedfirsthandthecountry’srapideconomicgrowthandhavelearnedalotaboutreducing21.Suchaprogrammeshouldbe22bytheworld,especiallyinAfrica,wheremanycountriesarestillunderdeveloped.Governmentsneedtoworktogetherwith23people.Thedevelopmentofacountryisnotthegovernment’s24alone.Itscitizensalsoneedto25.AsaconcernedcitizenofZimbabwe,Iwanttocontributetomycountry,usingthewide26thatIhavegainedinChina.In2020,Idecidedtoplaymypartinboostingmycountry’s27bystartingmyownbusiness.TakingadvantageofthefactthatIliveinChinawherethepricesofmaterialsarerelativelylow,Idecidedtostartabrandofwomen’sshoes,whichare28inChinaandsoldbothinmycountryandhereinChina.IhavelearnedalotfromtheChineseshoefactory.ItismydesiretoopenashoefactoryinZimbabwe,wheremyChinesepartnerscometo29usandhelpbuildthefactory.Usingthe30accumulatedovertime,Ihavebeenabletogivebacktomycommunity.Ifoundeda31organization,PatienceofHopeFoundation,whichaimstopayschoolfeesforpoorchildrenin32partsofZimbabwe.Throughtheorganization,wehave33manychildrenandprovidedfoodforpoorfamilies.Iamso34toChina,whichIconsidermysecondhome,forgivingmethechancetolearnandcontribute35tomycountry.21．A．inequality B．violence C．conflict D．poverty22．A．designed B．funded C．offered D．adopted23．A．important B．homeless C．local D．young24．A．duty B．choice C．interest D．policy25．A．checkout B．calmdown C．pulltogether D．headoff26．A．reputation B．knowledge C．programme D．confidence27．A．education B．economy C．culture D．tourism28．A．produced B．advertised C．reserved D．painted29．A．examine B．instruct C．represent D．command30．A．data B．evidence C．profits D．thoughts31．A．political B．charitable C．commercial D．risky32．A．remote B．central C．original D．wealthy33．A．supported B．raised C．cured D．approached34．A．native B．essential C．grateful D．helpful35．A．wisely B．officially C．occasionally D．positively第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Asleaderofasquaredancingteamwithover200members,TanJianchangkeeps36busyschedule.WatchingTandance,37ishardtobelievethatsheis70.38(actual),mostofherteammembersareseniors,oneof39ismorethan80andusedtobesicklyandlayinbedmostofthetime.Butherhealth40(improve)alotsinceshejoinedthedancingteam.Besidesthedancingteam,morethan95percentofpeopleinLouditakepartinsports.Thegovernmenthasbeenplayinganimportantrole41thepopularityofsports,fromorganizing42(activity)toencouragepeopletotakeparttoinvesting(投资)heavilyinbuildingfitnessfacilitiestoprovideplacesforpeople43(exercise).Forexample,sincethecityinvested2millionyuantobuildalitnesstrailandarunningtrackaroundthehillofZhushanPark,manypeoplehavebeenvisitingtheparkafterdinnertorun,cycleandwalk.ThedevelopmentofamassfitnessmovementinLoudiisamicrocosm(缩影)oftheoverallpictureinChina,wherea44(grow)numberofpeoplenowconsiderphysicalexerciseakeypartoflifeandthehabitofexercisingtostay45(health)hastakenroot.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46．假设你是学生会主席李华，近视已成为青少年最为普遍的眼健康问题，针对此现象请你用英语写一封倡议书，内容包括：1.原因和目的；2.具体内容。注意：1.