山东省济南市英语中考2024年自测试卷及答案指导

2024年山东省济南市英语中考自测试卷及答案指导一、听力部分（本大题有20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1、Youwillhearaconversationbetweentwofriends,SarahandMike,discussingtheirweekendplans.WhatdoesSarahsuggesttheydoonSaturday?A.Gotothemovies.B.Visitamuseum.C.Haveapicnicinthepark.D.StayhomeandwatchTV.Answer:C.Haveapicnicinthepark.Explanation:Intheconversation,SarahmentionsthattheweatherforecastpredictssunnyskiesforSaturdayandsuggeststheyshouldtakeadvantageofitbyhavingapicnicinthepark.2、Listentoashortpassageaboutastudent’sdailyroutine.Accordingtothepassage,whattimedoesthestudentwakeuponweekdays?A.5:30AM.B.6:00AM.C.6:30AM.D.7:00AM.Answer:B.6:00AM.Explanation:Thepassagestatesthatthestudentsetstheiralarmfor6:00AMduringtheweekdaystoensuretheyhaveenoughtimetoprepareforschoolbeforeleavinghomeat7:30AM.3.Youwillhearaconversationbetweentwostudents,AliceandBob,discussingtheirplansfortheweekend.Listencarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestion:WhatactivitydoAliceandBobplantodoonSaturdayafternoon?A.GotothebeachB.WatchamovieC.VisitamuseumD.GohikingAnswer:B

Explanation:Intheconversation,Alicementionsthattheybothenjoywatchingmovies,andBobagrees.Theythendiscusswhichmovietheyshouldwatch,indicatingthattheyplantogotothecinemaonSaturdayafternoon.4.Listentoashortpassageabouttheimportanceofexercise.Afterlistening,choosethestatementthatbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage.Whatisthemainideaofthepassageaboutexercise?A.Exerciseisnotimportantforphysicalhealth.B.Exerciseisessentialformaintainingahealthylifestyle.C.Exerciseisonlybeneficialforthosewhoarealreadyfit.D.Exerciseisonlynecessaryforathletes.Answer:B

Explanation:Thepassagediscussesvarioushealthbenefitsofexercise,includingimprovedcardiovascularhealth,weightmanagement,andreducedriskofchronicdiseases.Itconcludesthatexerciseisanessentialpartofmaintainingahealthylifestyle.5.Listentothefollowingconversationandanswerthequestion.A:Hi,canyouhelpmefindthenearestbusstop,please?B:Sure,it’sjustacrossthestreet.Butyouneedtowaitforthenumber12bus.Question:Whichbusshouldthemantaketogettothenearestbusstop?Busnumber10Busnumber11Busnumber12Busnumber13Answer:C)Busnumber12Explanation:Intheconversation,themanasksforhelpinfindingthenearestbusstop,andthewomantellshimthatheneedstowaitforthenumber12bus.Therefore,thecorrectanswerisBusnumber12.6.Listentothefollowingdialogueandcompletethesentence.W:Excuseme,couldyoutellmehowtogettothelibraryfromhere?M:Sure,youneedtotakethebusandgetoffatthesecondstop.Then,youcanwalkstraightdownthestreetforabout5minutes.Question:Howfarshouldthewomanwalkfromthebusstoptoreachthelibrary?2minutes3minutes5minutes10minutesAnswer:C)5minutesExplanation:Inthedialogue,themantellsthewomanthatsheneedstowalkstraightdownthestreetforabout5minutesaftergettingoffthebustoreachthelibrary.Therefore,thecorrectansweris5minutes.7.Youwillhearaconversationbetweentwofriendsdiscussingabooktheyrecentlyread.Listenandanswerthequestion.Question:Whatbookdidthefriendsdiscuss?A.“ToKillaMockingbird”B.“1984”C.“PrideandPrejudice”D.“TheGreatGatsby”Answer:A.“ToKillaMockingbird”Explanation:Intheconversation,thefriendsmentionthatthebookdealswithracialinjustice,whichisacentralthemeof“ToKillaMockingbird.”8.Listentoashortpassageaboutafamousscientistandanswerthequestion.Question:Whatwasthescientist’smajordiscovery?A.ThetheoryofrelativityB.ThestructureofDNAC.ThediscoveryofpenicillinD.ThedevelopmentofthesteamengineAnswer:B.ThestructureofDNAExplanation:ThepassageexplicitlystatesthatthescientistisknownfortheirgroundbreakingworkonthestructureofDNA,whichwasasignificantcontributiontothefieldofgenetics.9.Youwillhearaconversationbetweentwofriendsdiscussingtheirplansfortheweekend.Listencarefullyandanswerthequestion.WhatarethefriendsplanningtodoonSaturdayafternoon?A.GoshoppingB.VisitamuseumC.GohikingAnswer:B

