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6月阅讀SectionB
Directions:
Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron
AnswerSheet2
withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions51to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.
TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.
AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."
Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue(不停积累)tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry(公民).Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.
注意:此部分试題請在答題卡2上作答。
52.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?
A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.
B)IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.
C)ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.
D)ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.
53.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?
A)TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.
B)TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.
C)ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.
D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.
54.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?
A)ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.
B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.
C)TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.
D)Childrenneedcontinuouscare.
55.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare?
A)Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth
B)Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents
C)Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.
D)Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.
56.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?
A)Itisregardedasalegalobligation.
B)Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.
C)Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.
D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.PassageTwo
Questions57to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,andastudyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere'snoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,BarackObamaassembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityoflifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.AsthenationmovesfurtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?
ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriteranddancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofinishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowait[until]15yearsfrom
now"tomakesenseoftheworld.
HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditsthisyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthtotheirembraceoftechnology."[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking,"hesays,"andgroupsthatarelike-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether."That'sexactlywhattheGenerationObloggersarehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroupofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer(二战後生育高峰期出生的美国人)parents,growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy(冷漠)they'veinheritedfromGenerationX(60年代後期和70年代出生的美国人).It'snosmallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary—ifambitious—youngpeople,butthemembersofGenerationOareuptothetask.
注意:此部分试題請在答題卡2上作答。
57.WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE?
A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.
B)Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.
C)YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.
D)YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.
58.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGenerationO?
A)HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations.
B)WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.
C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.
D)HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.
59.WhatwilltheGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?
A)TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.
B)PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.
C)Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.
D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency.
60.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessorHenryFlores?
A)Theirembraceofradicalideas.
B)TheirdesiretochangeAmerica.
C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.
D)Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility.
61.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?
A)Theyarepoliticallyconservative.
B)Theyrejectconventionalvalues.
C)Theydaretotakeupchallenges.6月阅讀答案SectionB
Passage1
52A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.
53D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.
54B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.
55B)Theyfailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents.
56D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.
Passage2
57A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.
58C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama’spolicy.
59D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama’spresidency.
60C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.
61D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.
12月阅讀SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromiseofscientificknowledge.Inaworldstrugglingwithrapidindustrialization,scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem.Newlycreatedstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevotedthemselvesalmostentirelytoscientific,technological,andengineeringfields.ManyAmericanscametobelievethatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsoreformpolitics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.AfterWorldWarⅡ,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.Americanscholarsfannedoutacrossmuchoftheworld—withsupportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbrightprogram,etc.—topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinanefforttomakethecasefordemocraticfreedoms.IntheAmericaofourowntime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecomeanefforttostrengthentheteachingofwhatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplines(science,technology,engineering,andmath).ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.India,China,Japan,andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanities—whilestillpopularinelitecollegesanduniversities—haveexperiencedasignificantdecline.Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves.Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembersatmostinstitutionsandareoftenlightlyregardedbecausetheydonotgenerategrantincomeandbecausetheyprovidenoobviouscredentials(资质)formostnonacademiccareers.UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmorescientistsandengineers.MuchoftheconcernamongpoliticiansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversitiestodayisfocusedontheabsenceof“realworld”education—whichmeanspreparationforprofessionalandscientificcareers.Buttheideathatinstitutionsortheirstudentsmustdecidebetweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Oursocietycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Butwewouldbeequallyimpoverished(贫困的)withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scienceandtechnologyteachuswhatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderstandwhatweshoulddo.Itisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextraordinaryachievementsofscientistsandengineersinbuildingourcomplicatedworld.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,andwestillneed,both.注意:此部分试題請在答題卡2上作答。52.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycould_______.[A]solvevirtuallyallexistingproblems[C]helpraisepeople’slivingstandards[B]quickenthepaceofindustrialization[D]promotethenation’ssocialprogress53.WhydidmanyAmericanscholarsbecomeenthusiasticabouthumanisticstudiesafterWorldWarⅡ?[A]Theywantedtoimprovetheirownstatuswithinthecurrenteducationsystem.[B]Theybelievedthestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudies.[C]Theycouldgetfinancialsupportfromvariousfoundationsforhumanisticstudies.[D]Theyrealizedscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.54.WhyareAmericanscholarsworriedabouteducationtoday?[A]TheSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.