《2023年全球集装箱港口绩效指数》

PublicDisclosureAuthorizedpublicDisclsureAuthorized

TRANSPORTGLOBALPRACTICE

TheContainerPort

PERFORMANCEINDEX2023

ACOMPARABLEASSESSMENTOFPERFORMANCEBASEDONVESSELTIMEINPORT

O2022InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/InternationalDevelopmentAssociationorTheWorldBank

1818HStreetNW

Washington,DC20433Telephone:Internet:

wW

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TRANSPORTGLOBALPRACTICE

TheContainerPort

PerformanceIndex2023

AComparableAssessmentofPerformancebasedonVesselTimeinPort

S&PGlobal

MarketIntelligence

Tableofcontents

Acknowledgements iii

AbbreviationsandAcronyms iv

Glossary v

Foreword vi

Executivesummary 1

1.Introduction 9

2.ThePortPerformanceProgram 13

Introduction 13

ThePortPerformanceProgram 14

TheAutomaticIdentificationSystemandPortZoning 14

TheAnatomyofaPortCall 15

OverallPortTimeDistribution 17

TheSignificanceofCallSize 20

3.TheApproachandMethodology 25

TheStructureoftheData 25

ConstructingtheIndex:TheAdministrativeApproach 29

WhyIsMatrixFactorizationUseful? 34

TheStatisticalMethodology 35

Borda-TypeApproachforIndexAggregation 36

4.TheContainerPortPerformanceIndex2023 38

Introduction 38

TheCPPI2023 38

RankingbyRegion 40

RankingbyThroughput 48

5.ConclusionsandNextSteps 5

AppendixA:TheCPPI2023 56

i|TABLEOFCONTENTS

Tables

TableE.1·TheCPPI2023:GlobalRankingofContainerPorts 2

Table2.1·AverageArrivalTimeDevelopmentperRegionandShipSize,2022-2023 19

Table2.2·AverageArrivalTimePerformanceperShipSizeRangeperRegion 20

Table3.1·PortCallsDistribution 27

Table3.2·ShipSizeGroupDefinitions 27

Table3.3·CallSizeSensitivity 28

Table3.4·QuantityofPortsIncludedperShipSizeGroup 29

Table3.5·AnExampleofImputingMissingValues 30

Table3.6·PortHoursPerformanceAppraisal 31

Table3.7·AssumptionstoDetermineaFuelConsumptionIndex 32

Table3.8·SamplePortProductivityDataStructurebyShipSize 34

Table3.9·SamplellustrationofLatentFactors 34

Table3.10·AnExampleofAggregatedRankingsforFourPortswithRandomlyGenerated

AdministrativeandStatisticalIndexValues 36

Table4.1·TheCPPI2023 39

Table4.2·TheCPPIbyRegion:NorthAmerica 41

Table4.3·TheCPPIbyRegion:CentralAmerica,SouthAmerica,andtheCaribbeanRegion 41

Table4.4·TheCPPIbyRegion:West,Central,andSouthAsia(SaudiArabiatoBangladesh) 43

Table4.5·TheCPPIbyRegion:EastAsia(MyanmartoJapan) 4

Table4.6·TheCPPIbyRegion:Oceania(Australia,NewZealand,andthePacificIslands) 45

Table4.7·TheCPPIbyRegion:Sub-SaharanAfrica 45

Table4.8·TheCPPIbyRegion:EuropeandNorthAfrica 46

Table4.9·TheCPPIbyThroughput:LargePorts(Morethan4millionTEUsperYear) 49

Table4.10·TheCPPIbyThroughput:MediumPorts(between0.5millionand4millionTEUsperYear) 49

