Unit1 Developing ideasand Reflection 词汇精讲课堂

版本：新外研单元：必修Book1Unit1(Developingideas—Reflection)词汇课堂本单元词汇梳理1.award：词块win/get/gain/receiveanawardawardsbsth/awardsthtosb2.opportunity：词块take/seize/missanopportunity,anopportunitytodosth/for(doing)sth3.subscribe：词块subscribetoamagazine,subscribetotheview4.view：词源：-vid-看见→view被看见的

同根词：visit,vision,television

同族词：view—viewer—review—preview—interview

词块：comeintoview,aseaview,inone’sview,fromone’spointofview5.former：词块theformer…thelatter6.graduate：构词grad-(grade,步、级)

+-u-+-ate名词词尾→

在学业上完成某一步/某一级→毕业；

同根词grade,gradual词块：graduatefromseniorhighschool/university熟词生义：逐渐发展/升级为(Iquicklygraduatedfromtypicalchildren’sbookstooneswithfewerpicturesandlongerchapters.2020浙江)graduatev和n发音不同；派生词graduation7.fright：fright+-en（使）

词族fright—frighten—frightened—frighteningfrightened词块：befrightenedof;befrightenedtodeathfrightened同义词：scared,afraid8.sight：意为“景点”时常用复数；sightseeing

词块in/outof(one’s)sight,loseone’ssight,atfirstsight,atthesightof,catchsightof,comeintosight,losesightof,setone’ssightson9.figure：一词多义，基本义“形状”

词块figureout;tradefigures,aleadingfigure10.select：精准的汉语释义“精选”,carefullychoose

词块selectsb/sthforsth,selectsb/sthassth,selectsb/sthtodosth11.particular：词块inparticular;beparticularabout/over

派生词particularly12.specific：词块aspecificgoal,bespecificto13.referto：一词多义：谈到，提到；查阅，参考；指的是14.keepajournal/diary15.struggle：词块strugglewith/against,strugglefor/todosth;it’sastruggleforsbtodosth16.memorise：memory+-ise（使）17.forward：词块lookforwardto(doing)sthn前锋

v转发，转寄18.improve：词源em-(进入，使)

+prou(利润，收益)→使变成利润、增加收入，原义为“有收益的；有用的”。后拼写受prove影响俗化。引申词义为“改进；改善”。

派生词improvement；词块：improveon/upon19.rate：词块rate...as;birth/heartrate;ata…rate/speedof,atanyrate,first-rate/second-rate/third-rate20.perform：词族perform—performance—performer;performance词块：give/putonaperformance;good/poor/badperformance21.exchange：ex-(out)+change

词块：exchangeviews/ideas,exchangesthwithsb,exchangesthforsth;anexchangestudent,inexchangefor,anexchangerate,foreignexchange分词形容词struggle搭配义graduatesightrefertoexchange一词多义搭配义一词多义搭配义一词多义英语释义一词多义figure一词多义opportunity搭配义view熟词生义perform&performance一词多义improve搭配义重难点词精讲opportunity智者创造机会,而不是等待机会。——弗朗西斯·培根弗朗西斯·培根（FrancisBacon，1561一1626），英国文艺复兴时期散文家、哲学家。英国唯物主义哲学家，实验科学的创始人，是近代归纳法的创始人，又是给科学研究程序进行逻辑组织化的先驱。主要著作有《新工具》、《论科学的增进》以及《学术的伟大复兴》等。opportunityn[C]&[U]机会；时机(chance)：(a)rare/golden/perfectopportunitytake/seize/use/provide/missanopportunity(todosth)OrientationDayisafantasticopportunity

fornewstudentstogettoknowtheschoolandtheotherstudents.外研新必修①–1MayItakethisopportunitytothankyouforallyourhardwork.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglishspokenasmuchaswecan.2008江苏Mealtimesareanexcellentopportunityforconversation.There’llbeplentyofopportunityforrelaxing/torelaxoncetheworkisdone.

