UNIT3CAREERSANDSKILLS词汇详解课件高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第四册

牛津英语单元词汇详解选择性必修四Unit3Careersandskills1.salary/ˈsæləri/n.薪金，薪水（30）【原句背诵】Ifyouwereaskedthequestion,“Doyouworktoliveorlivetowork?”whatwouldyouranswerbe?Somemightsaythatweworkbecausewehaveto,notleastbecauseweneedthesalarythatenablesustobefinanciallyindependent.【联想拓展】anannualsalaryof$400004万美元的年薪a9%salaryincrease/rasie加薪9%monthlysalary月薪grosssalary工资总额salarymann.上班族salarycap工资上限【经典例句】Igotafantasticnewjobandmysalarytripled.我得到了一份极好的新工作，我的薪水是原来的三倍。Asatoplawyer,hecanexpecttocommandasix-figuresalary.作为首屈一指的律师，他可望拿到六位数的薪资。Thejobisgreatintermsofsalary,butithasitsdisadvantages.就薪金而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但也有一些不利之处。2.labour/ˈleɪbə(r)/n.劳动，（尤指）体力劳动；分娩期，分娩vi.努力做；干苦力活（30）

labourforce（全公司或全国的）劳动力（30）【原句背诵】Itiscertainlytruethatmostofusdojointhelabourforceonceourstudiesarecompleted.【联想拓展】labor=labourlabourforcen.劳动力manuallabour(=workusingyourhands)体力劳动ashortageoflabour劳动力的短缺labourern.劳动者；劳工Labour（abbr.Lab）英国工党labourforv.努力争取【经典例句】Wehaveaproblemofskilledlabour.我们缺少熟练工。Repairsinvolveskilledlabour,whichcanbeexpensive.修理需要熟练技工，人工费会很昂贵。Thecompanywantstokeepdownlabourcosts.公司想保持低劳动成本。ScientistslabouredformonthstounravelthemysteriesofNeptuneandstillremainbaffled（迷惑）.科学家们为揭开海王星之谜艰难地工作了数月，但依然迷惑不解。【链接高考】（2015四川卷）Mothershavelongknownthattheirhomeworkloadwasjustasheavyaspaidwork.Now,thenewstudyhasshownthatiftheywerepaidfortheirparentallabours,theywouldearnasmuchas$172,000ayear.母亲们很早就知道，她们的家庭工作量和有偿工作一样沉重。现在，新的研究表明，如果他们为父母的劳动支付报酬，他们每年将赚取多达17.2万美元。3.*gear/ɡɪə(r)/vt.使适用于n.排挡；齿轮；传动装置（30）【原句背诵】Indeed,itcouldbearguedthatoureducationisgearedtowardspreparingusforalifeofwork.【联想拓展】gearsthto/towards(doing)sth使与…相适应；使适合于gearup(for/tosth)/gearsb/sthup(for/tosth)（使）为…作好准备reversegear倒挡low/highgear低速╱高速挡tochange/shiftgear换挡【经典例句】Thecoursehadbeengearedtowardsthespecificneedsofitsmembers.课程已作调整，以满足学员的特别需要。Mytrainingwasgearedtowardwinninggold.我的训练是为赢得金牌去规划的。Carelessuseoftheclutch（离合器）maydamagethegears.离合器使用不当可能会损坏传动装置。4.earnaliving谋生（30）【原句背诵】However,earningalivingisbynomeanstheonlyreasonwhywework—thereareotherimportantreasonsthatmotivateustoentertheworldofwork.【联想拓展】earnafortune赚大钱earnagoodmark得到赞扬earnanincome赚取收入makealiving谋生；维持生活【经典例句】Firstyoushouldconsiderhowtoequipyourselftoearnaliving.首先你应该考虑如何让自己有能力谋生。Schoolleaversfacesomuchcompetitionthattheyseldomcarewhattheydoaslongastheycanearnaliving.毕业生面临着十分激烈的竞争，以至于只要能以谋生，他们就很少关心做什么工作。5.attain/əˈteɪn/vt.达到；获得（30）【原句背诵】Throughtheworkwedo,ourgoalscanbeattainedandourdreamsachieved.【联想拓展】attainmentn.达到，获得；成就，造诣attainableadj.可得到的；可达到的；可到达的unattainableadj.做不到的；难到达的【经典例句】Areyoucourageousenoughtoattainthatgoalthatyouset?你有足够的胆量来实现你所制定的目标吗？