Table4.11·TheCPPlbyThroughput:SmallPorts(Lessthan0.5millionTEUsperYear) 52

TableA.1·AggregatedRankingsUsingBorda-typeApproach 56

TableA.2·TheCPPI2023(theAdministrativeApproach) 61

TableA.3·TheCPPI2023(theStatisticalApproach) 72

Figures

Figure2.1·TheAnatomyofaPortCall 16

Figure2.2·In-PortTimeConsumption 17

Figure2.3·GlobalAverageArrivalTimeDevelopment2022-2023 18

Figure2.4·TheAggregatedCorrelationbetweenShipandCallSize 21

Figure2.5·ContainerMovesPerformedpergrossCraneHouracrossVariousShipSizes 22

Figure2.6·GrossCraneProductivitybyCallSize 2

Figure2.7·CraneProductivitybyCraneIntensity 23

Figure2.8·CallSizeversusCraneIntensity 23

Figure2.9·AverageMovesperCrane 24

Figure3.1·TheStructureoftheCPPI 26

Figure3.2·PercentageofPortCallsperShipSizeGroup-2023 28

TABLEOFCONTENTS|Ⅱ

Acknowledgements

ThistechnicalreportwaspreparedjointlybytheteamsfromtheTransportGlobalPracticeoftheInfrastructureVice-PresidencyattheWorldBankandtheMaritime,TradeandSupplyChaindivisionofS&PGlobalMarketIntelligence.

TheWorldBankteamwasledbyRichardMartinHumphreys(GlobalLeadforConnectivityandLogisticsandLeadTransportEconomist,ITRGK),DominiqueGuillot(AssociateProfessor,UniversityofDelaware),undertheguidanceofBinyamReja(GlobalPracticeManagerTransport,ITRGK)andNicolasPeltier-Thiberge(GlobalPracticeDirectorTransport,ITRGK).

TheS&PGlobalMarketIntelligenceteamwasledbyTurlochMooney(GlobalHeadofPortIntelligence&Analytics,GIA),undertheguidanceofGuySear(HeadofGlobalRisk&Maritime,GIA)andJennyPaurys(HeadofGlobalIntelligence&Analytics).

Thejointteamwouldliketoextendspecialthankstothefollowingexpertsfortheircommentsonthedraftofthetechnicalreport:GylfiPalsson(LeadTransportSpecialist,ILTC1),NinanBjuOommen(SeniorTransportSpecialist,IEAT1),andYinYinLam(SeniorTransportSpecialist,IEAT1).

ii|ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

AbbreviationsandAcronyms

AIS

AutomaticldentificationSystem

Cl

CraneIntensity

COVID-19

CoronavirusDisease2019

CPPI

ContainerPortPerformanceIndex

EEZ

ExclusiveEconomicZone

FA

FactorAnalysis

GCI

GlobalCompetitivenessIndex

GCMPH

MovesperGrossCraneHour

GDP

GrossDomesticProduct

GRT

GrossRegisteredTonnage

ITU

InternationalTelecommunicationUnion

LLDC

LandlockedDevelopingCountry

LPI

LogisticsPerformanceIndex

SIDS

SmallIslandDevelopingStates

TEU

Twenty-footEquivalentUnit

UNCTAD

UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment

ABBREVIATIONSANDACRONYMS|IV

v/GLOSSARY

Glossary

Allfast:Thepointwhenthevesselisfullysecuredatberthandallmooringlinesarefast

limitoranchorage(whicheverrecordedtimeis

theearlier)anditsalllinesfastattheberth

Arrivaltime/hours:Thetotalelapsedtime

system(AIS)recordedarrivalattheactualport

betweenthevessel'sautomaticidentification

Berthhours:Thetimebetweenallinesfastand

alllinesreleased

Berthidle:Thetimespentonberthwithoutongoingcargooperations.Theaccumulatedtimebetweenallfasttofirstmovepluslastmovetoallinesreleased

Callsize:Thenumberofcontainermovespercall,inclusiveofdischarge,load,andrestowage

Cargooperations:Whencargoisbeingexchanged,thetimebetweenfirstandlastcontainermoves

Craneintensity(Cl):Thequantityofcranes

deployedtoaship'sberthcall.Calculatedastotalaccumulatedgrosscranehoursdividedbyoperating(firsttolastmove)hours

Factoranalysis(FA):Astatisticalmethodusedtodescribevariabilityamongobserved,correlatedvariablesintermsofapotentiallylowernumberofunobservedvariablescalledfactors

Finish:Totalelapsedtimebetweenlastcontainermoveandalllinesreleased

Grosscranehours:Aggregatedtotalworkingtimeforallcranesdeployedtoavessecallwithoutanydeductions.Timeincludesbreakdowns,inclementweather,vesselinspireddelays,un/lashing,gantry,boomdown/upplushatchcoverandgear-boxhandling

Grosscraneproductivity(GCMPH):Callsizeortotalmovesdividedbytotalgrosscranehours.