[U]视野；视线theabilitytoseesthortobeseenfromaparticularplace：Therewasusuallynobodyinviewexceptsomesheepinthegrassland.Thelakecameintoviewasweturnedthecorner.Sitdown—you’reblockingmyview.view

n词源：来自拉丁语videre,看，词源同visit,evident。同根词还有：visible,vision,video。

[C]风景；景色whatyoucanseefromaparticularplace：Whileclimbingthemountain,weenjoyedthewarmsunshineandabeautifulview.2008北京书面表达I’dlikearoomwithaseaview/acommandingview.侧重表示从某处可看到的“远景”，尤指从窗口、高处等看到的景色。

[C]观点；看法anopinionorideaaboutsth(opinion)：JillandIhavedifferentviewson/aboutthesubject.Inmyview,playingcomputergamesisawasteoftime.Can’tyouseethingsfrommypointofview?Yourviewoflifeisdifferentfrommine.inviewof鉴于；考虑到：Inviewoftheweather,theeventwillbeheldindoors.onview在展出；展览着：Thepaintingiscurrentlyonviewatthegallery.view语义网络视觉view肉眼看到的范围看到的景色对人或事物的看法

视野；视线

风景；景色

观点；看法基本义人到物由外到内由

[正式用语]

看；观看；观赏：Thesemountainsareasplendidsightwhenviewedfromthevalleyfloor.

看待(see)：Weviewfilmasatypeofcontemporaryart.

viewern[C]

(电视)

观众；观察者viewvt名词动化由词根view组成的词：re+view=review(v）复习pre+view=preview(v）预习inter+view=interview(v）采访；对……进行面试■v

vi

获得学位；毕业：Hegraduatedinphysics

from

CambridgeUniversity.Hewasbornin1942inOxfordandgraduatedfromOxfordUniversity.

vt

使……毕业；授予……学位：Thecollegegraduated500studentslastyear.

vi

逐渐升级为：Iquicklygraduatedfromtypicalchildren’sbooksto

oneswithfewerpicturesandlongerchapters.2020浙江词源：grad-(grade,步、级)+-u-+-ate名词词尾→在学业上完成某一步/某一级→毕业

graduategraduationn

[U]毕业：agraduationcertificate

Ayearaftergraduation,Iwasofferedapositionteachingawritingclass.

2011广东

[U]&[C]毕业典礼：attendthegraduation

■n[C]学位获得者；毕业生：agraduateschool

agraduateinmedicine/amedicinegraduateHe’sagraduateofHarvard.词汇拓展

sight词源sight来源于古英语动词see，sight是其名词形式，最初加名词前缀th，后变成t→sight，即theactofsee。

[U]

视力；视觉：havegood/poorsightWhenShawlosthissight,hiswifesuggestedheapplyforaguidedog.

[U]

看见；瞥见：Justthesightofthemonstermadehergoallweak.

[U]

视域；眼界；视线：Iglancedaroundmequickly.Therewasnooneinsight.Sheneverletsherdaughteroutofhersight.

[C]

看见的事物；景象；情景：ThepracticeofhangingflagsisacommonsightinmanypartsofthecountryonNationalday.Thesemountainsareasplendidsightwhenviewedfromthevalleyfloor.

[复数]名胜；景点=placesofinterestsOverseasvisitorsareimpressedbythebeautifulsightsofBeijing.所见之物基本义sight看见的能力看见的行为看见的范围看见的事物看见的名胜古迹视力；视觉看见；瞥见视域；眼界；视线景象；情景名胜；景点sight语义网络图atfirstsight一见(就)；乍一看：Atfirstsight,thereisnothingspecialaboutthewatch,butinfactitisamobilephone.atthesightof一看见：Somepeoplewillfaintatthesightofblood.‘catchsightof看见；发现：Suddenly,IcaughtsightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.comeintosight进入视线；映入眼帘：Astheplanecamedownthroughtheclouds,greenfieldsandwhitehousescameintosight.losesightof看不见；忽略；忘记：Ilostsightofhiminthecrowd.setone’ssightson以…为奋斗目标：TheplayersaidthathehadsethissightsonwinningthechampionshipinthecomingOlympics.sight的搭配figure的前世今生在《圣经》中，亚当和夏娃偷吃了禁果之后，有了羞耻感，于是夏娃就想找个树叶子来遮挡自己的身体。柳树叶子太小，梧桐叶子又太大，身边正好有无花果（fig）树，就摘了无花果的叶子作为贴身短衣。

因为fig是用来遮挡身体形状的，所以figure的含义引申为“形状”。

[常用复数]数字；位数；算术：thelatesttradefigures

haveaheadforfiguresHegotajob,earningclosetosixfigures.

(尤指女性的)体形/身材/身影：atallfigureinblackEverywomanwantsaslimfigurethesedays.figuren

人物；人士apersonwhoisimportantorfamous：apublic/aleading/anauthorityfigure

画像；塑像：abronzefigureofahorse

图表；图形：SeeFigure1.Atriangleisathree-sidedfigure.figurev

vi

是重要部分；是……的部分tobeanimportantpartofsth

：Myfeelingaboutthematterdidn’tseemtofigureatall.

vt

[非正式用语]认为；估计tothinkorguesssth

：Fromthewayhebehaved,I

figured(that)

hewasdrunk.

vt(AmE)计算：I’mjustfiguringmyexpenses.figureout弄清楚；弄明白；计算出：Icouldn’tfigureoutwhatIhaddonetoannoymyboss.