Explanation:TheconversationmentionsthattheyareplanningtovisitamuseumonSaturdayafternoon,whichindicatesthatoptionBiscorrect.10.Listentoashortannouncementaboutacommunityevent.Answerthefollowingquestion.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheevent?A.ToraisemoneyforcharityB.TopromotelocalbusinessesC.TocelebrateaculturalholidayAnswer:A

Explanation:Theannouncementexplicitlystatesthattheeventisacharityfundraisingevent,sooptionAisthecorrectanswer.11.Youwillhearaconversationbetweentwofriends,TomandLisa,discussingtheirweekendplans.Listencarefullyandanswerthequestion.Question:WhatdoesTomplantodoonSaturdayafternoon?GoshoppingwithLisaWatchamovieathomeGohikinginthemountainsVisitamuseumwithhisfriendsAnswer:B)WatchamovieathomeExplanation:Intheconversation,LisaasksTomifhewantstogoshoppingwithheronSaturday.Tomrespondsbysaying,“No,IthinkI’lljuststayhomeandwatchamovieinstead.”12.Youwillhearashortspeechgivenbyateacherabouttheimportanceofstudyingabroad.Listencarefullyandanswerthequestion.Question:Whatisthemainreasontheteachergivesforstudyingabroad?ToimprovelanguageskillsTogainnewculturalexperiencesTomeetpeoplefromdifferentcountriesToreceiveahigher-qualityeducationAnswer:B)TogainnewculturalexperiencesExplanation:Theteacheremphasizesthatstudyingabroadprovidesstudentswiththeopportunitytolearnaboutdifferentcultures,whichisanimportantaspectofpersonalgrowthanddevelopment.Theteacherdoesnotmentionimprovinglanguageskills,meetingpeoplefromdifferentcountries,orreceivingahigher-qualityeducationasthemainreasonsforstudyingabroad.13.Youwillhearaconversationbetweentwofriendsdiscussingtheirweekendplans.Listenandanswerthequestion.Question:WhatactivitydotheyplantodotogetheronSundayafternoon?A.Gotothemovies.B.Visitamuseum.C.Gohiking.Answer:B

Explanation:Theconversationmentionsthattheyhaveplannedavisittothelocalartmuseum,sothecorrectanswerisB.Visitamuseum.14.Youwillhearashortspeechgivenbyauniversityprofessorabouttheimportanceofsleep.Listenandanswerthequestion.Question:Accordingtotheprofessor,whatisthemostsignificanteffectoflackofsleeponstudents?A.Decreasedconcentration.B.Increasedstresslevels.C.Reducedphysicalhealth.Answer:A

Explanation:Theprofessorspecificallymentionsthatlackofsleepcanleadtodifficultiesinconcentration,whichisthemostimmediateeffectonstudents,makingA.Decreasedconcentrationthecorrectanswer.15.Youwillhearaconversationbetweentwofriends,AlexandSarah,discussingtheirweekendplans.Listencarefullyandanswerthequestion.Question:WhatdoesAlexplantodoonSaturdayafternoon?A.Visitamuseum.B.Goforahike.C.Watchamovieathome.Answer:C