Hubport:Aportwhichiscalledatbydeep-seamainlinecontainershipsandservesasatransshipmentpointforsmalleroutlying,orfeeder,portswithinitsgeographicalregion.Typically,morethan35percentofitstotalthroughputwouldbehubandspokeorrelaytransshipmentcontaineractivity

Moves:Totalcontainer_moves.Discharge+restowagemoves+load.Excludinghatchcovers,

gearboxes,andothernon-containerrelatedcranework.Breakbulkcargoliftsareexcluded,howeveremptyplatform(tweendeckorflat-rack)handlingmovesareincluded.

Movespercrane:TotalMovesforacalldividedbythecraneintensity

Portcall:Acalltoacontainerport/terminalby

wasdischargedorloaded

acontainervesselwhereatleastonecontainer

Porthours:Thenumberofhoursashipspends

at/inport,fromarrivalattheportlimitstosailing

fromtheberth

Portlimits:Eitherananchoragezoneorthelocationwherepilotembarkationordisembarkationoccursandrecordedaswhicheveractivityistheearliest

Porttoberthhours:Thetimefromwhenaship

firstarrivedattheportlimitsoranchoragezone

(whicheveractivityoccursfirst)untilitisallfast

alongsidetheberth.

Relaytransshipment:Containerstransshippedbetweenoceangoingcontainerships

Shipsize:Nominalcapacityintwenty-footequivalentunits(“TEU's”)

Start:Thetimeelapsedfromberthing(alllinesfast)tofirstcontainermove

Steamintime:Thetimerequiredtosteam-infromtheportlimitsanduntilallfastalongsidetheberth

Twenty-footequivalentunitorTEU:Astandardmetricforcontainerthroughput,andthephysicalcapacityofacontainerterminal.A20-footcontainerisequalto1TEU,anda40-footor45-footcontainerisequalto2TEUs.Regardlessofcontainersize(10feet,15feet,20feet,30feet,40feet,or45feet),eachisrecordedasonemovewhenbeingloadedordischargedfromthevessel.

Vesselcapacity:Nominalcapacityintwenty-footequivalentUnits(“TEU's”)

Waitingtime:Totalelapsedtimefromwhenvesselentersanchoragezonetowhenvesseldepartsanchoragezone(vesselspeedmusthavedroppedbelow0.5knotsforatleast15minswithinthezone)

Foreword

ThechallengescausedbytheCOVID-19pandemicanditsaftermathonthesectoreasedfurtherin2023.ContinuingornewdisruptionsintheformofRussia'sinvasionofUkraine,theattacksonshippingintheGulfofAden,anddraughtrestrictionsonthePanamaCanal,allimpactedcontainershipping.Inaddition,theglutofnewcapacityorderedbylinesduringthepandemicandfallingdemandmeantthatfreightrateshavefallen,afteraninitialslump,topre-pandemicnormsonmostroutes.

Thesechangesimpactperformanceandtherankingofports.Whilesomeproblemsareexogenousorsystemic,someareendogenousorlocationspecific,withtheresultthatbothimpacttheperformanceandrankingofindividualports.Oneofthe'silverlinings'ofthepandemicwasgreaterawarenessandfocusontheresilienceandefficiencyofthemaritimegateways,whereanyfrictionwillresultintangibleimpactsonconsumerchoice,price,andultimatelyeconomicdevelopment.Thatfocusisevenmoreimportantnow.

Traditionally,oneofthemajorchallengestostimulatingimprovementintheefficiencyofportshashistoricallybeenthelackofareliable,consistent,andcomparablebasisonwhichtocompareoperationalperformanceacrossdiferentports.Whilemodernportscollectdataforperformancepurposes,thequality,consistency,andavailabilityofdata,thedefinitionsemployed,andthecapacityandwillingnessoftheorganizationstocollectandtransmitdatatoacollatingbodyhaveallprecludedthedevelopmentofarobustcomparablemeasure(s)toassessperformanceacrossportsandtime.