词数80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dearschoolmates,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Kim’sfamilymovedfrequentlyfromoneplacetoanotherduetohisfather’sprofession.Kimhadtostartanewschooleveryfewyears.Therefore,Kim’sschoollifewasterrible.Hedidn’thaveanybestfriends.Oneday,KimwenttohisclassmateRocky’shome.Assoonastheyenteredthehouse,Rocky’spetjumpedonRockyandstartedlickinghisface.Rockysaid,“Mydoggylovesmeverymuch.Animalscan’tspeak,buttheyhavefeelings,too.”HiswordsweresotouchythatKimthoughtaboutkeepingapet.Kimtalkedwithhismother.Shewasafraidofdogs.ShesaidthatifKimkeptadogathome,thenitwouldbeentirelyhisresponsibility.TherealtaskforKimwashisfather.Theywerepurevegetarian.Hisfatherknewthatanimalneedsmeatforgrowth,whichheneverboughtinthemarket.Therefore,hesaidaclearnotoKim’sdemand.Oneday,Kimsawapuppyinthepark,whowasinpainbecauseofaninjuredear.Thepuppywasweeping.Kimcouldn’tstophimselfandtookithome.Hetookgoodcareofitanddecidedtokeepitpermanentlyathome.Whenhisfathersawthedog,hescoldedKim,thelittlepupsittinginthecornerandlisteningtothem.SinceKimrequestedhimalot,finally,heagreedunwillingly.KimnamedthatcutepuppyDooner.HetrainedDoonerandtookcareofhisfood,water,andcleanliness.DoonerandKimbecamegoodfriends.EveryonelovedDoonerexceptKim’sfather.Everytimehisfathergothome,Doonerwouldhidesomewhereinthehouse.Thenthedaycamewhentheresultsoftheexaminationweredeclared.Kimfailedinonesubject,whichmadeKim’sfatherdisappointed.HescoldedKimandevenblamedDoonerforKim’sfailure.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Doonerhidhimselfinthecorner,listeningtoeverything.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________AlthoughDoonerhadleftthehouseforseveraldays,hedecidedtopickupKim’sfather’swalletonthegroundofthemarketandreturnedit.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。参考答案：题号12345678910答案DACBACDCBC题号11121314151617181920答案CBACBFGDAB题号21222324252627282930答案DDCACBBABC题号3132333435答案BAACD1．D2．A3．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。肢体语言对于每种语言的交流都很重要。如果你真的想流利地与说英语的人进行有效的交流，你需要了解他们使用哪种类型的肢体语言。本文主要对不同种类的肢体语言给出了定义。1．细节理解题。根据“Facialexpressions”部分中“Asmile,aslightfrownorastraightfacearealldifferentexpressionsthataddanotherlayer(层)ofmeaningtowhatyouaresaying.”（一个微笑，一个轻微的皱眉或者一张严肃的脸都是不同的表情，这些表情为你所说的话增加了另一层含义。）可知，包含面部动作都属于肢体动作面部表情，选项D“看到狗就扬起眉毛。”包含眼部的动作，属于面部表情，故选D。2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Whatmakesitevenmorechallengingisthatbodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.”（更具挑战性的是，不同文化的肢体语言各不相同。）可知，文化不同，同样的肢体语言表示的含义也不同，这一点增加了理解肢体语言的困难。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ButhowcanyoupracticeifyouarenotcurrentlylivingwithEnglishspeakersorinanEnglish-speakingregion?”（但是如果你现在不和说英语的人住在一起，或者住在一个说英语的地区，你怎么能练习呢？）提出了问题，所以接下来的内容可以介绍练习肢体语言的方法。故选C。4．B5．A6．C7．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述害羞是一种普遍的现象，并介绍了造成害羞的三个原因，最后对于克服害羞给出了一些建议。4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Now,scientistsaretryingtounderstandshyness.Theyhavesomeinterestingideasaboutwhypeopleareshy.(现在，科学家们正试图了解害羞。关于人们为什么害羞，他们有一些有趣的想法)”可知，本文主要是关于害羞。故选B项。5．词义猜测题。结合划线词上文“Interestingly,theseshybabiesusuallyhaveshyparents.(有趣的是，这些害羞的婴儿父母通常很害羞)”可推知，划线词所在句“Asaresult,scientiststhinkthatsomeshynessisgenetic.”与上文是因果关系，意为“因此，科学家认为有些害羞是遗传的”，故选A项。6．