2022年下半年英语二级笔译综合能力真题解析-回忆版

2022年下半年英语二级笔译综合能力真题及答案解析-回忆版Section1VocabularyandGrammar1.(选词填空)Themanagementbecameincreasingly______theenhancementoffuturerevenues.A.preoccupiedwithB.fascinatedbyC.intrudedonD.attachedto答案：A解析：选项词义。preoccupywith意为“全神贯注于......”；fascinateby意为“被迷住”；intrudeon意为“打扰，介入，干涉”；attachto意为“依附，附属，加入”。原句的意思是“管理层越来越____未来收入的提高”，结合上下文语境，A选项“preoccupiedwith”是最合适的。句子大意：管理层越来越专注于未来收入的提高。2.(同义替换)Donotrelyonthirstdetermineyourlevelofneedforwater,youmaynotfeelthirstyuntilaserious(deficit)occurs.A.shortageB.demandC.deficiencyD.scarcity3.(同义替换)Thepresenceof(scum),thatgreasyfilmaroundthewalls,isafairindicationofaswimmingpool'scleanliness--orlackofit.A.frothB.foamC.fluidD.filth1答案：D解析：选项词义。froth意为“泡沫；泡沫状物”；foam意为“泡沫橡胶；海绵橡胶”；fluid意为“液体；流体；液”；filth意为“污物；污秽；下流言辞；淫秽书刊”。原文中的“scum”的意思是“浮沫；浮垢；浮渣”；而后面也做了更详细的解释，是指“墙壁周围那层油腻的薄膜”，也就是脏的东西，所以filth与scum意义更相符。故D选项正确。句子大意：(浮垢)的存在，即墙壁周围油腻的薄膜，是检测游泳池是不是清洁干净的合理象征。22.(同义替换)Itseldomrains,butwhenitdoes,itrainswith(withavengeance).A.intermittentlyB.steadilyC.constantlyD.heavily答案：D的意思是“猛烈地，极度地”，只有D选项的heavily是表示程度很重，和withavengeance意思最接近，所以D选项为正确答案。句子大意：天很少下雨，但只要一下雨，就下得很猛。Section2ReadingComprehension阅读2SupersizesurpriseAskanyonewhythereisanobesityepidemicandtheywilltellyouthatit’salldowntoeatingtoomuchandburningtoofewcalories.Thatexplanationappealstocommonsenseandhasdominatedeffortstogettotherootoftheobesityepidemicandreverseityet.Manynowbelievethatsomethingelsemusthavechangedinourenvironmenttoprecipitate(促成)suchdramaticrisesinobesityoverthepast40yearsorso.Nobodyissayingthatthe“bigtwo”–reducedphysicalactivityandincreasedavailabilityoffood–arenotimportantcontributorstotheepidemic,buttheycannotexplainitall.Earlierthisyearareviewpaperby20obesityexpertssetoutthemostplausible2alternativeexplanationsfortheepidemic.Heretheyare.1.NotenoughsleepCouldashortageofshut-eyealsobehelpingtomakeusfat?Severallarge-scalestudiessuggesttheremaybealink.Peoplewhosleeplessthan7hoursanighttendtohaveahigherbodymassindexthanpeoplewhosleepmore,accordingtodatagatheredbytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey.Similarly,theUSNurses’HealthStudy,whichtracked68,000womenfor16years,foundthatthosewhosleptanaverageof5hoursanightgainedmoreweightduringthestudyperiodthanwomenwhoslept6hours,whointurngainedmorethanwhosewhoslept7.It’swellknownthatobesityimpairssleep,soperhapspeoplegetfatfirstandsleeplessafterwards.Butthenurses’studysuggeststhatitcanworkintheotherdirectiontoo:sleeplossmayprecipitateweightgain.Althoughgettingfiguresisdifficult,itappearsthatwereallyaresleepingless.In1960peopleintheUSsleptanaverageof8.5hourspernight.A2002pollbytheNationalSleepFoundationsuggeststhattheaveragehasfallentounder7hours,andthedeclineismirroredbytheincreaseinobesity.2.ClimatecontrolWehumans,likeallwarm-bloodedanimals,cankeepourcorebodytemperaturesprettymuchconstantregardlessofwhat’sgoingonintheworldaroundus.Wedothisbyalteringourmetabolic(新陈代新的)rate,shiveringorsweating.Keepingwarmandstayingcooltakeenergyunlessweareinthe“thermo-neutralzone”,whichisincreasinglywherewechoosetoliveandwork.Thereisnodenyingthatambienttemperatures(环境温度)havechangedinthepastfewdecades.Between1970and2000,theaverageBritishhomewarmedfromachilly13Cto18C.IntheUS,thechangeshavebeenattheotherendofthethermometerastheproportionofhomeswithairconditioningsrosefrom23%to47%between1978and1997.Inthesouthernstates–whereobesityratestendtobehighest–thenumberofhouseswithairconditioninghasshotupto71%from37%in1978.Couldairconditioninginsummerandheatinginwinterreallymakeadifferencetoourweight?Sadly，thereissomeevidencethatitdoes-atleastwithregardtoheating.Studiesshowthatincomfortabletemperaturesweuselessenergy.3.LesssmokingBadnews:smokersreallydotendtobethinnerthantherestofus,andquittingreallydoespackonthepounds,thoughnooneisnsurewhy.Itprobablyhassomethingtodowiththefactthatnicotineisanappetitesuppressantandappearstoupyourmetabolicrate.KatherineFlegalandcolleagresattheUSNationalCenterforHealthStatisticsinHyattsville,Maryland,havecalculatedthatpeoplekickingthehabithavebeenrespousibleforasmallbutsignificantportionoftheUSepidemicoffatness.Fromdatacollectedaroud1991bytheUSNationalHealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey,theyworkedoutthatpeoplewhohadquitinthepreviousdecadeweremuchmorelikelytobeoverweightthansmokersandpeoplewhohadnever3smoked.Amongmen,forexample,nearlyhalfofquitterswereoverweightcomparedwith37%ofnon-smokersandonly28%ofsmokers.4.GeneticeffectsYourschancesofbecomingfatmaybeset,atleastinpart,beforeyouwereevenborn.childrenofboesemothersaremuchmorelikelytobecomeobestthemselveslaterinlife.Offspringofmicefedahigh-fatdietduringpregnancyaremuchmorelikelytobecomefatthantheoffspringofidenticalmicefedanormaldiet.Intriguingly,theeffectpersistsfortwoorthreegenerations.Grand-childrenofmicefedahigh-fatdietgrowupfateveniftheirownmotherisfednormally-soyoufatemayhavebeensealedevenbeforeyouwereconceived.ittleolderSomegroupsofpeoplejusthappentobefatterthanothers.surveyscarriedoutbytheUSnationalcenterforhealthstatistiesfoundthatadultsaged40to79werearoundthreetimesaslikelytobeobeseasyoungerpeople.non-whitefemalesalsotendtofallatthefatterendofthespectreum:Mexican-americanwomenare30%morelikelythanwhitewomentobeobsess,andblackwomenhavetwicetherisk.IntheUS,thesegroupsaccountforanincreasingpercentageofthepopulation.between1970and2000theUSpopulationaged35to44grewby43%.theproportionofHispanic-americansalsogrew,fromunder5%to12.5%ofthepopulation,whiletheproportionofblackAmericansincreasedfrom11%to12.3%.thesechangesmayaccountinpartfortheincreasedprevalenceofobesity.6.maturemumsMothersaroundtheworldaregettingolder.intheUK,themeanageforavingafristchildis27.3,comparedwith23.7in1970.meanageatfristbirthintheUShasalsoincreased,risingfrom21.4in1970to24.9in2000.Thiswouldbeneitherherenorthereifitwere’tfortheobservationthathavinganoldermotherseemstobeanindependentriskfactorforobesity.ResultsfromtheUSnationalheart,lungandbloodinstitute’sstudyfoundthattheoddsofachildbeingobeseincrease14%foreveryfiveextrayearsoftheirmother’sage,thoughwhythisshouldbesoisnotentirelyclear.MichaelSymondsattheuniversityofNottingham,UK,foundthatfirst-bronchildrenhavemorefatthanyoungerones.Asfamilysizedecreases,firstbronsaccountforagreathershareofth