电子与通信技术专业英语（第6版）课件 项目19 Internet of Things

刘骋蔡静主编电子与通信技术专业英语（第6版）高职高专电子信息类“十三五”规划教材EnglishonElectronicandTelecommunicationTechnology04UnitⅣAdvancedElectronicTechnologyLesson19InternetofThings

UnitⅣNewWordsSensor ['sensə] n. 传感器Facilitate [fə'siliteit] vt. 使容易，促进，帮助Identification [ai,dentifi'keiʃn] n. 认出，识别Illegal [i'li:gl] adj. 不合法的，非法的Storage ['stɔ:ridʒ] n. 存储，存储器Alarm [ə'la:m] vt.&n. 警告；报警器NewWordsbill [bil] n. 账单，目录transponder [træns'pɔndə] n. 应答器approaching [ə'prəutʃiŋ] vt. 接近，靠近expert ['ekspə:t] n. 专家，能手energy-efficient 能效高的，高能效的interact [,intər'ækt] v. 交互NewWordstackle ['tækl] vt. 拦截embrace [im'breis] v. 拥抱，包括spark [spɑ:k] vt. 发动，触发aggregate ['æɡriɡət,'æɡriɡeit] vt. 使聚集，使积聚，总计达PhrasesandExpressionsInternetofThings 物联网sensornetwork 传感网mobilecommunicationnetwork 移动通信网络producttagged 产品标签automatictelephonealarm 自动电话报警radiofrequencyidentification 射频识别

InternetofThings（IoT）,alsoknownasthesensornetwork,referstoavarietyofinformationsensingdevicesandtheInternetcombinetoformahugenetwork,willenablealloftheitemsandnetworkconnectionstofacilitatetheidentificationandmanagement.

Becauseofitscomprehensivesense,reliabledelivery,intelligentprocessingfeatures,itiseveryonethatisthesecondcomputer,theInternet,mobilecommunicationnetworkagainafterthewaveoftheinformationindustry.Lesson19InternetofThingsChineseTranslationofTexts物联网又名传感网,是指将各种信息传感设备与互联网结合起来而形成的一个巨大网络,可使所有的物品与网络连接,方便识别和管理。因其具有全面感知、可靠传递、智能处理的特点,它被众人认为是继计算机、互联网、移动通信网之后的又一次信息产业浪潮。第19课

物联网ChineseTranslationofTextsTouchofabuttononthecomputerorcellphone,eventhousandsofmilesaway,youcanlearnthestatusofanitem,aperson'sactivities.

Sendatextmessage,youcanturnonthefan;iftheillegalinvasionofyourhome,youwillreceiveautomatictelephonealarm.

Thisintelligentscene,isnotonlytheHollywoodsci-fiblockbusterssituation,andthingsaregraduallyapproachingourlives.ChineseTranslationofTexts轻触一下电脑或者手机的按钮，即使千里之外，你也能了解到某件物品的状况、某个人的活动情况。发一个短信，你就能打开风扇；如果有人非法入侵你的住宅，你还会收到自动电话报警。如此智能的场景，已不是好莱坞科幻大片中才有的情形了，物联网正在步步逼近我们的生活。ChineseTranslationofTextsAchieveallthisisbecausethe"things"thereisakeytechnologyforinformationstorageobjectcalledradiofrequencyidentification(RFID).

AnRFIDsystemconsistsofthreecomponents（asshowninFig.19-1）:anantennatransceiver(oftencombinedintoonereader)andatransponder(thetag).Theantennaemitsradiosignalstoactivatethetagandtoreadandwritedatatoit.Whenactivated,thetagtransmitsdatabacktotheantenna.ChineseTranslationofTexts实现这一切是因为“物联网”里有一个存储物体信息的关键技术叫射频识别(RFID)。RFID系统由三部分组成（如图19－1所示）：天线和收发器（通常集成在一个读入器里）和应答器（标签）。天线发出无线电信号激活标签和读写数据。标签传输的数据可能提供识别或定位信息，或者是有关产品标签的信息，如价格，颜色，购买日期等。ChineseTranslationofTextsThedatatransmittedbythetagmayprovideidentificationorlocationinformation,orspecificsabouttheproducttagged,suchasprice,color,dateofpurchase,etc.Low-frequencyRFIDsystems(30KHzto500KHz)haveshorttransmissionranges(generallylessthansixfeet).High-frequencyRFIDsystems(850MHzto950MHzand2.4GHzto2.5GHz)offerlongertransmissionranges(morethan90feet).Ingeneral，thehigherthefrequency,themoreexpensivethesystem.ChineseTranslationofTexts低频RFID系统（30kHz至500kHz）的传输距离短（一般小于6英尺）。高频射频识别系统（850兆赫至950兆赫和2.4GHz至2.5GHz）的传输距离更长（超过90英尺）。通常，频率越高，系统的价格越昂贵。ChineseTranslationofTextsForexample,inmobilephones,embeddedRFID-SIMcard,yourphone"informationsensingdevice"canbeconnectedwiththemobilenetwork,thisphonecannotonlyconfirmtheuser'sidentity,butalsotopayforthecost,visitsbyappointment,forqueryand