Explanation:Intheconversation,SarahmentionsthatshehasamovienightplannedforSaturdayafternoon,andAlexagreestojoinher.Therefore,Alexplanstowatchamovieathome.16.Youwillhearashortlectureabouttheimportanceofexercise.Listencarefullyandanswerthequestion.Question:Whatisoneofthemainreasonswhyregularexerciseisbeneficialforourhealth?A.Itimprovesoursleepquality.B.Ithelpsusmaintainahealthyweight.C.Itboostsourimmunesystem.Answer:B

Explanation:Thelecturerdiscussesvarioushealthbenefitsofregularexercise,includingmaintainingahealthyweight,reducingtheriskofchronicdiseases,andimprovingcardiovascularhealth.Amongthesebenefits,maintainingahealthyweightisoneofthemainreasonsmentionedfortheimportanceofregularexercise.17.Youwillhearashortconversationbetweentwofriends.Listencarefullyandanswerthequestion.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestdoingnextweekend?

A:Theyshouldgohiking.

B:Theyshouldgoshopping.

C:Theyshouldgoswimming.

D:Theyshouldgobiking.Answer:C

Explanation:Intheconversation,thewomanmentions,“Iheardthere’sagreatswimmingspotnearby.Howaboutwegoswimmingnextweekend?”Thisindicatesthatshesuggestsgoingswimming.18.Youwillhearanewsreportaboutarecentdiscovery.Listencarefullyandanswerthequestion.Q:Whatisthemainpurposeofthenewdevice?

A:Toimproveinternetspeed.

B:Toprovidecleanenergy.

C:Tomonitorclimatechange.

D:Toenhancewaterpurification.Answer:C

Explanation:Thenewsreportstatesthatthenewdeviceisdesignedtomonitorclimatechangebycollectingdatafromvariouslocations.Itdoesnotmentionanythingaboutimprovinginternetspeed,providingcleanenergy,orenhancingwaterpurification,makingoptionCthecorrectanswer.19.Youwillhearaconversationbetweentwofriendsdiscussingtheirweekendplans.Listentotheconversationandanswerthequestion.Howdoesthewomanplantospendherweekend?Shewillgohikinginthemountains.Shewillvisithergrandparents.Shewillstayhomeandreadbooks.Answer:B)Shewillvisithergrandparents.Explanation:Thewomanmentionsthatshehasplanstovisithergrandparentsthisweekend,sothecorrectanswerisB.20.Listentoashortinterviewwithafamousauthor.Theauthorisaskedabouttheinspirationbehindhernewbook.Listenandanswerthequestion.Whatinspiredtheauthortowritehernewbook?Apersonalexperiencewithafriend.Adreamshehadonenight.Astoryshereadinanewspaper.Answer:C)Astoryshereadinanewspaper.Explanation:Theauthorexplicitlystatesthatshewasinspiredtowritehernewbookafterreadingaparticularstoryinanewspaper,makingCthecorrectanswer.二、阅读理解（30分）Title:GreenSchoolinChinaLeadstheWayinEnvironmentalEducationTheGreenSchool,locatedinthesmalltownofShenzhen,China,isabeaconofenvironmentaleducation.Theschool,whichopenedin2012,hasbeenattheforefrontofpromotingsustainablelivingandreducingitsenvironmentalimpact.HerearesomeoftheinitiativestakenbytheGreenSchooltoeducateitsstudentsaboutenvironmentalissues.1.Eco-friendlycampus:TheGreenSchoolisdesignedtobeenergy-efficientandsustainable.Thecampususessolarpanelsandwindturbinestogenerateelectricity,andrainwaterharvestingsystemstoprovidewaterforirrigation.Studentslearnaboutrenewableenergysourcesandtheimportanceofwaterconservationthroughpracticalexperiences.2.Compostingprogram:Theschoolhasimplementedacomprehensivecompostingprogramtoreducewaste.Studentsseparatetheirwasteintoorganicandnon-organicmaterials,andtheorganicwasteiscompostedon-site.Thisinitiativenotonlyreduceswastebutalsoteachesstudentsabouttheimportanceofrecyclingandwastereduction.3.Communityengagement:TheGreenSchoolactivelyengageswiththelocalcommunitytopromoteenvironmentalawareness.Studentsparticipateinvariouscommunityserviceprojects,suchasplantingtreesandcleaninguplocalrivers.Theseactivitieshelpstudentsunderstandtheinterconnectednessofenvironmentalissuesandtheimportanceofcollectiveaction.Questions:1.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheGreenSchoolinChina?A.ToprovideatraditionaleducationB.TofocusonenvironmentaleducationandsustainablelivingC.TopromotesportsandphysicalactivitiesD.Toofferspecializedcoursesintechnology2.WhichofthefollowinginitiativesisNOTmentionedinthearticle?A.UseofrenewableenergysourcesB.ImplementationofacompostingprogramC.ConductingresearchonclimatechangeD.Engagingwiththelocalcommunity3.Accordingtothearticle,whatcanstudentslearnfromtheirpracticalexperiencesattheGreenSchool?A.TheimportanceofteamworkandleadershipB.TheconsequencesofenvironmentaldegradationC.ThebenefitsoftechnologyindailylifeD.TheadvantagesoftraditionalteachingmethodsAnswers:1.B.Tofocusonenvironmentaleducationandsustainableliving2.C.Conductingresearchonclimatechange3.B.Theconsequencesofenvironmentaldegradation三、完型填空（15分）Section3:ClozeTestReadthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestwordorphraseforeachblankfromtheoptionsgiven.Writeyouranswersontheanswersheet.Theworldof[1]ischangingrapidly,andwithit,thewaywecommunicatehasalsoevolved.Theadventoftheinternetandsocialmediahas[2]thewaypeopleinteractandshareinformation.However,thisdigitalrevolutionhasalsobroughtaboutsomechallenges.Forinstance,the[3]ofinformationcansometimesbeoverwhelming,leadingtoinformationoverload.Anotherissueisthe[4]ofprivacy,aspersonaldataiseasilyaccessibletounauthorizedusers.Despitethesechallenges,thebenefitsofthedigitalageareundeniable.1.A)communication