Theintroductionofnewtechnologies,increaseddigitalization,andthewillingnessonthepartofindustrystakeholderstoworkcollectivelytowardsystemwideimprovementshavenowprovidedtheopportunitytomeasureandcomparecontainerportperformanceinarobustandreliablemanner.Apartnershiphasresultedinthistechnicalreport,whichisthefourthiterationoftheContainerPortPerformanceIndex(CPPl),producedbytheTransportGlobalPracticeoftheWorldBankincollaborationwiththeGlobalIntelligence&AnalyticsdivisionofS&PGlobalMarketIntelligence.

TheCPPlisintended,asinitsearlieriterations,toserveasareferencepointforimprovementforkeystakeholdersintheglobaleconomy,includingnationalgovernments,portauthoritiesandoperators,developmentagencies,supranationalorganizations,variousmaritimeinterests,andotherpublicandprivatestakeholdersintrade,logistics,andsupplychainservices.Theperformanceofaportmaybeassessedbasedonamyriadofmeasurements,suchas:terminalcapacityorspaceutilization,cost,landsideconnectivity&services,orshiptoshoreinterchange.TheCPPlisbasedonavailableempiricalobjectivedatapertainingexclusivelytotimeexpendedinavesselstayinaportandshouldbeinterpretedasanindicativemeasureofcontainerportperformance,butnotadefinitiveone.

NicolasPeltier-Thiberge

GlobalPracticeDirectorTranspor

TheWorldBank

JennyPaurys

HeadofGlobalIntelligence&AnalyticsS&PGlobalMarketIntelligence

FOREWORD|VI

Executive

summary

Maritimetransportformsthefoundationofglobaltradeandthemanufacturingsupplychain.Themaritimeindustryprovidesthemostcost-effective,energy-efficient,anddependablemodeoftransportationforlongdistances.Morethan80percentofglobalmerchandisetrade(byvolume)istransportedviasearoutes.Aconsiderableandincreasingproportionofthisvolume,accountingforabout35percentoftotalvolumesandover60percentofcommercialvalue,iscarriedincontainers.

Theemergenceofcontainerizationbroughtaboutsignificantchangesinhowandwheregoodsaremanufacturedandprocessed,atrendthatislikelytocontinuewithdigitalization.Containerportsarecriticalnodesinglobalsupplychainsandessentialtothegrowthstrategiesofmanyemergingeconomies.Innumerouscases,thedevelopmentofhigh-qualitycontainerportinfrastructureoperatingefficientlyhasbeenaprerequisiteforsuccessfulexport-ledgrowthstrategies.Countriesthatfollowsuchastrategywillhavehigherlevelsofeconomicgrowththanthosethatdonot.Efficient,highqualityportinfrastructurecanfacilitateinvestmentinproductionanddistributionsystems,engenderexpansionofmanufacturingandlogistics,createemploymentopportunities,andraiseincomelevels.

However,portsandterminals,especiallycontainerterminals,cancauseshipmentdelays,disruptionsinsupplychain,additionalexpenses,andreducedcompetitiveness.Thenegativeeffectofpoorperformanceinaportcanextendbeyondthethatport'shinterlandtoothersascontainershippingservicesfollowafixedschedulewithspecificberthwindowsateachportofcallontheroute.Therefore,poorperformanceatoneportcoulddisrupttheentireschedule.This,inturn,increasesthecostofimportsandexports,reducesthecompetitivenessofthecountryanditshinterland,andhinderseconomicgrowthandpovertyreduction.Theconsequencesareparticularlysignificantforlandlockeddevelopingcountries(LLDCs)andsmallislanddevelopingstates(SIDS).