paythephonebill,waterchargestopaygas,lottery,airlineticketsandotherpaymentservices.ChineseTranslationofTexts比如在手机里嵌入RFID-SIM卡，手机内的“信息传感设备”就能与移动网络相连，这种手机，不仅可以确认使用者的身份，还能进行费用支付、预约参观、实现查询及缴纳手机话费、水电燃气费缴纳、彩票投注、航空订票等多种支付服务。ChineseTranslationofTextsAslongasanobjectembeddedinaspecificradiofrequencytags,sensorsandotherdevicesconnectedtotheInternet,willbeabletoformalargenetworksystems,inthisline,eventhousandsofmilesaway,peoplecaneasilylearnandcontroloftheobjectinformation（asshowninFig.19-2）.ChineseTranslationofTexts只要将特定物体嵌入射频标签、传感器等设备，与互联网相连后，就能形成一个庞大的联网系统，在这个网上，即使远在千里之外，人们也能轻松获知和掌控物体的信息（如图19－2所示）。ChineseTranslationofTextsTospeakmoreconcretely,let'simagineaworldinwhichalargenumberofthingsthatsurroundusare"autonomous",becausetheyhave:ChineseTranslationofTexts更具体地讲，让我们想象一个世界，大量的事物“自动”地围绕着我们，因为他们有：ChineseTranslationofTextsaname:atagwithauniquecode,amemory:tostoreeverythingthattheycannotobtainimmediatelyfromthenet,ameansofcommunication:mobileandenergy-efficient,ifpossible,sensors:inordertointeractwiththeirenvironment,acquiredorinnatebehaviors:toactaccordingtoalogic,anobjectivegivenbyitsowner.And,ofcourse,likeeverythingelseonEarth,thesethingsmusthaveanelectronicexistenceonthenetwork.ChineseTranslationofTexts一个名字：标签与一个独特的代码，存储器：存储那些不能立即从网上获得的任何东西，一种通信方式：移动的和高能效的，如果可能的话，传感器：为了与环境交互，获取或自然的行为：由自身给出的符合逻辑的客观行动。当然，像地球上的其他事物一样，这些事情都必须有一个网络上的电子存在。ChineseTranslationofTextsSomeexpertspredictthat10yearsthingsmaybealarge-scalepopularitytobecomeatrillion-scalehigh-techmarket.

Then,atthepersonalhealth,trafficcontrol,environmentalprotection,publicsafety,peaceathome,smartfire,industrialmonitoring,elderlycareinalmostallareas,thingswillplayarole.