Studentswithhighhopesetthemselveshighergoalsandknowhowtoworktoattainthem.被寄予厚望的学生为自己设定更高的目标，并知道如何努力实现这些目标。Thegascanbestoredunderpressureandattaintorecovertheenergy.这种气体可以在压力下储存，以恢复能量。6.*endeavor/ɪn‘devə/vi.努力，尽力n.努力，尝试（30）【原句背诵】HenryDavidThoreausaid,“…ifoneadvancesconfidentlyinthedirectionofhisdreams,andendeavorstolivethelifewhichhehasimagined,hewillmeetwithasuccessunexpectedincommonhours.”【联想拓展】endeavor=endeadourmakeanendeavortodosth尽力做某事advancesinthefieldofscientificendeavour在科学探索领域的进步endeavourfor尽力endeavourtoperfectone'sskill努力钻研技术【经典例句】Pleasemakeeveryendeavourtoarriveontime.请尽全力按时到达。Themanagerisexpectedtousehisorherbestendeavourstopromotetheartist'scareer.经纪人应以最大的努力来推动其演艺人的事业发展。Iwillendeavourtodomybestformycountry.我将竭尽全力报效祖国。7.passion/ˈpæʃ(ə)n/n.强烈感情；酷爱（30）【原句背诵】YangLiwei,forexample,drivenbyhispassionforflying,becameapilotandthenChina’sfirstastronautinspace.【联想拓展】haveapassionfor对…有强烈的爱好passionateadj.热诚的，狂热的；热恋的，情意绵绵的；易怒的passionatelyadv.热情地；强烈地；激昂地【经典例句】Thechemistsaysshealwayshasapassionforscience.这位化学家说她对科学一直很有热情。Hehasdevelopedaconsumingpassionforchess.他对国际象棋已经产生了浓厚的兴趣。Musicisapassionwithhim.他对音乐情有独钟。【链接高考】（2019江苏卷）Musicwashistruepassion,thoughhehadneverperformedoutsidethefamily.音乐是他真正的激情所在，尽管他从未在家庭之外表演过。（2017全国卷I）Since1962,PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(热情)fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience,mathandtechnology.自1962年以来，太平洋科学中心一直激发着人们对科学、数学和技术的探索和终身学习的热情。8.fond/fɒnd/adj.喜爱（30）

befondof喜爱（30）【原句背诵】Whereverourinterestsmaylieandwhateverourcareerchoicesmightbe,workallowsustheopportunitytobeengagedinsomethingwearefondof,andconsequently,itcangiveusagreatsenseofachievementandsatisfaction.【联想拓展】fondnessn.爱好；溺爱fondlyadv.天真地；怜爱地；温柔地【经典例句】IusedtoliveinYorkandI'mstillfondoftheplace.我曾住在约克郡，现在仍然喜欢那里。I'vealwaysbeenfondofpoetryandonepiecehasalwaysstuckinmymind.我一直喜欢诗歌，有一首诗一直被我铭记于心。【链接高考】（2013江苏卷）OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.侏罗纪海洋的特征之一是有大量的大型鲨鱼和鳄鱼，它们都喜欢吃鱼龙的午餐。9.anticipate/ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/vt.预计（并做准备）；预料（31）【原句背诵】Twentyyearsago,positionsinsocialtechnologiesorenergyefficiencydidnotevenexist,anditisdifficulttoanticipatethenewpositionswhichwillemergetwentyyearsfromnow.【联想拓展】anticipatedoingsth/anticipatesthdoingsth期盼；期望anticipationn.预期，预料；期盼，期望inanticipationofsth期待着；预计到anticipatoryadj.预期的；提早发生的；期待着的【警示误区】anticipate后常接doing(sth)作宾语，一般不能接todo(sth)。使用时要注意！Theyanticipatemovingtobiggerpremises（场所）bytheendoftheyear.他们预期年底前迁入较大的经营场址。【经典例句】Therearesomethingsinlifewejustcan'tanticipate.生活中有些事使我们无法预料的。Weanticipatethatadditionalfundingwillberequired.我们预期，更多的救援资金将是必不可少的。Tryandanticipatewhattheinterviewerswillask.尽量设想面试主持者会提出什么问题。Imaginationisafaculty（能力）thatsomepeopleusetoanticipatefutureeventsintheirlives.想象力是一些人用来预测生活中未来事件的能力。