Haveyoufiguredouthowmuchthetripwillcost?

2012福建词源：有了羞耻感的亚当和夏娃“认为”遮挡身体很重要，所以figure又引申出“是重要部分、是……的部分”的意思。figure语义网络图形状figuren(基本义)“数字”的形状数字体型；身材；身影人物；人士画像；塑像位数算术图表图形“人或动物”的形状“几何图形”的形状是重要部分；是……的部分认为；估计计算

n

vselect玩游戏的时候，你曾为“挑选”角色苦恼过吗？挑选又如何表达呢？IwanttoreadanEnglishbook,butIcan’tchoosetherightone.Thecoachhasnotchosenmetoplayinthefootballteam.SummerActivitiesStudentsshouldreadthelistwiththeirparents,andselecttwoactivitiestheywouldliketodo.2018全国

Selectsomethingaroundyouthatyousharewiththeotherperson.

2015安徽读下面的句子，体会choose和select的区别：IneverydayEnglish,peopleusuallysaychooseratherthanselect.

selectvt

(经过认真思考而)挑选；精选

tochoosesb/sth,usuallycarefully,fromanumberofsimilarthings：Heselectedamobilephoneforpersonaluse.①selectsb/sthforsth:Hehadhopesofbeingselectedforthenationalteam.②selectsb/sthassth:MrClarkwasselectedastheBestTeacheroftheYear.③selectsb/sthtodosth:He’stheonlystudentintheclassthathasbeenselectedtotakepartintheModelUnitedNationsconference.

2014

湖北辨

select,choose,pick三者都有“选择”之意。select

指“精选”，是基于要求从同类的许多事物或人中仔细辨别后选出最合适的。select比choose更正式。choose

指挑选自己喜欢的人或物；决定或更喜欢做某事。choose泛指选择，可不带宾语。Youchoose—Ican’tdecide.你来选，我决定不了。pick指从一群人或一组事物中选出一个或一些，可泛指选择，口语用词。choosetodocan’tchoosebutdosthchoosefrompickoutpickone’swords词汇拓展

selectiveadj慎重选择的；精挑细选的

selectionn[U]&[C]可选之人或物；选集：makeaselectionSelectionsFromCharlesDickens《狄更斯选集》阅读理解中随处可见的refertoWhatdoestheunderlinedword“stumble”inparagraph2referto?

（2019全国卷I阅读B篇）Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?

（2018浙江

阅读B篇）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3refer

to?

(2017全国卷II阅读D篇)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2refer

to?

(2016全国卷II阅读C篇)

referto指的是词源：re-(back)+fer(carry)，即为“带回来”。Whenonethingreferstoanother,onemeaningcarriesbacktotheother—there’ssomekindofrelation.因此，referto的基本义是“使……联系”。32refer(...)to

谈到；提到(mention):Thescientistreferredtoglobalwarmingatleastthreetimesinhisspeech.

查阅；参考：WhilegivingtheEnglishspeech,oneisnotallowedtorefertothenotes.referv

指的是

todescribeorbeconnectedtosb/sth：Thewordbusinessalsoreferstoanorganizationthatprovidesgoodsandservices.

2013全国

把……提交给；把……委托给：Mycolleaguesaidthatasthesituationwasunusualhewouldrefer

themattertohiseditor.33使联系(torelate)referto在演讲、说话时联系到某人、某物为获取信息联系某物描述人或事物的联系和专业人士等联系查阅；参考指的是把……提交给；把……委托给谈到；提到referto语义网络图34struggle35■n[C]斗争；奋斗；难事：The

strugglefor

freedomwaslongandhard.