Comparingoperationalperformanceacrossportshasbeenamajorchallengeforimprovingglobalvaluechainsduetothelackofareliable,consistent,andcomparablebasis.Despitethedatacollectedbymodernportsforperformancepurposes,thequality,consistency,andavailabilityofdata,aswellasthedefinitionsusedandthecapacityandwillingnessoforganizationstotransmitdatatoacollatingbody,havehinderedthedevelopmentofacomparablemeasure(s)forassessingperformanceacrossportsandtime.However,newtechnologies,increaseddigitalization,andindustryinterests'willingnesstoworkcollectivelytowardsystemwideimprovementsnowprovideanopportunitytomeasureandcomparecontainerportperformanceinarobustandreliablemanner.TheWorldBank'sTransportGlobalPracticeandtheGlobalIntelligence&AnalyticsdivisionofS&PGlobalMarketIntelligencehavecollaboratedtoproducethefourtheditionoftheContainerPortPerformanceIndex(CPPl),presentedinthistechnicalpaper.

TheaimoftheCPPlistopinpointareasforenhancementthatcanultimatelybenefitallpartiesinvolved,rangingfromshippinglinestonationalgovernmentsandconsumers.Itisdesignedtoactasapointofreferenceforimportantstakeholdersintheglobaleconomy,includingportauthoritiesandoperators,nationalgovernments,supranationalorganizations,developmentagencies,variousmaritimeinterests,andotherpublicandprivatestakeholdersintrade,logistics,andsupplychainservices.ThedevelopmentoftheCPPIrestsontotalcontainershipinporttimeinthemannerexplainedinsubsequentsectionsofthereport,andasinearlieriterationsoftheCPPI.Thisfourthiterationutilizesdataforthefullcalendaryearof2023.Itcontinuesthechangeintroducedlastyearofonlyincluding

1|EXECUTIVESUMMARY

portsthathadaminimumof24validportcallswithinthe12-monthperiodofthestudy.ThenumberofportsincludedintheCPPI2023is405.AsinearlieriterationsoftheCPPl,theproductionoftherankingemploystwodifferentmethodologicalapproaches,anadministrative,ortechnical,approach,apragmaticmethodologyreflectingexpertknowledgeandjudgment;andastatisticalapproach,usingfactoranalysis(FA),ormoreaccuratelymatrixfactorization.Therationaleforusingtwoapproacheswastotryandensurethattherankingofcontainerportperformancereflectsascloselyaspossibleactualportperformance,whilstalsobeingstatisticallyrobust.

AstherehadbeenamarkedimprovementinconsistencybetweentherankingsresultingfromthetwoapproachessincetheinauguralCPPI2020,forCPPI2023,thesametwomethodologicalapproacheswereused.Inaddition,therankaggregationmethodisemployedagaintocombinetheresultsandreturnoneaggregateranking.Theconstructionofthestatisticalandadministrativeapproaches,theaggregationmethodologyandtheresultingrankingisdetailedinthereport,whiletherespectiverankingsoftheformeraredetailedinAppendixA.TableE.1presentstheresultingCPPI2023.

Thetop-rankedcontainerportsintheCPPI2023areYangshanPort(China)infirstplace,followedbythePortofSalalah(Oman)insecondplace,retainingtheirrankingfromtheCPPI2022.ThirdplaceintheCPPI2023isoccupiedbytheportofCartagena,upfrom5"placeintheCPPI2022,whilstTangier-Mediterraneanretainsits4hplaceranking.TanjungPelepasimprovedonepositionto5",Ningbomovedupfrom12hin2022to7in2023,andPortSaidmovedfrom16hto10hin2023.Portsmovingintheotherdirectioninthetopten:Khalifaportfallsfrom30positionin2022to29mpositioninCPPI2023.HamadPortwhichfellfrom8thin2022to11hin2023.

PortName

OverallRanking

VISAKHAPATNAM

19

YEOSU

20

TIANJIN

21

YANTIAN

22

TANJUNGPRIOK

23

LIANYUNGANG

24

SHEKOU

25

CALLAO

26

MUNDRA

27

PORTKLANG

28

KHALIFAPORT

29

KINGABDULLAHPORT

30

XIAMEN

31

BUSAN

32

GEMLIK

33

BARCELONA

34

DAMMAM

35

SAVONA-VADO

36

TABLEE.1·TheCPPI2023:GlobalRankingofContainerPorts

PortName

OverallRanking

YANGSHAN

1

SALALAH

2

CARTAGENA(COLOMBIA)