10.*statusquo/ˌsteɪtəsˈkwəʊ/n.现状，原来的状况（31）【原句背诵】However,itiscertainthatnoonecanaffordtobesatisfiedwiththestatusquo.11.superior/suːˈpɪəriə(r)/adj.好的，占优势的n.级别（或地位、职位）更高的人（31）12.prejudice/ˈpredʒudɪs/n.偏见，成见（31）【原句背诵】Inasuccessful,stableandproductivesociety,alljobsareequallyimportantandnooneissuperiortoanother,soweshouldnothaveprejudiceagainstanyofthem.【联想拓展】besuperiortosb/sth（在品质上）更好的；占优势；更胜一筹besuperior(tosb)（在级别、重要性或职位上）更高的besuperiorin在…方面优越superiorintelligence更强的智力superiorlyadv.超越其他地；卓越地superiorityn.优越，优势；优越感，骄傲自大prejudice(againstsb/sth)偏见；成见withoutprejudice无偏见racialprejudice种族偏见PrideandPrejudice《傲慢与偏见》prejudicedadj.怀偏见的；有成见的；偏颇的【反义词】superior的反义词是inferioradj.较差的；低等的，下级的【警示误区】在besuperiorto中，介词to一般不用than替换。类似用法beinferiorto,beseniorto,bejuniorto等。【经典例句】Thismodelistechnicallysuperiortoitscompetitors.这一款式在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。Wehavearelationshipinfinitelysuperiortothoseofmanyofourfriends.我们之间的关系远比我们许多朋友之间的关系好得多。Thereiswidespreadprejudiceagainstworkersover45.对年龄超过45岁的工人有普遍的偏见。ImustadmittoaprejudiceinfavourofBritishuniversities.我得承认我对英国大学有所偏爱。Therewasadeep-rootedracialprejudicelongbeforethetwocountrieswenttowar.早在两国交战之前就有了根深蒂固的种族偏见。Thereportwasheldbackforfearofprejudicinghistrial.因为担心会使他的审判带有偏见，该报告没有公开。【链接高考】（2021天津卷）Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.诗人兼哲学家的医生是一个优秀的医生，他能给病人的不仅仅是良好的医疗技能。（2014山东卷）Shewasbornaslaveandremainedaslavefornearlythirtyyears.Shecouldneitherreadnorwrite,yetinherownsphereshehadnosuperiororequal.她生下来就是奴隶，而且当了将近三十年的奴隶。她既不会读也不会写，然而在她自己的圈子里，却没有人比她强，也没有人比得上她。（2015广东卷）ThissuggeststhatBritishattitudestowardsaccenthavedeeprootsandarebasedonclassprejudice.这表明英国人对口音的态度根深蒂固，是基于阶级偏见的。13.lawyer/ˈlɔɪə(r)/n.律师（31）14.servant/ˈsɜːvənt/n.雇员，职员；仆人（31）publicservant公务员，公职人员（31）15.consultant/kənˈsʌltənt/n.顾问；会诊医师（31）16.clerk/klɑːk/n.职员，簿记员，文书vi.当职员（或文书、书记员）

（31）17.receptionist/rɪˈsepʃənɪst/n.接待员（31）18.respective/rɪˈspektɪv/adj.分别的，各自的（31）【原句背诵】Whetherwearescientists,lawyers,doctors,publicservants,consultants,clerks,receptionistsorbutchers,weallmakeourrespectivecontributions.【联想拓展】lawn.法律（体系）；法令，法规；规律，法则

consultv.咨询，请教；商讨；当顾问receptionn.接待处，服务台；欢迎会，招待会therespectiverolesofmenandwomeninsociety男女在社会中各自的角色respectivelyadv.分别地，依次地【经典例句】Sheisaconsultanttothegovernment.她是政府顾问。Haveyouconsultedyourlawyeraboutthis?你就此事咨询过你的律师吗？Theyareeachrecognizedspecialistsintheirrespectivefields.他们在各自的领域都被视为专家。SteveandIwereatverydifferentstagesinourrespectivecareers.史蒂夫和我处在各自事业的迥然不同的阶段。【链接高考】（2019北京卷）Atthisyear'sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman–soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.在今年的I/O大会(I/OConference)上，一家公司展示了一种新的语音技术，这种技术能够产生令人信服的人声，以至于它能够与接待员交谈并在不被发现的情况下预订房间。19.zone/zəʊn/n.