It

wasastruggleforher

tomakehimunderstand.struggle■vi

(与某人)搏斗；斗争；挣扎：astrugglingartist2020全国struggletoone’sfeet/struggleone’swayto①

strugglewith/against:Hehasbeenstrugglingwithillnessforyears.36②strugglefor/todosth:struggleforfreedom/independence/humanrights

Manyofthefamilieswerestrugglingtomakeendsmeet.2020山东改improvetheenvironmentHishealthisimproving.Wehadbetteraskourteachersorclassmatesforadviceonhowtoimproveourwriting.2009福建improveon/upon对……做出改进；做得比……更好：Lilyhasscored98inthemathstest,andIdon’tthinkanyonewillimproveonthat.词汇拓展improvementn[U]&[C]改良；改善；改进处improve词源：em-(进入、使)

+prou(利润、收益)→使变成利润、增加收入，词源义为“有收益的；有用的”。后拼写受prove影响俗化。引申词义“改进；改善”。vt&vi

改善；提高：perform&performance

“ABuddismgodnessGuanyinBodhisattva”istheChinesenationalculturalheritageofmankind.Itis______(perform)bydisabled_______(perform).The________(perform)movedthewholeChina.performedperformersperformance

vt

做；履行；执行todosth,especiallysthdifficultoruseful

(carryout)：performanexperiment/anoperation/a

miracleYoushouldperform

yourduties/promise.

vt&vi表演；演出：I’veneverseenaShakespeare’splayperformedsowonderfully.

vi

表现；运转：Hewasdisappointedbecausehehadnotperformedwellinthe1988SeoulOlympics.Themachineisperformingverypoorly.perform

v

学术词汇日常英语中更常用carryout做（基本义）做；履行；执行表演；演出做演出之类的事情（人）做事情（人）表现；运转perform语义网络人做事情/机器运作的结果由具象到抽象

[C]表演；演出：givealiveperformanceputonaperformanceofHamlet

[C]&[U]表现；业绩：academicperformanceMygoodperformanceinthejobinterviewleftmeoptimisticaboutmyfuture.

2014

安徽Hecriticizedtherecentpoorperformanceofthecompany.performance

n

performer

n[C]

表演者；执行者exchange的词源义是“actofreciprocalgivingandreceiving”。它是由前缀

ex-(out)和

change组成，可以理解为“拿……出去换成……”，其基本义是“交换”。在原始社会，人们“物物交换”，交换自己所需要的物资。但是有时候受到用于交换的物资种类的限制，不得不寻找一种能够为交换双方都能够接受的物品，这种物品就是最原始的货币。随着商品生产和交易量逐渐增大，商人们为了谈生意就必须商定一个固定的地点定期会见，就产生了“交易所”。expressexplain表达解释ex-意为“out向外”ex-+change=？exchange■n

[C]&[U]交换；交流：anexchangestudentWouldyoulikemyoldTVinexchangeforthiscamera?

[C](商品的)调换：Thestore’spolicyisnottoallowreturnsorexchanges.foreignexchange

[U](货币的)兑换：

[C]交易所：NewYorkStockExchange人与人或物与物之间的“交换”商品之间的“交换”货币之间的“交换”exchange语义网络图交换；交流(商品的)调换

(货币的)兑换交易所nv交换；交流更换；兑换交换基本义exchange“交换”的场所

交换；交流：exchangeviews/ideasBeforegraduation,studentsexchange

presents

with

eachother.■vt“交换”时与with搭配“更换”时与for搭配

更换；兑换(change)：I’dliketoexchange

thisdressforoneinalargersize.Youcanexchange

yourcurrencyfor

dollarsinthehotel.

拓展

这是特朗普和希拉里在2016年竞选美国总统时的情形。据说这是美国史上最没底线的总统大选辩论。Why?因为TrumpandClintonexchangedheavilyinpersonalattacks.exchange的意义由交换具体的人或物到交换抽象的东西如思想或信息的转变。如果双方心平气和地交换思想或信息，可称为“交流”。如果双方怒气冲冲地交换的内容是人身攻击(personalattacks)，严肃的说法是“争论”，通俗的说法是“互撕”。frightenedadj

受惊的；害怕的afraid;feelingfear：Frightenedchildrenwerecallingfortheirmothers.befrightenedof(doing)sth:Areyoufrightenedofthunder?

I’mfrightenedofwalkinghomealoneatmidnight.【分词形容词】frighteningadj

令人害怕的；吓人的makingyoufeelafraid

：afrighteningexperience/thought用括号内单词的适当形式填空，体会分词形容词。1.Thisstoryis_________(interest)andfunforthewholefamilytoenjoy.(2014全国)2.I’mreally________(interest)inthispositionandhopeIcanworkforyou.(2014辽宁)3.Theysayit’s_______(bore)tohearthesamesongsallthetime.4._______(bore)withlifeinthecity,hemovedtoavillage.5.Startinguniversitycanbeexciting,andcanalsobe_______(worry).5.Shewasvery_______(worry)abouthersickmother.interestedinterestingBoredboringworriedworrying分词形容词：很多动词的-ing分词和-ed分词已经成为独立词条的形容词，甚至有些分词形容词比其动词形式更为常用。例如：interested/interesting,excited/exciting,bored/boring,surprised/surprising,worried/worrying,tired/tiring,frightened/freighting将上面的分词形容词分类：