3

TANGER-MEDITERRANEAN

4

TANJUNGPELEPAS

5

CHIWAN

6

CAIMEP

7

GUANGZHOU

8

YOKOHAMA

9

ALGECIRAS

10

HAMADPORT

11

NINGBO

12

MAWAN

13

DALIAN

14

HONGKONG

15

PORTSAID

16

SINGAPORE

17

KAOHSIUNG

18

EXECUTIVESUMMARY|2

PortName

OverallRanking

PUERTOLIMON

79

CHENNAI

80

WILMINGTON(USA-NCAROLINA)

81

MARSAXLOKK

82

ZHOUSHAN

83

SOUTHAMPTON

84

OSAKA

85

HAIFA

86

AQABA

87

BREMERHAVEN

88

SANTACRUZDETENERIFE

89

MALAGA

90

ROTTERDAM

91

NEWYORK&NEWJERSEY

92

JOHOR

93

POINTE-A-PITRE

94

YOKKAICHI

95

JAWAHARLALNEHRUPORT

96

CORONEL

97

TRIPOLI(LEBANON)

98

JACKSONVILLE

99

ALTAMIRA

100

TANJUNGPERAK

101

COLON

102

PARANAGUA

103

PIRAEUS

104

OSLO

105

BERBERA

106

RIOGRANDE(BRAZIL)

107

HALIFAX

108

TALLINN

109

SANANTONIO

110

CATLAl

111

WELLINGTON

112

SHANTOU

113

FORT-DE-FRANCE

114

DANANG

115

SHANGHAl

116

HAKATA

117

IZMIR

118

QINGDAO

119

SIAMSEAPORT

120

PortName

OverallRanking

POSORJA

37

FUZHOU

38

ZEEBRUGGE

39

COLOMBO

40

PIPAVAV

41

RIODEJANEIRO

42

KHALIFABINSALMAN

43

BUENAVENTURA

44

LAEMCHABANG

45

SHIMIZU

46

KAMARAJAR

47

INCHEON

48

JEBELALI

49

LAZAROCARDENAS

50

AARHUS

51

DACHANBAYTERMINALONE

52

CHARLESTON

53

TOKYO

54

PHILADELPHIA

55

NAGOYA

56

KATTUPALLI

57

JEDDAH

58

JUBAIL

59

QINZHOU

60

KARACHI

61

KEELUNG

62

COCHIN

63

KOBE

64

PORTEVERGLADES

65

SOHAR

66

SALVADOR

67

HAZIRA

68

LONDON

69

HAIPHONG

70

KRISHNAPATNAM

71

WILHELMSHAVEN

72

BEIRUT

73

MIAMI

74

BOSTON(USA)

75

ANTWERP

76

DILISKELESI

77

ITAPOA

78

3|EXECUTIVESUMMARY

PortName

OverallRanking

HAMBURG

121

SOKHNA

122

SHARJAH

123

VERACRUZ

124

PUERTOBARRIOS

125

TAICHUNG

126

MOJI

127

VIGO

128

YARIMCA

129

NAHA

130

PORTAKDENIZ

131

SAIGON

132

BATANGAS

133

LISBON

134

SINES

135

LASPALMAS

136

SANJUAN

137

CHULAI

138

KLAIPEDA

139

OMAEZAKI

140

SANTAMARTA

141

VALENCIA

142

CEBU

143

BORUSAN

144

SUAPE

145

MUHAMMADBINQASIM

146

RIOHAINA

147

QUANZHOU

148

CORK

149

TANJUNGEMAS

150

VALPARAISO

151

CAGAYANDEORO

152

BARRANQUILLA

153

MUUGAHARBOUR

154

CHIBA

155

FREDERICIA

156

LIMASSOL

157

ALDUQM

158

HIBIKINADA

159

LIRQUEN

160

SHUAIBA

161

BURGAS

162

PortName

OverallRanking

HELSINGBORG

163

PUERTOBOLIVAR(ECUADOR)

164

SAGUNTO

165

MOGADISCIO

166

NEWORLEANS

167

KOMPONGSOM

168

BAR

169

SANTOTOMASDECASTILLA

170

DUNKIRK

171

ALEXANDRIA(EGYPT)

