高考英语一轮总复习高效备考新模式第二部分狠抓基础语法5.名词课件新人教版

名词名词概念：表示人、事物、地点和抽象概念名称的词：Mary,knife,America,advice知识网络nut,port,theme,chapter,disaster,track,factor不可数名

词可数名词group,team,class,family,audience,crowd,majority人名、地名、组织名、国家名等：Kate,London,China,theGreatWall普通名词名词分类专有名词个体名词集体名词

cattle,people,(the)policeoxygen,air,honey,butterpride,justice,pressure,confidence抽象名词物质名词名词单复数不可数名词：无复数；前面不可直接加a,an或数词；表数量用apieceof之类的结构可数名词:

单→复f(e)→ves：thief,wife,housewife,shelf,knife,leaf,wolf,loaf,self,half,life直接加s:roof,proof,belief,chief,safe,chef,giraffef→ves或直接加s:handkerchief,scarff(e)结尾以o结尾加s:kangaroo,bamboo,zoo,photo,piano,studio加es:hero,potato,tomato可数名词:

单→复名词单复数不规则变化可数名词:

单→复名词单复数其他：phenomenon→phenomena,ox→oxen,mouse→mice,child→children单复同行：series,means,species,sheep,deer,fish,Chineseoo→ee：tooth,foot,gooseman→men:

spokesman,spokeswomanium/ion→ia:bacterium,medium,criterion名词所有格有生命的人或动物：Jim’scat,theteachers’office,TomandKate’steacher时间、距离、国家、城市、金额、重量等：today’snews,England’sshore无生命的东西：thecoverofthebook,thetitleofthenovelof’s双重所有格aplayofShakespeare’s,afriendofmywife’s只接可数名词复数：both,several,few,many,various,dozensof,anumberof,eachof,oneof只接不可数名词：much,little(少),abitof,agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰可数或不可数名词：some,any,plentyof,lotsof,alargequantityof,quantitiesof,massesof名词修饰语作主语（谓语动词前）：His_____________(achieve)earnedhimrespect.作宾语动词后：Hegavea____________(describe)ofwhathehadseen.介词后：Weneedfoodandwaterfor________(survive).descriptionsurvivalachievements名词句法作用

scientistI’ma_________(science)whostudiesanimals.

做表语(系动词后)注意：在冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、不定代词等后要用名词语法填空

在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2021全国甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand_____________(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.watchtowers真题回顾因被different修饰，故用复数形式，且前文的gates也有提示。Activities由谓语动词range可知主语应用复数形式。位于句首，首字母应大写。humans由are可知，此处应用复数形式。requirement由空前的不定冠词a可知，空格处应填名词，故填requirement；professions由空前的most可知，要用复数形式，故填professions。5.(2018全国Ⅰ卷)

Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalso

madeastudy…

thatshowedamere5to10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall_________(cause).causes由前面的all可知，要用复数形式。6.(2017全国Ⅰ卷)Thistrend,…,hashadsomeunintendedside________(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease…effects由前面的修饰语some可知，effect应用复数effects；另外，从suchas所举的例子

overweightandheartdisease(肥胖和心脏疾病)也可看出，不止一种副作用(sideeffects)。7.(2017全国Ⅱ卷)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible_________(crowd)ontheroads…8.(2017全国Ⅲ卷)Shehasturneddownseveral__________(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.invitationscrowds由前面的several可知，要填其复数形式invitations。因crowd意为“人群”，是可数名词，由ontheroads可知，此处表示不同道路上的不同人群，故填其复数形式crowds。9.(2016全国Ⅰ卷)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew______(day)withhissister…10.(2021全国乙卷)Itallows…andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe____________(develop)ofthelocalareas.developmentdays在冠词the与介词of之间应填名词，表示“发展”。由空格前的修饰语few，可知填day的复数形式days。11.(2018全国Ⅱ卷)Thisswitchhasdecreased_________(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.12.(2016全国Ⅲ卷)Confuciusinfluencedthe__________(develop)ofchopsticks.pollution作动词decreased的宾语，用名词，故填pollution。development作influenced的宾语用名词，或者说在the后用名词。13.(2020全国Ⅲ卷)

Filledwith___________(curious),

theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.14.(2020全国Ⅰ卷)

Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular___________(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moresothanthefamiliarnearside.curiosity作介词with的宾语，用名词，故填curiosity。interest根据空前形容词particular可知，空格处应填名词，且此处应为“be+of+n.”结构，相当于“be+adj.”，故填interest。15.(2017全国Ⅱ卷)

Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe_____________(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.introduction作介词(with)

