2024年必修三Unit1知识点

Unit11.mean的使用方法1）meantodo意欲做e.g.Ididn’tmeantohurtyou.2）meandoing意味著e.g.Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.3)bemeantfor适合做e.g.Heisnotmeantforateacherandwillalwaysbeunhappyintheschool.means方式，措施，途径byallmeans當然可以，没問題bynomeans绝不bymeansof借助……手段；依托……措施练习：他說他不适合讀書由于懒。Hesayshe_______astudentforhislaziness.這次考试失败意味著要再考一次。Failingthisexam_______________anotherone.我并不是故意迟到的。Ididn’t____________belateforschool.2.celebratevt.&vi.(1)

庆祝；祝贺celebrateChristmas/one’sbirthday/avictory(成功)(2)

赞扬；称颂e.g.Thenamesofmanyheroesarecelebratedbythepoets.詞語辨析：celebrate,congratulatecelebrate表达“庆祝”後常接曰期,事情或場所，表达“赞扬”時，宾語可以是人，也可是物。congratulate後常接人，表达向某人祝贺congratulatesb.on/upon(doing)sth.congratulations(tosb)onsth/doingsth.3.英語中表达“发生”的詞或短語均為不及物，不用于被動語态，主語為所发生的事。詞語辨析：takeplace,happen,occur,comeabout,breakout的比较takeplace“发生,举行”侧重安排或计划而发生的事,带有“非偶尔”的意思e.g.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepast10years.2)happen“发生”常指详细客观事物或状况的偶尔或未能预見地发生。happen還可以表达“碰巧发生了什么事”常构成sb/sth.happenstodo或Ithappensthat…e.g.Ithappenedtorainthatday.ThetrafficaccidentoccurredonWednesday.3）occur“发生，出現”,较正式用詞，指事情偶尔地、意外地发生或思想忽然浮在心頭。occurto有“想起”的意思。e.g.Agoodideaoccurredtome.4）breakout(火灾、战争、疾病)忽然发生、爆发e.g.TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutin1939.5）comeabout“发生”,往往重视事情发生的原因。且诸多時候与how连用。与happen使用方法较靠近e.g.Howdoesitcomeaboutthatyouwerecaughtbythepolice?练习：用takeplace,happen和comeabout的對的形式填空TheMay4thMovement_____________in1919.Ifanything___________tothemachine,letmeknowatonce.Theopeningdayoftheplay___________tomorrownight.Canyoutellmehowit___________?starve:vt.使饿死vi.饿得要死starvetodeathbestarvedof/starvefor:渴望n.starvation饿死：dieofstarvatione.g.Themotherlesschildrenwerestarvedof/werestarvingforaffection.练习：他們在沙漠中迷路而饿死。Theygotlostinthedesertand_______________.他們正急需一大笔钱来完毕工作。Theyare___asumofmoneytofinishtheirwork.5.honor1)n.光荣，荣誉；光荣的人或事情e.g.Theyfightforthehonorofthecountry.LiuXiangisanhonortoourcountry.2)尊敬,給以荣誉（v）e.g.Childrenshouldhonortheirparents.3)inhonorof為了纪念dosb.honor/dohonortosb.向某人致敬onone’shonor以人格担保havethehonorofdoing/todosth.有幸做…6.satisfyvt./vi.使满意，使满足e.g.Nothingcansatisfyhimexceptthebest.Somepeoplearereallyhardtosatisfy.sb.besatisfiedwith對…满意e.g.She’snotsatisfiedwithhernewhouse.令人满意的:satisfying,satisfactory满意：satisfaction7.harmn./v.损害；伤害dosbharm=doharmtosb=harmsb反：dosbgoode.g.Hemeantnoharmtoyou.Theeventshasharmedtherelationsbetweenthetwocountries.8.inmemoryof為纪念e.g.Themuseumwasbuiltinmemoryofthefamousscientist.inpraiseof歌颂inchargeof负责；掌管insearchof寻找infavorof支持incelebrationof庆祝insupportof支持inplaceof替代incaseof假如；萬一9.Theyofferfood,flowersandgift….詞語辨析：offer,provide,supplyoffer积极提供。offersthtosb/offersbsthprovide供应（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。providesth(forsb)/providesbwithsth.supply:供应（所需要或所规定之物）。supplysthtosb;supplysbwithsth练习：WhenImeetdifficulty,myroommateswill_____mehelp.They_______arewardforthereturnofthelostjewels.Thegovernmentneedto_________theseoldpeoplewithfoodandclothes.Electricityshouldbe_________enougheverymonth.10.dressup盛装打扮；装扮，装饰e.g.Youdon’thavetodressup.Comeasyouare.ChildrenlovedressingupinHalloween.dressvt.給…穿衣dressoneself/sb.給自已/某人穿衣表达動作bedressedin…表达状态11.playatrickonsb.=playtricksonsb.捉弄某人；開某人的玩笑相近短語：makefunof取笑，捉弄laughat讥笑makeafoolof愚弄playajokewith=jokewith和某人開玩笑trickvt.tricksbintosth./doingsth.