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Asaresult,scientiststhinkthatsomeshynessisgenetic.(因此，科学家认为有些害羞是遗传的)”、第三段首句“Familysizemightcausepeopletobeshyaswell.(家庭大小可能也会导致人们害羞)”及第四段首句“Youmayalsobeshybecauseofwhereyouwereborn.(你可能也会因为出生地而害羞)”可知，遗传、家庭大小和出生地都是害羞的原因，C项“失败”不是。故选C项。7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Butscientistssayyoucangetoveryourshyness.Theysuggesttryingnewthingsandpracticingconversation.(但是科学家说你可以克服害羞。他们建议尝试新事物和练习对话)”可知，如果想克服害羞，可以尝试新事物和练习对话。故选D项。8．C9．B10．C11．C【导语】本文属于记叙文。本文通过Liz的故事告诉我们，开车的时候不要发短信，以免发生事故，造成不可挽回的伤害。8．细节理解题。根据第二段中““Initially,IthoughtIwouldnotbedefeatedbutclearlyIwascompletelywrong.Apartfromthemedicalproblems,thehardestpartaboutmylifeafterthecaraccidentwasthefactthatIwasalone,”Lizsaid.(“起初，我以为我不会被打败，但显然我完全错了。除了身体上的问题，车祸后我生活中最难的部分就是独自一人，”Liz说。)”可知，车祸后Liz觉得最痛苦的事情是自己很孤单，故选C。9．细节理解题。根据第五段“Sheadmittedshewascheckingandsendingmessagesviaherphonewhenshecrashedhercarintothebackofthetruck.(她承认，当她开车撞到卡车后面时，她正在用手机查看和发送信息。)”可知，Liz开车时在查看和发短信，这导致了车祸，故选B。10．推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中“Intime,LizandhermotherteamedupwiththeUSDepartmentofTransportation’sNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationtomakeavideo.Theywantedtogetthepointacrossthattextinganddrivingcanhavelife-transformingconsequences.(Liz和她的母亲与美国交通部的国家公路交通安全管理局合作，制作了一段视频。他们想要传达的观点是，开车时发短信会改变生活。)”可知，制作视频的目的是告诫人们开车时不要使用手机，故选C。11．词义猜测题。由画线词所在句Intime,LizandhermotherteamedupwiththeUSDepartmentofTransportation'sNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministrationtomakeavideo.可知，Liz和她妈妈与美国交通部一起制作了一个视频，故可推知，teamupwith应是“与……合作”的意思。A.Chargedwith指控；B.Complainedof抱怨，投诉；C.Workedtogetherwith和与……一起工作；D.Gotinvolvedin.卷入，涉入。故选C。12．B13．A14．C15．B【分析】试题分析：本文主要是讲述了冰山如果坠落与企鹅的栖息地，这个地方企鹅的数量就会慢慢下降，因为企鹅已经不能再在这个坠落了冰山的地方觅食，更不要提繁衍后代。12．B推理判断题。根据第二段Theiceberg’sgroundingmeantthepenguinshadtowalkmorethan60kilometerstofindfood,preventingtheirbreedingattempts,可知企鹅得花更多的时间去觅食，因而没有时间去繁衍后代，故选B。13．A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段TheonesthatwesawatCapeDenisonwereterriblylow-spirited,almostunawareofyourexistence.Theonesthataresurvivingareclearlystruggling.Theycanhardlysurvivethemselves,letalonegivebirthtothenextgeneration.可知企鹅的生存很艰难，选A。14．C词义猜测题。根据Incontrast,是把两个不同地方的企鹅进行对比，后者生活好，因而企鹅们充满活力，energy，精力，活力，故选C。15．B主旨大意题。本文主要是讲述冰山给企鹅带来的负面作用，选B。【名师点睛】下面介绍一些词义猜测题的解题技巧。1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.从后面thatis(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。2.根据同位关系进行猜测阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：The“Chunnel”,atunnel(隧道)connectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.此句中atunnelconnectingEnglandandFrance是Chunnel的同位语。因此，The“Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,”Anacleriosaid,“andthey’reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthattheybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject.”文中interactive是由前缀inter-(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)而构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测根据上下句的连接词，如but,however,otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.