表示人的感受：

表示人/物给人带来的感受：interested,excited,bored,worried,tired,frightenedinteresting,exciting,boring,worrying,tiring,frightening随堂检测一、根据所给汉语及提示，用opportunity的词块完成下列句子。1.Gamesandsongsprovidethe_________________

(理想的机会)forclassroominteractionandlanguagedevelopment.2.There’llbeplentyof___________________________________________(放松的机会)oncetheworkisdone.3.Weshould_____________________

(抓住每次机会)towidenourexperience.二、根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。1.为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽量多听英语。(opportunity)______________________________________________________________2.我要借此机会对你们的辛勤工作表示感谢。(taketheopportunitytodosth)______________________________________________________________opportunity(an)opportunity/opportunitiesforrelaxing/torelaxperfectopportunityseizeeveryopportunityTolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglishspokenasmuchaswecan.Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankyouforallyourhardwork.一、写出下列句子中view的汉语释义。1.Igotaplacenexttothewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.(2014全国) __________2.Doyouagreewiththegrandfather’sviewonlife?(2015天津)__________3.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable.(2016全国) __________4.Onthesesites,astudentcanviewnumerousphotosandartpiecesfromdifferentmediums.(2011湖南) __________5.Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgewecannotgetfrombooks.(2016全国) __________视野；视线视作看；观看观点眼界view二、写出下列短语的英语形式。1.挡住某人的视线___________________2.映入眼帘__________________3.人生观___________________4.鉴于；考虑到___________________三、将下列句子译成英语。1.关于这个话题，我们有不同的观点。Wehave______________________thesubject.2.在我看来，人和人之间没有什么差别。_____________________________,thereisnodifferencebetweenonepersonandanother.blocksb’sviewcomeintoviewviewoflifeinviewofdifferentviewson/aboutFrommypointofview/Inmyviewgraduate在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.Iwaslucky:Ibecameapilotin1970,almosttenyearsbeforeIgraduated_________medicalschool.(2013全国)2.After_________(graduate),sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.(2020山东)3.Likemanynew_________(graduate),IleftuniversityfullofhopeforthefuturebutwithnorealideaofwhatIwantedtodo.(2014广东)fromgraduationgraduates翻译下列词块。1.丧失视力________________________

2.一见钟情/一见倾心

________________________

3.相看两生厌

________________________

4.出现在视线中________________________

5.一副惨兮兮的样子________________________6.壮观的景象________________________

sightlosesb’ssightloveatfirstsightcan’tstandthesightofsbcomeintosightasorry/pitifulsightanimpressive/asplendidsightfigure一、根据句意写出figure的汉语释义。__________1.AsformyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory,itmustbeWeiYuan,agreatthinkerinthelateQingDynasty.(2016北京书面表达)__________2.Thewayyoudesignyourhomemayhaveaneffectonyour

figure.(2015全国)__________3.It’simportantforthefigures

tobeupdatedregularly.(2011北京)人物身材数字

二、完成句子。1.___________________________(当一名公众人物)todayisalotmoredifficultthanitusedtobe.(2013北京)2.Inorderto___________________________(有一个好身材),mostwomentryeverythingtoloseweight.Beingapublicfigurehaveagoodfigure58用所给单词或词块的正确形式替换画线部分，使句意保持不变。1.Inhisspeech,hereferredto

arecenttriptoCanada. __________2.Whenyoumeetwithanewword,youcanreferto

adictionary. __________3.Theterm“multitasking”referred

to

acomputer’sabilitytocarryoutseveraltasksatonetime.

_________mentionedlookitupinmeantmean,lookitupin,mentionreferto一、在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1.Itwasarealstruggle___________(be)readyontime.2.Indiaattainedindependencein1947,after_________longstruggle.(2013全国)3.Manystudentswillstruggle_________(find)asenseofbelongingafterenteringcollege.(2016北京改)4.Likeitornot,ouradultliveswillbeconsumedbythestruggle_________money.(2011安徽阅读)5.Hishandstellthestoryofhislifeasafarmer,includingallhis_________(struggle).(2013天津完形)atobetofindstruggleforstruggles60二、翻译下列句子。1.In1862theAmericanslaveswontheirstruggleforfreedom.

________________________________________________2.Itwasahardstruggletogetmyworkdoneintime.

_________