的宾语或者在冠词the后要用名词，表示“采用，引入”，故填introduction。representative该空在句中作主语，且前面有不定冠词修饰，

用名词，再根据语境可知，回信的主体应是“人(代表)”，故填representative。17.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)

Historical___________(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.18.(2020全国Ⅱ卷)

ChineseNewYearisa___________(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.celebrationaccuracy由空前的不定冠词a可知，空格处应填名词，故填celebration。根据空前形容词Historical可知，空格处应填名词，故填accuracy。19.(2018全国Ⅲ卷)

MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma_________(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.20.(2016全国Ⅰ卷)Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop___________(attract).scientist根据句意及空格前的a可知，此处填名词，表示“科学家”，故填scientist。attraction在“形容词性物主代词(its)+形容词(top)”后应填名词，attraction指“吸引人的事物”。考点：名词的用法在语法填空中年年必考。

考过的考点有：1.可数名词数量大于1时是要用复数形式的。如上述语法填空第1~9题，将括号中所给可数名词的单数形式改为复数形式。常见的修饰语有：different,

many,

several,

few,some,all,both等。2.名词的句法作用：(4)作表语，如上述第18~20题。(1)作动词的宾语，如上述第10~12题；(2)作介词的宾语，如上述第13~15题；(3)作主语，如上述第16~17题；语法填空

在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.Ourfindingssuggestthatall___________(individual)regardlessof

personalitytraitscouldbenefitfrombeingrealonsocialmedia.individuals模拟操练前有all修饰，其后的可数名词要用复数形式。根据修饰语判断名词单复数2.DavidCrystal,oneoftheworld’sleadinglanguage________(expert),arguesthattheusageoffullstopsisbeingrevisedinareallyfundamentalway.3.ThefestivalisviewedastheendtoaseriesofNewYear______________(celebration)andiscelebratedwiththereleaseoffloatingandflyinglanterns.experts由oneof可知，要用名词的复数形式。celebrations前有aseriesof(一系列)修饰，故用名词的复数形式。4.In2016,WangwidelysharedtheWildforLifeCampaign,reaching50million_________(viewer).5.Alipayachievedthisremarkablesuccessbymotivatingitsuserstochoosefromvariouslow-carbon_________(option)intheirdailylives…viewers因有50million修饰，故用名词的复数形式。options前有various修饰，要用名词的复数形式。breakthroughs因受plentyof修饰，故填复数形式。years前有thousandsof修饰，故用名词的复数形式。8.Alargepercentageofthepopulation:merchants,students,

artists,

anddiplomats,

camefromother___________(country),

andthecityservedasthemodelforthedesignoftheancientcapitalsofKoreaandJapan.countries因other前无限定词，其后的可数名词必用复数形式。9.Recentstudiesshowphysicalactivitycanimprovebrainfunctionaswellascalmthemindandbody,atatimewhenanxietyamong___________(teenager)isatrecordlevels.10.However,

aftersome_____________(adjust)offragrantspices,thisonepotmealbecameapopulardishinSichuanregion.adjustmentsteenagers作介词after的宾语应用名词adjustment，前有some修饰，故应用名词的复数形式。由among可知，应用可数名词的复数形式。11.Acashierwhohasachangingseaof__________(customer)everydaywillonlyremembernamesforashortamountoftime.customers因aseaof(许多；大量)后的可数名词要用复数形式，所以customer要用复数。12.However,safety__________(problem)arise.13.Cuju_________(match)wereoftenheldinsidetheimperialpalace.problems由谓语动词arise可知，主语是复数。matches谓语wereheld是复数，根据主谓一致原则可知，主语也是复数。根据主谓一致判断14.Second,thereexistidiomatic_________(method)ofsayingsomethingspecificinChinesebutitisextremelyhardforustoputitintoEnglishproperly.15.________(study)haveshownthatlowlevelsofthosechemicalsmighthavethesameeffectsasBPA.methods因thereexist是therebe的变体，而exist是复数，根据主谓一致原则，可知method(方法)也用复数。Studies由谓语haveshown可知主语是复数。16.Later,_______(letter)appeared.However,itwouldtakethemdaysorevenweekstoreachtheirdestinations.17.Themostwidelyobservedactivitiesreflectedafocusonhandwriting,

suchasteachers

remindingchildrentowritetheir_______(name)onartwork,describingtheprocedureforcreatingaletter,signinginandtracing(描摹)something.letters由下文的them可知，此处用名词的复数形式。names由children及their可知应用复数形式。根据上下文判断festivalscolours由空前“四季的开始”可知，有四个节日，故festival要用复数festivals。由空后“树木从深绿色变成深红色”可知，colour要用复数。20.Theyaregoodrunnersandcanrunforseveralhoursincoldweatherconditions,sotheycansometimesescapefrom__________(wolf),