B)technology

C)society

D)education2.A)changed

B)improved

C)destroyed

D)delayed3.A)abundance

B)scarcity

C)distribution

D)quality4.A)protection

B)maintenance

C)exposure

D)expansionAnswers:1.B)technology2.A)changed3.A)abundance4.C)exposure四、语法填空题（本大题有10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1、Ihaveneverseenamorebeautifulsunset___________(that).答案：than

解析：此题考查比较级。根据句意，此处表示“我没有见过比那更美的日落”，需要用比较级结构，因此使用“than”来引导比较对象。2、TheteacherencouragedustopracticeEnglish___________(wecould).答案：asmuchaspossible

解析：此题考查固定搭配。根据句意，老师鼓励我们尽可能多地练习英语，所以使用固定搭配“asmuchaspossible”表示“尽可能多”。3.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatthey________(be)quietintheclassroom.A.areB.isC.wereD.wasAnswer:B.isExplanation:Thesubject“students”isplural,sotheverbshouldbeinthepluralform.Thetenseisinthepasttense,butsincethesentenceistalkingaboutapresentruleorinstruction,thesimplepresenttenseisused.Therefore,“are”isthecorrectchoice.4.Ifyou________(listen)totheteacher,youwouldhaveunderstoodthelessonbetter.A.listenB.hadlistenedC.werelisteningD.hadbeenlisteningAnswer:A.listenExplanation:Thesentencedescribesahypotheticalsituation(ifitwere),andthemainclauseisinthesimplepasttense(“wouldhaveunderstood”).Theconditionalclauseshouldusethesimplepresenttensetoexpressageneraltruthorahabitualaction,so“listen”initsbaseformisthecorrectchoice.5、The___________(arrive)isthatwewillhavetodelaythemeetinguntilnextweek.答案：arrival解析：本题考查名词的用法。根据句意，此处应表示“到达”，因此使用名词形式”arrival”。6、She___________(be)ateacherfortenyearsbeforeshedecidedtochangehercareer.答案：hasbeen解析：本题考查现在完成时。根据句意，此处表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态，因此使用现在完成时”hasbeen”。7.ThemoviewassointerestingthatI________(spend)thewholeeveningwatchingit.答案：hadspent解析：此题考查动词的时态。根据句意，表示过去的过去，所以使用过去完成时态。句意为：这部电影如此有趣，以至于我整个晚上都在看它。8.IfI________(be)inyourposition,Iwouldmakeadifferentdecision.答案：were解析：此题考查虚拟语气的用法。if引导的条件状语从句，表示与现在事实相反的情况，所以使用过去式。句意为：如果我是你，我会做出不同的决定。9、______thebook,theoldmanfellasleep.A.ReadingB.ToreadC.ReadD.Havingread