诱使某人干某事tricksb.outofsth.從某人处骗走某物12awardn.奖品，奖项，奖金e.g.Sheshowedustheawardsshehadwon.vt.授予;鉴定awardsbsth=awardsthtosbe.g.Thejudgesawardedbothteamsequalpoints.award“奖，奖品，奖金”,侧重通過正式裁定而得到的prize“奖，奖金”,指在比赛中获胜或有特殊奉献時所得的奖励reward回报,酬劳13.admirevt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕admiresb/sth(for…)為某事钦佩某人e.g.Iadmirehimforhissuccessinbusiness.admirationn.admirableadj.14.lookforwardto(介詞)+n/v-ing期望，期待e.g.I’mlookingforwardtohiscoming.如下短語中的to也為介詞，背面加doing，而不是dopayattentionto注意devote…to致力于preferto愈加喜欢getdownto開始做beusedto习惯于15.asthough=asif仿佛，仿佛（其引导的從句中的谓語動詞即可用陈說語气，也可用虚拟語气）1)虚拟語气（其谓語若与目前事实相反，用一般過去時，be動詞用were；若与過去事实相反，则用過去完毕時）e.g.Hebehavedasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.Hetalksasif/thoughhekneweverything.2).陈說語气（表达很也許的事实就用陈說語气）e.g.Itlooksasif/thoughitisgoingtorain.Hewavedtomeasiftotellmesomething.16.custom指老式風俗、习俗，也可指個人生活习惯。customs关税practice习俗，通例;与custom近义，但含贬义。makeapracticeof…惯常做某事。habit個人生活习惯，後接ofdoing,不可接不定式。breakacustom打破习俗follow/keepupacustom遵從、遵守习俗mannersandcustoms風俗习惯customs付关税pass/gothroughthecustoms通关用custom,practice和habit填空1)Ihavethe_______ofgettingupearly.2)Itisthe________fortheJapanesetotakeofftheirshoeswhentheygetintoahall.3)Social___________differfromcountrytocountry.4)Hemakesa_________ofcheatingatexaminations.5)Weshouldpay_______whenweimportfromabroad.17.permissionn.准許；許可；同意givepermission(forsth./sb.todosth.)准許（某事/某人干某事）withoutpermission未經許可withone’spermission經某人的許可asksb.forpermission祈求某人准許givesb.permissiontodosth准許某人做某事permitvt.&vi.容許；准許n.許可证；特許证permitsb.sth/permitsbtodosth./permitdoingsth18.turnup1)appear出現；到場他到目前還没有出現。He__________________sofar.2)调大声音，把...開大點儿請把火调大一點。Please_________thefire.有关短語:turndown拒绝turnoff关掉turnon打開turnout成果是turnin上交turnto转向；翻到；求援于19.keepone’sword守信用,遵守诺言breakone’sword违反诺言keepapromise遵守诺言makeapromise做出承诺carryoutapromise履行诺言breakapromise违反诺言inaword简言之inotherwords换句话說haveawordwithsb.与某人交談havewordswithsb.(aboutsth.)有关某事与某人争执20.holdone’sbreath屏息e.g.Thegirlheldherbreathatthesightofthesnake.takebreath呼吸loseone’sbreath=beoutofbreath喘不過气来breathev.breathn.21.apologize道歉apologizetosbfor(doing)sth=saysorrytosbfordoingsthe.g.Youmustapologizetotheteacherforbeingsorude.apologyn.makeanapologytosbfor(doing)sth.22.wipe(wiped,wiped)vt擦，擦去wipeoff抹掉，擦掉wipeout消灭；扫除wipeup擦洁净wipethewordsofftheblackboard23.remindsb.ofsth提醒某人某事remindsb.todosth/remindsb.that…1)他提醒我那個承诺。Heremindedmeofmypromise.2)他提醒我要早起。Heremindedmetogetupearly.3)他提醒我本应當小心點。HeremindedthatIshouldhavebeenmorecareful.24.AsLiFangsetoffforhome,hethought...setoff:動身,出发;(侧重去某一种地方）；使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸;e.g.TomandhisfathersetoffforAmericayesterday.Thebombsetoffamongthecrowd.有关短語：setaboutdoingsth.=setouttodosth著手（做某事）語法：情态動詞may,might;can,could;will,would;shall,should;must,need,dare,usedto,oughtto.一、can,could和beableto的使用方法1.can,beableto都可表达“能力”Can的主語是人或物,beableto的主語是人Shecan/beabletosingthesonginEnglish.Thismachinecanmakeyoufeelcomfortable.2.can只用于目前式和過去式(could)。be

able

to可以用于多种時态。We’llbeabletofinishtheworksoon./Ihaven’tbeenabletoseethefilm.could用于表达泛指過去的能力。如：

I

could

read

when

I

was

four.Althoughthesoldierwasbadlywounded,hewasabletotellwhathadhappened.Sheranfastbutshecouldn’t/wasn’tabletocatchthebus.3.表达特定的某一過去能力或表到达功地做了某事時，只能用was/were

able

to，

不能用could。He

was

able

to

flee

Europe

before

the

war

broke

out.