从前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和abasketoffun肯定是近乎相反的意义。所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。考点：考查环保类短文阅读。16．F17．G18．D19．A20．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了让学习变得有趣的方法。16．根据上文中的“Keepyourselfbusywhileyouarestudyingbyusingbright,colorfulschoolsuppliestotakenotesandwritedownideas(在学习的时候，让自己忙碌起来，用色彩鲜艳的学习用品做笔记，写下想法)”可知，要使用颜色鲜明、色彩丰富的学习用品来记笔记，F项“给学习过程添加色彩会让它更有趣”承接上文，解释说明这么做的意义，且上文中的colorful和F项中的Addingcolors相呼应，故选F。17．根据空后的“Tooloudmusicmaybreakyourconcentration(太吵的音乐会影响你的注意力)”可知，空处内容应涉及播放音乐的音量。G项“播放音乐的音量要适中，避免一些吵闹的音乐”切题，G项中的somethingloud呼应空后的loudmusic。故选G。18．根据后文“Soimproveyourlearningbylookingforeducationalvideosonthesametopics.Thevideocanbeaneffectivelearningtoolbecauseithelpsstudentsunderstandbetter.(因此，通过寻找相同主题的教育视频来提高你的学习。视频可以成为一种有效的学习工具，因为它可以帮助学生更好地理解)”主要讲了利用视频学习的好处，结合选项可知，D项“从课本和课堂笔记中学习可能会很无聊”陈述了其他学习方式的弊端，与空后的“所以通过观看相同话题的教育类视频来提高学习”相承接，符合语境，故选D。19．根据本段内容“Drawingcanhelpyoulearn,anditmaypreventyoufromgettingboredwhileyoustudy.Insteadofreadingorrewritingyournotes,drawapicturetorepresenttheinformationinstead.Forexample,ifyouarestudyingbiology,drawpicturesofcellsandorganisms.Labelthemwiththeirproperparts.(画画可以帮助你学习，它可以防止你在学习时感到无聊。而不是阅读或重写你的笔记，画一幅图来表示信息。例如，如果你正在学习生物学，画细胞和有机体的图片。给它们标上相应的部件)”可知，空处是段落主旨句，结合本段主要讲画画有助于学习，并通过举例进行了说明。A项中的“Drawpictures”与下文中的“Drawing”“drawapicture”等相呼应，A选项“画出你的主题和笔记”符合语境，故选A。20．根据空后的“Inthisway,youwillfindthesongfamiliarandlikesingingit.(这样，你就会觉得这首歌很熟悉，并且喜欢唱)”可知，空处应涉及歌曲方面的内容，结合选项可知，B项“如果你需要，使用流行歌曲的风格”符合语境，故选B。21．D22．D23．C24．A25．C26．B27．B28．A29．B30．C31．B32．A33．A34．C35．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者是在中国的津巴布韦的留学生，他目睹了中国经济的快速发展，也学习到许多减少贫困的知识。他想利用在中国学到的知识为自己的国家做贡献，所以他决定开鞋厂，并创建了一个慈善组织来回报社会。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自2016年以来，作为一名生活在中国的外国人，我亲眼目睹了中国经济的快速增长，也学习到许多减少贫困的知识。A.inequality不平等；B.violence暴力；C.conflict冲突；D.poverty贫困。根据下文“Suchaprogrammeshouldbe____2___bytheworld,especiallyinAfrica,wheremanycountriesarestillunderdeveloped.”提到的有关非洲的情况可知，此处说的是减少贫困。故选D项。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：世界各国，特别是非洲，都应采用这样一项方案，因为非洲许多国家仍然不发达。A.designed设计；B.funded资助；C.offered提供；D.adopted采用。根据上文提到的中国经济的快速发展可知，作者认为世界各国，特别是非洲应该采取中国的发展方案。故选D项。23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：政府需要与当地人民共同努力。A.important重要的；B.homeless无家可归的；C.local当地的；D.young年轻的。根据下文“Thedevelopmentofacountryisnotthegovernment’s____4____alone.Itscitizensalsoneedto____5____.”可知，经济的发展需要政府和当地人民共同努力。故选C项。24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个国家的发展不仅仅是政府的责任。A.duty责任；B.choice选择；C.interest兴趣；D.policy政策。根据上一句“Governmentsneedtoworktogetherwith____3____people.”可知，一个国家的发展不仅仅是政府的责任，还需要当地人民的共同努力。故选A项。25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它的公民也需要团结起来。A.checkout结账离开；B.calmdown冷静下来；C.pulltogether齐心协力；D.headoff阻止。根据上文的句子“Governmentsneedtoworktogetherwith____3____people.Thedevelopmentofacountryisnotthegovernment’s____4____alone.”可知，一个国家的发展不仅仅是政府的责任，还需要市民们齐心协力。故选C项。26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个关心津巴布韦的公民，我想用我在中国获得的广泛知识为我的国家做出贡献。A.reputation声誉；B.knowledge知识；C.programme方案；D.confidence信心。根据上文的“AsaforeignerlivinginChinasi