Answer:A

Explanation:Thisquestionteststheuseofnon-finiteverbs(verbsthatdonotfunctionasthemainverbofasentence).Here,thesentencedescribesanaction(theoldmanfallingasleep)thatoccurredwhileanotheraction(readingthebook)wastakingplace.Thecorrectformtouseinthiscontextisthepresentparticiple,whichindicatesanactionhappeningsimultaneouslywiththemainverb.“Reading”isthepresentparticipleof“read,”anditcorrectlyfitsthesentencestructure.“Toread”istheinfinitive,whichexpressespurposeorintention,notsimultaneity.“Read”isthesimplepasttense,whichwouldindicatethatthereadingoccurredbeforethefallingasleep,whichisnotthecasehere.“Havingread”isthepresentperfectparticiple,whichwouldsuggestthatthereadingwascompletedbeforethefallingasleep,alsonotfittingthecontext.10、Thebook,______theauthorspenttenyearswriting,waspublishedlastweek.A.forwhichB.onwhichC.whichD.that

Answer:A

Explanation:Thisquestionteststheuseofrelativepronounsandprepositionsinanon-restrictiveclause.Thesentencedescribesabookthatwaspublishedlastweek,withadditionalinformationaboutthetimetheauthorspentwritingit.Thecorrectchoiceis“forwhich,”where“for”istheprepositionthatcorrectlypairswith“spent”inthephrase“spenttime(doingsomething).”Thisformsanon-restrictiveclausethatprovidesadditionalinformationaboutthebookwithoutdefiningitsessentialnature.“Onwhich”wouldnotbeappropriatebecause“on”doesnotcorrectlypairwith“spent”inthiscontext.“Which”alonewouldbeincorrectbecauseitlacksthenecessaryprepositiontoformagrammaticallycorrectclause.“That”isnotusedinnon-restrictiveclauses,soitisnotanoptionhere.五、简答题（本大题有5小题，每小题2分，共10分）1、Whatisthedifferencebetweenasimileandametaphor?Provideanexampleofeach.Answer:Asimileisafigureofspeechthatdirectlycomparestwodifferentthingsbyusingconnectingwordssuchas“like”or“as.”Forexample,saying“Sheswimslikeafish”meanssheswimsverywell,justasafishdoes.Ametaphor,ontheotherhand,makesacomparisonbystatingsomethingissomethingelse,effectivelysayingonethingisanotherwithoutusing“like”or“as.”Anexamplewouldbe“Timeisathief,”whichsuggeststhattime,likeathief,cantakeawaylife’smoments.Explanation:

Similesandmetaphorsarebothusedtomakecomparisons,buttheydosoindifferentways.Similesexplicitlyusecomparativewordstodrawparallels,whereasmetaphorsimplyadirectequivalencebetweenthetwocomparedelements,oftencreatingamorepoeticorabstractconnection.2、Explainwhatismeantbytheterm“passivevoice”andprovideanexampleofasentenceinpassivevoicealongwithitsactivevoicecounterpart.Answer:Passivevoiceisatypeofsentenceconstructionwherethesubjectofthesentenceisacteduponratherthanperformingtheaction.Anexampleofpassivevoiceis“ThebookwasreadbySarah.”Inthissentence,thefocusisonthebookbeingreadratherthanonSarahreadingit.Theactivevoicecounterpartofthesamesentencewouldbe“Sarahreadthebook,”whereSarahisthesubjectperformingtheactionofreading.Explanation:

InEnglishgrammar,thechoicebetweenactiveandpassivevoiceaffectstheemphasisofthesentence.Activevoicetypicallyfocusesonthedoeroftheaction,makingsentencesmoredirectandoftenclearer.Passivevoice,however,mightbeusedwhenthereceiveroftheactionismoreimportant,orwhenthedoeroftheactionisunknownorunimportanttothecontext.3、WhatarethemaindifferencesbetweenanounandaverbinEnglishgrammar?Answer:

ThemaindifferencesbetweenanounandaverbinEnglishgrammarareasfollows:1.PartofSpeech:Nounsarewordsthatnamepeople,places,things,orideas.Verbsarewordsthatexpressactions,occurrences,orstatesofbeing.2.Usage:Nounsaretypicallyusedasthesubjectorobjectofasentence,whileverbsareusedtodescribewhatthesubjectdoesorwhathappenstothesubject.3.Form:Nounscanbesingularorplural,andtheycanhavevariousforms(e.g.,possessive,plural).Verbscanhavedifferenttenses,voices,moods,andaspects.4.Conjugation:Verbsareconjugatedtoindicatethetense,aspect,mood,andvoiceoftheactiontheydescribe.Nounsdonotchangeforminthesameway.5.Example:Noun:“Thedog”(referringtoananimal);Verb:“runs”(describingtheactionofthedog).Explanation:

UnderstandingthedifferencesbetweennounsandverbsiscrucialforconstructinggrammaticallycorrectsentencesandforexpressingdifferentideaseffectivelyinEnglish.Nounsrefertoentities,whileverbsdescribeactionsorstatesassociatedwiththoseentities.Thevariationsinformandfunctionarewhatmakethemdistinctpartsofspeech.4、HowdoyouformthepasttenseofregularverbsinEnglish?Answer:

ThepasttenseofregularverbsinEnglishisformedbyadding“-ed”tothebaseformoftheverb.Answer:

ToformthepasttenseofregularverbsinEnglish:1.Add“-ed”:Simplyappend“-ed”totheendofthebaseformoftheverb.Forexample,“walk”becomes“walked,”“play”becomes“played,”and“read”becomes“read.”2.WatchforSilent“e”:Ifthebaseformoftheverbendswithasilent“e,”removethe“e”beforeadding“-ed.”Forinstance,“type”becomes“typed”and“save”becomes“saved.”3.IrregularVerbs:Notethatnotallverbsfollowthisrule.Someverbshaveirregularpasttenseforms,suchas“go”(went),“see”(saw),and“do”(did).Explanation:

FormingthepasttenseofregularverbsisstraightforwardformanyEnglishspeakers,butit’simportanttobeawareoftheexceptions.Theadditionof“-ed”isacommonwaytoindicatethatanactionhasalreadyoccurred,makingitakeypartofverbconjugationintheEnglishlanguage.5.WhatisthepurposeofthepasttenseinEnglishgrammar,andgiveanexamplesentencetoillustrateitsusage?Answer:ThepurposeofthepasttenseinEnglishgrammaristoexpressactionsorstatesthatoccurredorexistedinthepast.Itallowsustorefertoeventsthathavealreadyhappened.Anexamplesentenceis:“Iwenttotheparkyesterday.”Here,“went”isinthepasttense,indicatingthattheactionofvisitingtheparkoccurredinthepast.Explanation:ThepasttenseisanessentialpartofEnglishgrammarasitenablesspeakersandwriterstocommunicateaboutpastexperiencesandevents.Bychangingtheverbformtothepasttense,listenersandreaderscanunderstandthattheactionbeingdescribedisnothappeninginthepresentorwillhappeninthefuture.Theexamplesentenceclearlydemonstratesthisbyusing“went”insteadof“go,”signifyingthatthetriptotheparkisapastevent.六、书面表达题（15分）SectionVI:Writing(40points)Instructions:Youwillbegivenatopictowriteabout.Yourwritingshouldbeclear,organized