172

MOBILE

173

TARRAGONA

174

PUERTOPROGRESO

175

PAPEETE

176

NORRKOPING

177

PUERTOCORTES

178

PECEM

179

BASSETERRE

180

GUSTAVIA

181

FELIXSTOWE

182

GIOIATAURO

183

PYEONGTAEK

184

ARRECIFEDELANZAROTE

185

PANJANG

186

GENERALSANMARTIN

187

QUYNHON

188

BALTIMORE(USA)

189

RAUMA

190

RAVENNA

191

HUELVA

192

CAUCEDO

193

MUARA

194

LAGUAIRA

195

LATAKIA

196

CONAKRY

197

COPENHAGEN

198

SHIBUSHI

199

CIVITAVECCHIA

200

BELLBAY

201

LARVIK

202

BRIDGETOWN

203

GlJON

204

EXECUTIVESUMMARY|4

PortName

OverallRanking

MARIEL

247

TRABZON

248

GOTHENBURG

249

YANGON

250

GAVLE

251

GRANGEMOUTH

252

NASSAU

253

GHAZAOUET

254

BARI

255

MANAUS

256

KOTKA

257

NOVOROSSIYSK

258

CALDERA(COSTARICA)

259

BLUFF

260

SAINTJOHN

261

NANTES-STNAZAIRE

262

BATUMI

263

TIMARU

264

ZARATE

265

PORTOFSPAIN

266

GENERALSANTOS

267

NELSON

268

BUENOSAIRES

269

VENICE

270

BATA

271

GDYNIA

272

BANGKOK

273

TAKORADI

274

KUANTAN

275

AMBARLI

276

RIGA

277

HUENEME

278

DAVAO

279

NEMRUTBAY

280

KOTAKINABALU

281

UMMQASR

282

SEPETIBA

283

SAMSUN

284

NOUMEA

285

ENSENADA

286

VILADOCONDE

287

AGADIR

288

PortName

OverallRanking

POINTLISASPORTS

205

PLOCE

206

TARTOUS

207

SHUWAIKH

208

CADIZ

209

TEESPORT

210

FERROL

211

PHILIPSBURG

212

CASTELLON

213

HELSINKI

214

BREST

215

KRISTIANSAND

216

BORDEAUX

217

SALERNO

218

PORTTAMPABAY

219

PORTAUPRINCE

220

CASTRIES

221

OITA

222

HERAKLION

223

HONOLULU

224

VOLOS

225

FREETOWN

226

SUBICBAY

227

SONGKHLA

228

PUERTOQUETZAL

229

BILBAO

230

PARAMARIBO

231

NGHISON

232

RADES

233

APRAHARBOR

234

NEWMANGALORE

235

CRISTOBAL

236

ADEN

237

ALICANTE

238

BIGCREEK

239

VARNA

240

PALERMO

241

SYAMAPRASADMO0KERJEEPORT

242

PAITA

243

MALABO

244

ANCONA

245

SEVILLE

246

5|EXECUTIVESUMMARY

PortName

OverallRanking

PORTMORESBY

289

LEIXOES

290

KUCHING

291

OTAGOHARBOUR

292

VLISSINGEN

293

SANTOS

294

PUERTOCABELLO

295

LIVERPO0L(UNITEDKINGDOM)

296

CATANIA

297

GEORGETOWN(GUYANA)

298

PENANG

299

TOAMASINA

300

PORTOFVIRGINIA

301

DUBLIN

302

NAMIBE

303

PORTVICTORIA

304

ONNE

305

LIVORNO

306

MAYOTTE

307

BELAWAN

308

LAGOS(NIGERIA)

309

MANILA

310

MELBOURNE

311

HOUSTON

312

SANVICENTE

313

BALBOA

314

GUAYAQUIL

315

ARICA

316

KHOMS

317

LOME

318

GENOA

319

PORTREUNION

320

SANPEDRO(COTED'IVOIRE)

321

MAZATLAN

322

TURBO

323

PORTBOTANY

324

MAPUTO

325

LAE

326

THESSALONIKI

327

MOMBASA

328

LASPEZIA

329

CORINTO

330

PortName

OverallRanking

MANZANILLO(MEXICO)

331

CA