地区；区域（31）comfortzone舒适区，放松区（31）【原句背诵】Moreover,therearepeoplewhochoosetostepoutoftheircomfortzoneandcommitthemselvestoworkingforthebenefitofothers.【联想拓展】developmentzone开发区economiczone经济特区；经济圈；经济地带industrialzone工业区economicdevelopmentzone经济开发区specialeconomiczone(sez)经济特区awar/security/demilitarized,etc.zone交战区、安全区、非军事区等anearthquake/danger,etc.zone地震带、危险地带等apedestrianzone(=wherevehiclesmaynotgo)步行区【经典例句】Whatpreventsusfromgettingoutofourcomfortzone?是什么阻止了我们从舒适的小窝里走出来？20.operate/ˈɒpəreɪt/vt.操作，使运行vi.运转，工作（33）【原句背诵】Besides,moreimportancewillbeattachedto“softskills”.Currently,aheavyfocusisputontrainingin“hardskills”,suchasmachineoperatingandsoftwareprogramming.【联想拓展】operationn.运作，实施；运转，操作；手术；（有组织的）活动，行动operatorn.（设备、机器的）操作员；经营者；精明圆滑的人，善于取巧的人operatingadj.（机器、车辆、装置等）操作的，运作的；（企业、部门等）经营的，管理的【熟词生义】operate作“动手术”时，常用operate(onsb)(forsth)。InMarch2020,surgeonsoperatedonMaxforabrainaneurysm（动脉瘤）.2020年3月，外科医生们为马克斯做了脑部动脉瘤手术。【经典例句】Whatskillsareneededtooperatethismachinery?操作这种机器需要什么技能？Solarpanelscanonlyoperateinsunlight.太阳能电池板只能在日光下起作用。【链接高考】（2015湖北卷）Loeisamasterfoodpreserver,gardenerandcanningexpert.Shealsooperatesawebsite,wheresheshareshertipsandrecipes,withthegoalofdemonstratingthateveryonehastheabilitytocontrolwhat’sontheirplate.洛奥是食物保存大师、园丁和罐头专家。她还经营着一个网站，在那里她分享自己的秘诀和食谱，目的是证明每个人都有能力控制自己盘子里的食物。（2014江西卷）ORBISisaninternationalnon-profitorganizationwhichoperatestheworld’sonlyflyingteachingeyehospital.

ORBIS是一家国际非盈利组织，运营着世界上唯一的飞行教学眼科医院。

21.hire/ˈhaɪə(r)/vt.&vi.聘用，雇用；租用n.新雇员；租借（33）22.leadership/ˈliːdəʃɪp/n.领导应有的品质；领导地位（33）【原句背诵】However,inthefuture,employerswilllooktohirepeoplewhoarereadyandabletolearn.Asaresult,employeeswillneedto(5)attainexcellentsoftskillssuchcommunication,cooperationandleadership.【联想拓展】tohireacar/room/video租汽车╱房间╱录像带tohirealawyer聘请律师hiresth

out出租某物hireyourselfout(tosb)为（某人）工作；受聘于；受雇于forhire/rent供出租onhire/rent出租的；雇用bicyclesforhire,￡2anhour自行车出租，每小时2英镑leadershipqualities/skills领导的素质╱技巧leadershipteam领导团队underone’sleadership/undertheleadershipof在…的领导下【同义词】hire的同义词可以用employ,rent等。【反义词】hire的反义词可以用fire,dismiss等。【经典例句】Jessicawashiredthreeyearsago.杰西卡是三年前录用的。Theyhiredafirmofconsultantstodesignthenewsystem.他们请了一家咨询公司来设计新的系统。Sixteenofthecontestantshavehiredlawyersandaresuing（控诉）

theorganizers.参赛者中有16人已经聘了律师，正在起诉主办方。HelmetswillbeavailableforhireatallZhangjiakouResortskiareas.在张家口假村的所有滑雪场里都有头盔供出租。Strongleadershipisneededtocaptaintheteam.担任这个队的队长需要强有力的领导才能。Thepartythrived（兴旺，繁荣）underhisleadership.这个党在他的领导下兴旺起来。【链接高考】（2020山东卷）Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.电影开始前，每个妇女都被要求吃一份点心。研究人员雇佣的一名演员先抢了她的食物。（2018北京卷）Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.在所有的项目中，团队合作是关键，因为受训人员了解到领导能力和参与更大任务的重要性。23.weighup权衡，斟酌（34）【原句背诵】Youmayhaveabrilliantidea,butbeforeyoudecidetoputitintoaction,itiswisetoweighuptheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisoption.【联想拓展】weighonsb/sth加重…的思想负担；使焦虑不安；使担忧weighup权衡；估量；称weighin加入比赛；比赛前量体重；参加辩论weighsbdown使烦恼；使焦虑；使忧心忡忡weighoutv.称出weighone’swords推敲；斟酌字句【经典例句】Sheweighedupalltheevidence.她慎重地考虑了所有的证据。Iweighedthebenefitsoftheplanagainsttherisksinvolved.我认真权衡了这个计划的优点和有关的风险。IthinkthatwhateverproblemsBrazil'sfacingnow—thesamewillbetrueforanycountry—youhavetoweighuptheprosandcons.我认为，不管巴西现在面临什么问题——对任何国家来说都是如此——你都必须权衡利弊。24.receipt/rɪˈsiːt/n.收到的款项，收入；收据（34）【原句背诵】Forexample,youshouldlearntosharpenyourleadershipskillsandmotivateyouremployees,ortodevelopyourfinancialmanagementskillsandkeeptrackofallyourreceiptsandpayments.【联想拓展】tomakeout(=write)areceipt写收据net/grossreceipts净收入；总收入onreceiptof在收到…后inreceiptof已收到…【经典例句】Iwroteherareceiptforthemoney.我为那笔钱给她开了张收据。Hewastallying（理货；计数）theday'sreceipts.他正在结算当天的收入。Thegoodswillbedispatched（发送）onreceiptofanorderform.订单一到即发货。25.commercial/kəˈmɜːʃl/adj.商业的，贸易的；盈利的；商业性的（24）【原句背诵】Anotheradvantageisthatyouwillbeabletobetterprovideforyourselfandyourfamily,oreventheeconomywillbenefitifyouachievecommercialsuccess.【联想拓展】thecommercialheartofthecity城市的商业中心commerciallyadv.商业上；通商上commercen.贸易，商业commercializev.使商业化；使商品化commercializationn.商品化，商业化【经典例句】There'safeelingamongalotofpeoplethatmusichasbecometoocommercial.许多人都感到音乐已变得太商业化了。Thecompanyhasindeedbecomemorecommercialoverthepastdecade.

这个公司在过去的十年里确实已变得越来越商业化了。ConservationistsinChileareconcernedovertheeffectofcommercialexploitationofforests.智利的自然保护者对森林商业化开发的后果感到担忧。【链接高考】（2020天津卷）Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.Let’ssayyouareattheairport,andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming(哼唱)ashortcommercialsong.对于那些渴望和平和安静的人来说，声音现在可以创造安静。假设你在机场，你旁边的座位上的小男孩哼着一首简短的商业歌曲。（2018北京卷）Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethylene（聚乙烯）shoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.研究小组将100只蜡虫放在一个商用聚乙烯购物袋上12小时，这些蠕虫消耗并分解了约92毫克购物袋，约占其中的3%。26.weekly/ˈwiːkli/adj.每周的adv.按周地n.周报，周刊（34）27.monthly/ˈmʌnθli/adj.每月的adv.按月地n.月刊（34）28.budget/ˈbʌdʒɪt/n.预算（34）29.put…ontheline让…处于危险之中（34）【原句背诵】Forinstance,youwillhavetoworkoutweekly,monthlyandyearlybudgets,andawrongdecisionmightcostthecompanyagreatdealandputotherpeople’sjobsontheline.【联想拓展】weeklymagazine周刊weeklyreport周报，每周报告entertainmentweekly娱乐周刊；娱乐周报；每周娱乐amonthlymeeting/visit/magazine每月一次的会议╱拜访；月刊thefashionmonthlies时装月刊amonthly/anannual/afamilybudget每月╱年度╱家庭预算theeducation/defencebudget教育╱国防预算【经典例句】Wedecoratedthehouseonatightbudget(=withoutmuchmoneytospend).我们俭省地装修了房子。Theworkwasfinishedontimeandwithinbudget(=didnotcostmoremoneythanwasplanned).工作按时完成且未超出预算。Shewilldesignafantasticnewkitchenforyou–andallwithinyourbudget.她将为你设计一个崭新的漂亮厨房--所有的花费都将在你的预算之内。Don'tputyourprofessionalreputationontheline.