[B]SomeAsiancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicsciences.[C]AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.[D]Therearenotenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.55.Whataccountsforthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?[A]Insufficientfunding.[C]Shortageofdevotedfaculty.[B]Shrinkingenrollment.[D]Dimprospectsforgraduates.56.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportancetohumanisticstudies?[A]Theypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.[B]Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.[C]Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.[D]Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents’creativity.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstospare.Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(工匠)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth,”Einsteinwrotein1944.Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswellknown.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”注意:此部分试題請在答題卡2上作答。57.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?[A]Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.[B]ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.[C]NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.[D]ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.58.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?[A]Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.[B]Hisindependentandabstractthinking.[C]Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.[D]Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.59.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?[A]Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.[B]Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.[C]Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.[D]Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.60.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“...itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Lines1-2,Para.9)?[A]Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.[B]Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.[C]PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.[D]Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.61.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein_______.[A]forgottomakefootnotesandcitations[B]waslittleknowninacademiccircles[C]wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculations[D]knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapers12月阅讀答案PassageOne52)Asolvevirtuallyexistingallproblems细节題。抓住時间點“Intheearly2othcentury”我們從第一句“offersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem”便可懂得答案。选择A选项。53)DTheyrealizedthatscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.推论題。我們首先比较轻易排除A和C项。B项具有困惑性,关键是看“thestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudy”這個选项仔细看就會发現說得太绝對了,社會的問題重要是靠人文主义的研究?显然不是很恰當。我們從下面那句也可以推断出选D比较恰當。“TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.”54)CAmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMSdisciplines.细节題。重要在第二段裏找答案。從段落後两句“ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.”我們可以推断出是选C选项。A和D选项比较轻易排除。不选B选项,由于文章中“India,China,Japan,andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.”seemto表明這几种国家只是有种趋势,但還没有haveovertaken。55)AInsufficientfunding.细节題。我們在第三段裏可以找到答案。從“…areseriouslyunderfunded…”“Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembers…”這些信息中,可以很快懂得是A选项。56)CHumanisticthinkinghelpscultivateanddefineourcultureandvalues.细节題。本題不难。作者為何如此著重人文主义的研究,其他三项都是非常详细的,且都不是重點。只有C选项符合。且我們從最终這一句“Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.”及作者的語气可以愈加确定是C选项。PassageTwo57.D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.解析:這道題针對開頭两节。A和C答案比较轻易排除,A說愛因斯坦把数學推到了一种极限,C說在未来的两百年都不會有物理學家超過愛因斯坦,這两個都明显不合文章大意。B答案說需要一种愛因斯坦才能建立一种大一统理论,属于過度推理,并且细节性太强了。D答案是對的答案,诸多同學不敢选D的原因是,由于有些科學家們认為愛因斯坦或許還没有诞生或許還是個小婴儿,他們认為這样一来就有也許愛因斯坦已經存在了。不過這句话裏面的愛因斯坦是代表伟大的科學家的意思,那么這個題目选择D就是對的的,大家都同意的是像愛因斯坦那样伟大的科學家還需要一定的時间才會出現。58.B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking解析:B他独立与抽象思维能力。這一段是文章中间部分的内容概括。根据上下文意思推断,愛因斯坦成功的原因,不能說是他在音乐方面的天分,也不能說他的努力或者他在数學方面的深厚基础,因此答案选择B。59.D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.解析:對的答案选择D。這段文章是在問今天的物理學家們的状况,A說他們缺乏分析能力,B說他們擅長处理实际問題,C說他們重视刊登文章,都是從根据文章细节中捏造出来的錯误选项。D是對于文章内容的一种總結概括,数量众多的物理學家進入了更有經济利益的领域。60.D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.解析:對的答案选择D。結合Greene讲的话,他說Whatanidea!還說是需要把頭往墙上撞的人才會相信能找到個处理方案呢!阐明内容实在是比较荒诞。61.B.waslittleknowninacademiccircles解析:對的答案选择B,說的是愛因斯坦在學术圈裏面默默無闻,跟原文裏面的“byavirtualunknown”相對应。有困惑性的选择项是D,由于文中提到了愛因斯坦的文章没有配上脚注和注释footnoteandcitations.不過D选择项是說,愛因斯坦不懂得论文的格式,這個属于過度推理了。12月阅讀題SectionBDirections:
Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron
AnswerSheet2
withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.What'stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate?
China"}India!Brazil!
Howabout
trade!WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.Butthere'sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession–
areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates
–
butaneconomicexpansion.Therisingvolumeoftrade–
moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates
–
isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,delivery,
and
logistics
(物流)
haveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssignifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets–
whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintrade-sensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice
–
agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM'sbalancesheet–
andhencemakesthejobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansare
payingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That'stobeexpected,givenwhatwe'vebeenthrough.Butthere'sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndia,orBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodothatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit'snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.Companiesandindividualswhodon'thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkets,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion'sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.注意:此部分试題請在答題卡2上作答。52.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?A)
ItreflectsAmericans'preferenceforimportedgoods.B)
ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.C)
ItistheresultofAmerica'sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.D)
Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.53.
Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?A)
ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased.B)
ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.C)
Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.D)
Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.54.
Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?A)
Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.B)
Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.C)
Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.D)
Retailersdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.55.
WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?A)
Competitionfromoverseas.
C)Slacktradeactivities.B)
People'sreluctancetospend.
D)Decreasingproductivity.56.
Whatistheauthor'sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?A)
Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.B)
Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.C)
Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.D)
Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.
PassageTwoQuestions57
to
61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ArecurringcriticismoftheUK'suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnew
knowledgeintonewproductsandservices.Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinstemcellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.We
shouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeyinthenationalinnovationsystem.However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercialisationactivity.Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK'spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldatamaskstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperformstronglyandtherestchasetheleaders.ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKandismirroredacross
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