Someexpertssaidthatonlythreetofiveyears’time,thingswillbefullaccesstopeople'slives,changepeople'swayoflife.ChineseTranslationofTextsChineseTranslationofTexts有专家预测10年内物联网就可能大规模普及，发展成为上万亿规模的高科技市场。届时，在个人健康、交通控制、环境保护、公共安全、平安家居、智能消防、工业监测、老人护理等几乎所有领域，物联网都将发挥作用。有专家表示，只需三到五年时间，物联网就会全面进入人们的生活，改变人们的生活方式。TheInternetofThingshasgreatpromise,yetbusiness,policy,andtechnicalchallengesmustbetackledbeforethesesystemsarewidelyembraced.Earlyadopterswillneedtoprovethatthenewsensordrivenbusinessmodelscreatesuperiorvalue.Industrygroupsandgovernmentregulatorsshouldstudyrulesondataprivacyanddatasecurity,particularlyforusesthattouchonsensitiveconsumerinformation.ChineseTranslationofTextsChineseTranslationofTexts互联网有很大的前途，但这个系统被广泛接受之前，业务，政策，和技术的挑战必须解决。早期应用者需证明，这种新的传感器驱动的商业模式，能够创造卓越的价值。行业组织和政府监管机构应该学习数据隐私和数据安全的规则，特别是在使用那些接触到的敏感的消费者信息时。Onthetechnologyside,thecostofsensorsandactuatorsmustfalltolevelsthatwillsparkwidespreaduse.Networkingtechnologiesandthestandardsthatsupportthemmustevolvetothepointwheredatacanflowfreelyamongsensors,computers,andactuators.Softwaretoaggregateandanalyzedata,aswellasgraphicdisplaytechniques,mustimprovetothepointwherehugevolumesofdatacanbeabsorbedbyhuman.ChineseTranslationofTextsChineseTranslationofTexts在技术方面，传感器和驱动器的成本必须下降至某个水平才能实现广泛的使用。网络技术和标准，必须支持数据可以在传感器，计算机，和驱动器之间自由流动。收集和分析数据的软件，以及图形显示技术，必须提高到这样一种地步，大量的数据可以被人们接收。NotesLow-frequencyRFIDsystems(30kHzto500kHz)haveshorttransmissionranges(generallylessthansixfeet).High-frequencyRFIDsystems(850MHzto950MHzand2.4GHzto2.5GHz)offerlongertransmissionranges(morethan90feet).低频RFID系统（30kHz至500kHz）的传输距离短（一般小于6英尺）。高频RFID系统（850MHz至950MHz和2.4GHz至2.5GHz）的传输距离更长（超过90英尺）。RFID：是RadioFrequencyIdentification的缩写，即射频识别。RFID是一种非接触式的自动识别技术，它通过射频信号自动识别目标对象并获取相关数据，识别工作无须人工干预，可工作于各种恶劣环境。1NotesForexample,inmobilephones,embeddedRFID-SIMcard,yourphone“informationsensingdevice”can,beconnectedwiththemobilenetworkRFID-SIMcard.例如，在手机里嵌入RFID-SIM卡，手机内的“信息传感设备”就能与移动网络相连。SIMcard：SIM卡是SubscriberIdentityModel（客户识别模块）的缩写，也称为智能卡、用户身份识别卡，GSM数字移动电话机必须装上此卡方能使用。2NotesForexample,inmobilephones,embeddedRFID-SIMcard,yourphone“informationsensingdevice”can,beconnectedwiththemobilenetworkRFID-SIMcard.RFID-SIMcard：RFID-SIM卡的外形尺寸与传统的标准SIM卡完全一致，基于2.4GHz频段，是一种可实现近/中/远距离无线通信功能的手机智能卡，通信距离为10～500cm，单向支持100m（数据广播）。RFID-SIM卡属于CPU卡的一种，卡内具备COS（微型操作系统），区别于逻辑加密卡，具备极高级别的安全管理措施，同时可通过手机读写卡内个性化数据。2Exercises1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Low-frequencyRFIDsystemshaveshorttransmissionranges.b.Ingeneral,thelowerthefrequency,themoreexpensivethesystem.c.High-frequencyRFIDsystemsoffershorttransmissionranges.d.Whenactivated,theantennatransmitsdatabacktothetag.Exercises1.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Low-frequencyRFIDsystemshaveshorttransmissionranges.b.Ingeneral,thelowerthefrequency,themoreexpensivethesystem.c.High-frequencyRFIDsystemsoffershorttransmissionranges.d.Whenactivated,theantennatransmitsdatabacktothetag.TFFFExercises2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.AnRFIDsystemconsistsofthreecomponents:

,

and

.b.Thedatatransmittedbythetagmayprovide

or

,orspecificsabouttheproducttagged,suchasprice,dateofpurchase,etc.c.Networkingtechnologiesandthestandardsthatsupportthemmustevolvetothepointwheredatacan

sensors,computers,andactuators.d.

onthecomputerorcellphone,eventhousandsofmilesaway,youcanlearnthestatusofanitem,

.Exercises2.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.AnRFIDsystemconsistsofthreecomponents:

anantenna,transceiverandatransponder.b.Thedatatransmittedbythetagmayprovideidentificationorlocationinformation,orspecificsabouttheproducttagged,suchasprice,dateofpurchase,etc.c.Networkingtechnologiesandthestandardsthatsupportthemmustevolvetothepointwheredatacanflowfreelyamongsensors,computers,andactuators.d.Touchofabuttononthecomputerorcellphone,eventhousandsofmilesaway,youcanlearnthestatusofanitem,

aperson’sactivities.Exercises3.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.InternetofThings(IoT),alsoknownasthesensornetwork,referstoa