不要拿你的职业名声冒险。Firefightersdoajobthatsometimesrequiresthemtoputtheirlivesontheline.消防员们在执行任务中时常命悬一线。【链接高考】（2016北京卷）Managingthefamilybudgetmusthavebeenaveryhardtask,butshemadeitlookeffortless.管理家庭预算一定是一项非常困难的任务，但她让它看起来毫不费力。30.loan/ləʊn/n.贷款，借款；借出vt.借出，贷与（尤指钱）（34）【原句背诵】Also,youwillneedtomakesureanyloansyouhavearerepaidontime.【联想拓展】loanern.债权人；代替品totakeout/repayaloan(=toborrowmoney/payitback)取得╱偿还贷款bankloanswithlowinterestrates银行低息贷款loansth(tosb)/loan(sb)sth借出，贷与（尤指钱）loansth(out)(tosb/sth)/loan(sb)sth出借（贵重物品给博物馆等）【经典例句】Thecountryhasnoaccesstoforeignloansorfinancialaid.该国得不到外国贷款或财政援助。Thepresidentwantstomakeiteasierforsmallbusinessestogetbankloans.总统想使小公司能更容易地获得银行贷款。Thebankishappytoloanmoneytosmallbusinesses.银行乐于贷款给小型企业。Heloanedthemuseumhisentirecollection.他把自己的全部收藏品都借给了博物馆。【链接高考】Forexample,taketheQuickCutGreensHarvester,atooldevelopedjustacoupleofyearsagobyayoungfarmer,JonathanDysinger,inTennessee,withasmallloanfromalocalSlowMoneygroup.举个例子，田纳西州的年轻农民乔纳森·戴辛格在几年前用当地“慢钱”组织的小额贷款开发了一种快速割菜收割机。（2020天津卷）Checkoutabook.Whilelibrariesstillloanout(出借)books,you’llfinditeasiertogetacopyofwhateveryou’relookingfor,thankstoacooperativenetworkofarealibraries.借一本书。虽然图书馆仍然会借书，但你会发现，由于有地区图书馆的合作网络，无论你想要什么，都能更容易地得到一本书。（2020天津卷）Somelibrariesevenloanouttoysandgames.有些图书馆甚至出借玩具和游戏。31.client/ˈklaɪənt/n.客户，顾客，委托人（35）32.detective/dɪˈtektɪv/n.侦探，警探（35）33.subjective/səbˈdʒektɪv/adj.主观的（35）【原句背诵】(4)Howyoucansatisfytheneedsofpotentialclientsmosteffectivelyshouldbethefocusofyourbusiness.Toachievethat,youneedtodosomedetectivework.Donotrelyonyoursubjectivejudgement.【联想拓展】adetectivestory/novel侦探故事╱小说adetectivefilm侦探片privatedetective私家侦探detectv.查明，察觉；测出，检测，识别detectionn.察觉，发现；侦破（案件）detectorn.检测器；发现者；侦察器ahighlysubjectivepointofview非常主观的看法subjectivejudgementn.主观判断【反义词】subjective的反义词是objectiveadj.客观的；客观存在的【经典例句】Herejectedanobjectiveunderstandingofcolor,infavorofamoresubjectiveunderstanding.他不接受对颜色的客观理解，更倾向于支持主观理解。34.directory/dəˈrektəri;daɪˈrektəri/n.名录，电话号码簿，公司名录（35）【原句背诵】Youshouldalsolookthroughthebusinessdirectorytoseewhoyourmaincompetitorswillbeandfindouthowtheirbusinesseswork.【联想拓展】atelephone/tradedirectory电话号码簿；商行名录filedirectory文件目录【经典例句】Thisoptionletsyousearchyourcurrentdirectoryforfilesbydate,contents,anddocumentsummary.这一选项让你按日期、内容和文件摘要在当前目录中查找文件。35.plug/plʌɡ/vt.补足，供给；堵塞，封堵n.插头；插座（35）【原句背诵】Ontheotherhand,partnerscanhelpplugtheknowledgeorskillgaps.【联想拓展】plugaway（at）坚持不懈地做（尤指困难的工作）plugsth