theirmainpredators(捕食者),easily.wolves空后theirmainpredators(捕食者)是补充说明wolf的同位语，由predators可知，wolf要用复数。21.Heused________(shade)ofwhite,grey,andbrownfortheboat,makingitlookalmostlikeaghostship.shades因作used的宾语，用名词，而shade(颜色；色度)本身就是名词且为可数名词，可考虑用复数形式，由空后的

ofwhite,grey,andbrown可以肯定，不止一种，必用复数。22.TomanyChinese,playingtraditionalChinesemusical____________(instrument),

suchastheguzhengorerhu,mayseemabitold-fashioned.instruments由空后suchas所举的例子或常识可知，中国传统乐器不止一种，故用复数形式。children由常识可知，会把长袜挂在壁炉上让圣诞老人把礼物放进去的孩子不止一个，故用名词的复数形式。此处，由谓语动词hang也可得出答案。根据常识判断24.Thesoundoftheocean,thesmellofaforestandthewaysunlightdancesthrough________(leaf)helpustorelaxandthinkmoreclearly.25.Inthecenturiesthatfollowed,___________(European)startedmovingtoNorthAmerica.leaves由常识可知，阳光穿过树叶，树叶肯定不只一片，故用复数。Europeans由常识可知，开始移居到北美的欧洲人，肯定不止一个，故填Europeans。participants可数名词participant前无冠词和人称代词，应用复数形式，表示泛指。根据可数名词用法判断challenges因可数名词challenge前面没有冠词，要用复数形式，泛指各种挑战。29.Afterwards,thegroupwilltaketraining________(class)withprofessionalfootballcoachesfromSpain.30.Andoneofhissongs,

LettheWorldBeFilledwithLove,hasenjoyedgreatpopularityalloverthecountryfor_________(decade).classes由后文的coaches(教练不止一个)和常识可知，培训课不止一节；可数名词class前没有冠词或别的限定词，class要用复数，表示泛指。decades因fordecades(几十年来)是固定词组，类似的还有foryears(多年来)。其实，也可以根据可数名词前没有限定词要用复数表示泛指的规则进行判断。31.Whenchoosingacareer,youshouldthinkaboutwhatmotivatesyouandmakesome___________(decision)accordingly.32.Thestudentsmovedthemortaronto________(piece)ofwoodandthenaddedbricksandblockstoformwalls.decisions由固定词组makeadecision(做决定)可知，makesome后的decision应用复数。pieces因piece是可数名词，前面没有a，应当用复数；piecesof表示“一块块”。33.TheyoungChineseartist’sfreshdesignenjoyedgreat__________(popular)intheoldItalianstore.popularity作动词

enjoyed

的宾语，用名词，enjoyedgreatpopularity表示“广受欢迎”。名词的用法survival在形容词longterm(长期的)后应用名词，survival表示“生活，存活”时是不可数名词。35.Asthenamesuggests,SichuanHotPotwasborninSichuanProvince,whichisknownforits___________(prefer)forspicyfood.36.Shapedlikehumanheads,

thesestructures,

whichwerecarvedbyancientpeople,

rangein_______(high)fromabout3-5to12meters.preference在形容词性物主代词its后应用名词。height作介词in的宾语用名词，表示“高度”。society前有名词所有格today’s修饰，故用名词。protection作介词of的宾语用名词，或者说在形容词environmental后用名词。39.

Wecanenableourselvestoridethewindsofthestormthatbringsickness,tragedy,_______(fail)anddisappointmentinourlives.40.WithmoreandmoretouristsvisitingShenhoueveryday,Fanhasthe____________(confident)thatJunporcelainwillgaingreaterpopularityinthefuture.failure由空格前后的sickness,tragedy,anddisappointment可知，用名词形式。confidence由前面的定冠词可知，空格处应填名词。41.ThereisstillaneedforpetfostersacrosstheUS,soifyouareinterested,youshouldcontactananimalshelterorrescuenearyouwithout___________(hesitate).42.Itstressesthe______________(express)ofemotionswhilebeingamentalexercisetoanartistwhocoordinates(协调)thebodyandthemindtoselectthebeststylingforthepresentationofthepassagecontent.hesitation在介词后应用名词作宾语，withouthesitation表示“毫不犹豫”。expression在冠词the和介词of之间，应填名词，表示“情绪的表达”。43.________(art)fromsouthwesternChina’sChongqingpresentedtheWellingtonaudiencewithSichuanOperaP