He

was

able

to

swim

halfway

before

he

got

tired.4.could不表达時态,表达委婉的祈求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。CouldIhavealookatyournotebook?Yes,youcan./No,

you

can't.5.表达“惊异,怀疑,不相信”的态度(重要用于否认句,疑問句和感慨句中)Canthisnewsbetrue?Howcanyoubesofoolish?Itcan’tbeMary.Shehasfallenill.6.表达推测，译為“也許、或許”，can常用于否认句(意思是"不也許已經")和疑問句；could除用于否认句及疑問句外,還可用于肯定句(意思是"那時也許;本来可以")。Lindadidn’tcatchthetrain.Shecouldhavecaughtit.Don't

worry.They

could

have

just

forgotten

to

phone.二、may和might1.may和might用于一般問句中表达委婉的祈求,肯定回答用may,否认用mustn’t---MayIuseyourpencil?---Yes,youmay./No,youmustn’t.2.may和might表达“也許性”,may/might+v指目前或未来也許发生的動作状况。might暗示的也許性更小Shemaynotbeworkingnow.Johnmightbeathomenow.3.對過去发生的事情的也許性作出判断用may/mighthavedone,用might比用may的也許性更小Shemay/mighthavegonetothecinema.Theymay/mightnothavereceivedourtelephone.4.may

放在句首祈使句，表达祝愿。Mayyousucceed!May

God

bless

you!三、Will和would1.will和would表达意愿、意志，可用于多种人称IfyouwillhelpmewithmyEnglish,Iwillbeveryhappy.IpromisedthatIwoulddomybest.2.在疑問句中,will用于第二人称,表达祈求或征求意見,would则語气更委婉Willyoutellhimthenewsassoonashecomesback？Wouldyoupleasespeakagainmoreslowly？四、shall,should和oughtto1.shall用于第二、三人称表达允诺、警告、命令、决心等。YoushalldoasIsay.(命令)Tellhimthatheshallhavethebooktomorrow.(允诺)Nothingshallstopmedoingit.(决心)2.在疑問句中,用于第一、三人称，用来表达祈求或征求意見。ShallIopenthewindowforyou？（征求意見）Shallhefetchsomewaterforyou？（祈求）3.should常表达劝說、提议、命令，与oughtto意义相近，但oughtto多表达责任、义务，語气强烈。在疑問句中一般用should替代oughtto。e.g.Youngpeopleshouldlearnhowtousecomputers.Everycitizenoughttoobeylaw.Yououghtnottogo.4.should/oughttohavedone表达责怪或批评,意為“本应當做到…但没有做到…”,用于否认则表达“本不该…但”oughtto的語气更强烈.Youshould/oughttohavetoldherthetruthearlier.Sheshouldn’thaveleftwithoutsayingaword.五、must和have

to1.Must用于一般問句中,肯定回答用must否认式用

needn’t或don’thaveto，做

“不必”,mustn’t表达“严禁，不容許”

—Must

I

finish

all

assignments

at

a

time?

—Yes,youmust./No,

you

needn't.You

mustn’t

get

down

while

the

car

is

still

moving.2.表达“必须”這個意思時，must

和have

to

稍有区别。must著重阐明主观見解，have

to

强调客观需要。此外，have

to

能用于更多時态。Idon’tlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnomorebus.Theyhadtowalkhome.3.must表达對某人某事的猜测，

作“准是”，“一定”，一般用于肯定句中。對過去发生的事情作肯定判断用musthavedone

You

must

be

the

new

teacher.

He

must

be

joking.There

is

nobody

here.

They

must

have

allgone

home.4.Must表达“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情Hemustcomeandworryherwithquestion,justwhenshewasbusycookingthedinner.Ofcourse，afterIgavehermyadvice，shemustgoanddotheopposite。EXERCISES1.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.---It____acomfortablejourney.()A.can'tbeB.mustn'thavebeenC.shouldn'tbeD.couldn'thavebeen2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone___getout.()A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto3.Peter___comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysure.mustB.canC.mayD.will4.---CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?---Yes,you____.A.willB.couldC.canD.might5.Sorry,I’mlate.I___haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.mightB.shouldC.canD.will6.--Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.--You____havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.A.shan’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.shouldn’t7.Withsomuchworkonhand,you____toseethegamelastnight.A.mustn’tgoB.couldhavegoneC.shouldn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegone8.Johnny,you______playwiththeknife,you____hurtyourself.()A.won't;can'tB.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;mustD.can't;wouldn't9.Imissedthebus,soI___gohomeonfoot.A.mustB.mayC.canD.hadto第一單元检测一、选詞填空：worldwide/permission/apologize/drown/sadness/wipe/weep/forgive/obvious/turnup/keepone’sword/holdone’sbreath/setoff/remind…of…1)Youshouldn’ttellsuchlies.2)Theyenteredtheareawithout.3)Thepoormanishissorrows.4)Hisfameis.5)Themanshouldtoyouforknockingyoudown.6)Hecan’thimselffornotseeinghismotherbeforeshedied.7)