in/plugsthintosth接通（电源）；把（插头）插进（插座）plugsth(up)堵塞；封堵【警示误区】plug的过去式和过去分词要双写g，再加ed。【经典例句】Hepluggedtheholeinthepipewithanoldrag.他用一块旧破布把管子上的那个洞塞住了。Acheaperrangeofproductswasintroducedtoplugthegapatthelowerendofthemarket.推出相对廉价的一系列产品，是为了填补较低档市场的缺口。I'llhavetochangetheplugonmyhairdryer.我必须更换吹风机的插头。36.groundwork/ˈɡraʊndwɜːk/n.基础工作，准备工作（35）【原句背诵】Allthisgroundworkmightseemboringwhenyoujustcannotwaittogetstarted.However,ifyouarewellprepared,thebusinessyouwanttoopenwillhaveagreaterchanceofsuccess.【联想拓展】laythegroundworkfor…基础工作；准备工作【经典例句】Yesterday'smeetingwastolaythegroundworkforthetaskahead.昨天的会议为后面的任务打下了基础。Officialsarelayingthegroundworkforasummitconferenceofworldleaders.官员们正在为世界首脑峰会做准备工作。37.premier/ˈpremiə(r)/adj.最著名的，最成功的，第一的n.首相，总理（37）38.institute/ˈɪnstɪtjuːt/n.机构，机构建筑vt.建立，制定（体系、政策等）（37）【原句背诵】Tofindouthowtogetintothefieldoffashiondesign,IdidsomeresearchaboutwhatkindofeducationandskillsImightneed.IfoundoutthatmanypremierfashiondesignersstudiedatartinstitutesinLondon,ParisorMilan.【联想拓展】oneofthecountry'spremierchefs国家名厨之一thePremierLeague/Division超级联赛vicepremier副总理aresearchinstitute研究所institutesofhighereducation高等学府institutionn.机构，团体；社会收容机构；制度，习俗institutionaladj.机构的，慈善机构的；制度的，惯例的；根深蒂固的39.*proportion/prəˈpɔːʃn/n.正确的比例；部分，份额；比例；体积，面积（37）40.fabric/ˈfæbrɪk/n.织物，布料（37）41.fibre/ˈfaɪbə(r)/n.纤维制品；纤维素；纤维（37）【原句背诵】Forexample,theymusthaveagoodsenseofcolorandproportion,befamiliarwithvariousfabricssuchascotton,woolandman-madefibres,beabletorecognizestylesandtrends,andbecreative.【联想拓展】keepsthinproportion恰当地处事；看待事物恰如其分outof(all)proportion(tosth)不相称；不协调proportionaladj.成比例的；相称的，协调的；（数）成常比的;n.（数）比例项proportionallyadv.成比例地；相称地，适当地proportionateadj.成比例的；相称的；适当的;vt.使成比例；使相称ahigh-/low-fibrediet纤维素含量高╱低的饮食【经典例句】Theproportionofmentowomeninthecollegehaschangeddramaticallyovertheyears.近年来，这个学院的男女学生比例出现了剧变。Theroomisverylonginproportionto(=relativeto)itswidth.这房间的长度比宽度大很多。Driedfruitsareespeciallyhighinfibre.干水果的纤维素含量尤其高。42.qualification/ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/n.资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准（37）【原句背诵】Aftermuchthought,Idecidedtodeveloptheseskillsandgettherightqualificationsbystudyingartatuniversity.【联想拓展】academic/educational/professional/vocationalqualifications学术╱教育╱专业╱职业资历anursing/teaching,etc.qualification护理、教学等资格toacquire/gain/get/obtain/have/holdqualifications获得╱取得╱得到╱拿到╱拥有╱持有资格qualificationandexperience资历qualifyv.（使）有权去做；取得资格，达到标准；获得参赛资格qualifiedadj.具备……的学历（资历）的；（尤指做某项工作）有资格的，胜任的【经典例句】Inthisjob,experiencecountsformorethanpaperqualifications.担任这项工作，经验比文凭更重要。Previousteachingexperienceisanecessaryqualificationforthisjob.教学经验是担任这项工作的必备条件。Responsibilityandreliabilityarenecessaryqualifications,aswellasafriendlyandoutgoingpersonality.责任感和可靠性是必需的素质，友善和外向的性格也必不可少。43.swing/swɪŋ/vi.&vt.(swung,swung)改变；摆动，摇摆n.改变；摆动；秋千（37）swingintoaction立即行动起来；马上大干起来（37）【原句背诵】Actually,IdonothavetowaituntilIgotouniversitytoswingintoactionastherewillbeaworkshopinmycitynextmonth,whichIamhopingtoattend.【联想拓展】swing(sth)(atsb/sth)（挥动某物）朝…打去swing(fromA)(toB)/swing(betweenAandB)（使）改变（意见、情绪等）【警示误区】swing作动词时，其过去式和过去分词是不规则变化，分别是：swung,swung，使用时要注意！【经典例句】Hisarmsswungashewalked.他边走边摆着双臂。Hesatonthestool,swinginghislegs.他坐在凳子上晃动着两条腿。Thebusswungsharplytotheleft.公共汽车猛地拐向左边。Educationalpracticeisliabletosuddenswingsandchanges.教育实践活动易出现突然的转向和变化。Regardlessofthedreamisbigorsmall,thegoalishighorlow,fromnowon,swingitintoaction.不管梦想是大是小，目标是高是低，从现在开始，把它付诸行动。【链接高考】（2020新课标卷I）Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.但这项运动的规则要求竞走运动员的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，并且一只脚始终保持与地面接触。44.label/ˈleɪb(ə)l/n.标签；（不恰当的）称谓vt.贴标签于；（尤指不公正地）把…称为（37）【原句背诵】Clotheswithdesignerlabelsinshopsaregenerallythoughttobetooexpensive.【联想拓展】price/addresslabels价格标签；地址签条labelsb/sth(as)sth（尤指不公正地）把…称为【经典例句】Thewashinginstructionsareonthelabel.洗涤说明在标签上。He'llonlywearclotheswithadesignerlabel.他只愿穿高档名牌服装。Itrequiresforeignfrozen-foodimportstobeclearlylabelled.它要求外国进口冷冻食品要粘贴明确的标签。Theproducewaslabelled"MadeinChina."该产品上贴有“中国制造”的标签。【链接高考】（2020新课标卷II）Sheistryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.她正试图为海狸鼠时装设计一个标签，以表明它是环保的。（2015浙江卷）Mostgraphshaveafewbasicparts:acaptionorintroductionparagraph,atitle,alegendorkey,andlabeledaxes.大多数图表都有几个基本部分：标题或引言段、标题、图例或键以及标记的轴。45.candidate/ˈkændɪdət/n.候选人；应试者；被认定合格者（39）46.gaintheupperhand处于有利地位，有优势（39）【原句背诵】Theoddsarethatyou’veneverbeenacandidateforaparticularjobbefore,butmyadvicewillhelpyougaintheupperhandasyousetoffandstepintotheworldofemployment.【联想拓展】acandidatefor候选人；人选qualifiedcandidate合格的候选人；合资格人员suitablecandidate合适人选apresidentialcandidate总统候选人oneoftheleadingcandidatesforthepresidency总统职位的主要候选人之一【经典例句】Heisacandidatefortheofficeofgovernor.他是州长的候选人。Therewerealargenumberofcandidatesforthejob.有许多求职者申请这份工作。Theyoungplayerendeavorstogaintheupperhand.年轻的选手努力让自己占上风。Chinamadethatpromiseaspartofeffortstogaintheupperhandinglobalclimate-changenegotiations.中国的这一承诺在一定程度上是为了努力在全球气候变化谈判中占据上风。【链接高考】（2021全国甲卷）Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.这头可爱的母犀牛是该保护区今年出生的第二头黑犀牛，但现在还不能确定这头小犀牛是否适合重返野生保护区。（2021天津卷）Weneedpeoplewhocanworkatourwarehouse（仓库）sortingandpackingitemstobedeliveredtofamilies,repairdonatedfurnitureandmore.Candidateswillbematchedwithataskbasedonskillset.我们需要有人在我们的仓库工作，分拣和包装要送到家庭的物品，修理捐赠的家具等。候选人将根据技能组合匹配一项任务。47.applicant/ˈæplɪkənt/n.申请人（39）【原句背诵】Aninterviewisaconversationbetweenanemployerandapotentialemployee,whichallowstheinterviewertoassessthejobapplicanttoseeifheorsheissuitablefortheposition.Meanwhile,itprovidesanopportunityfortheapplicanttolearnmoreaboutthejobandthecompany,andtodiscoverwhetherthisjobisrightforhimorher.【联想拓展】anapplicantforsth申请人（尤指求职、进高等学校等）applytosb/sth)(forsth)（通常以书面形式）申请，请求applysth(tosth)使用；应用；涂；敷；施applyyourself(tosth/todoingsth)勤奋工作；努力学习applyforajob求职；申请工作applicationn.正式申请，书面申请；申请书，申请表；敷用，涂抹applicableadj.适用的，适当的【经典例句】Therewereover500