完形填空解题技巧

完形填空

2017高考专题复习之完形填空

鹤壁高中陈致玲【考纲要求与说明】

完形填空全面考查学生在阅读理解基础之上运用词汇和语法的能力和水平。解题过程要求考生根据文章的整体内容，区分结构的层次和内容的逻辑关系，对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等进行解题。阅读过程中多注意体会作者的写作意图，加强分析推理能力。1.以叙为主,叙议结合;2.篇章短小,意义完整;3.首句完整,主题明确;4.结构清晰,层次分明;5.考查语境,侧重辨析;6.实词为主,虚词为辅;7.逻辑推理,隐于语篇;8.常识语法,经常出现。形散意不散貌离神不离【高考完型命题特点】年份体裁题材作者学习美式手语的经历及感受。运输司机冒险救援事故车辆。2017

记叙文2016

记叙文2015

记叙文（夹叙夹议）

奉献爱心，助人为乐。（赠人玫瑰，手留余香）【近三年全国卷体裁题材特点】【近三年全国卷考点分布】年份名词动词形容词副词连词短语其他20157题6题3题3题1题20164题4题2题1题3题4题1题20175题9题5题1题主要考查名词、动词、形容词、副词，占90%以上。

原词复现同义、近义复现

并列关系

转折关系

让步关系

解释关系语法项目较少考查

顺序关系

因果关系词汇手段语法手段

逻辑手段语篇信息（语境理解）考查内容…备战完形填空——能力必备一、快速阅读能力二、词汇辨析能力三、词汇搭配的理解能力四、逻辑推断能力五、运用常识能力六、揣测作者意图的能力技巧点拨1.注意上下文语境（context)

词汇复现、同现2.运用词义辨析

（comparison）3.掌握习惯搭配（phrases&idioms）4.掌握熟词生义（newmeanings）4.了解背景常识（commonsense）5.运用语法分析（grammaranalysis)跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意再读全文，反复检查结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破

完形填空的解题步骤把握整体具体分析1、跳读—领会大意（2－3分钟）

速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。完形填空解题三部曲:跳读---试填---复核

。2.试填---瞻前顾后上下求索(8-10分钟)先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。3复核----全面检查，确保语意连贯(2-3分钟)

试填后，要把全文再通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。词汇题1.复现同现词语复现词语复现是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一篇中重复出现。语篇中的句子通过复现关系达到相互衔接的目的，词语复现又可分为原词复现、同源词复现（又叫同根词复现）、同义或近义词复现（包括与近义词的同根词复现，如ill与sickness）、上下义词复现（即总括与分述，如food是bread、milk、rice等的上义词；r是flower的下义词）等。1.(2017全国卷I)Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.....Afterthat,feelingtheneedto__52___further,IdecidedtodropinononeofASLclub’smeetings.52.A.exercise B.exploreC.expressD.explain

原词,同根词重现.

2.(2015全国卷I)

Thenmy17-year-oldsuggestedgivinghima__47__.Ithoughtaboutit.Wewere__48(low)__oncashourselves,but……WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitfor__54(whatever)__hisfamilymightneed,heburstintotears.47.A.dollar B.job C.hotmeal D.giftcard

thegiftcard原词重现3.(广东卷)therearemanywaystopreventthisfromhappening:hangingaknifeoverthebaby'sheadwhilehesleptorcoveringhimwithsomeofhisfather'sclotherswerejusttwooftherecommended___27____.A.casesB.toolsC.stepsD.methods解析:methods与前文中的ways同义词复现

4.(2017全国卷II)Ihadadvisedthekidsthatwhileverbsmaybedull,mostofthe___50_thingstheydothroughouttheirliveswillbeverbs.50.A.simpleB.uniqueC.funD.clever

解析:fun与dull为反义词复现5.(2011四川卷)Wefellinlove.Inthebeginning,Ididn’twanttodiscuss_____,becausethesadnessoflosingMumstillfeltgreat.Paulunderstoodthatandneverpushedmebut,bysummer,wegotmarried.A.travelB.businessC.childrenD.marriage解析：marriage与文中的married属同根词复现。6.(湖北卷)hetaughtherhowtorelyonherother______,speciallyherhearing.....A.feelingB.organsC.skillsD.senses解析:senses为hearing的上义词复现7.Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadteacherthoughtIwas_____andwhenIwas14hesaid,“Youarenevergoingtobeanythingbutafailure.”A.bright

B.useless

C.simple

D.hopefulB利用首句信息8.Theschooldecidedthatwhenthedriveropenedboththefrontandbackdoor,studentswhoweregettingoffthebusshouldgetofffirst,andstudentswhoweregettingonshouldgeton____.

A.soonerB.laterC.fasterD.earlier

B

词语同现。词语同现：某些语义相关联的词语在语篇中共同出现的性，叫词语同现，也有人称之为“词场”。同现词之间有反义或相对关系，或者同类互补关系等。如：differentvssame,cruelvsfriendly,death&destruction9.Thesetellthestoryofamotherwhosebabygrows

andpale

…

A.sick

B.slim

C.short

D.small

A解析：与pale同现的单词，应该是sick。10.On_____days,sheworeheavyclothesandapairofwoolengloves.A.sunnyB.rainyC.cloudyD.snowy解析:与heavyclothes和woolengloves同现的应该是snowydays。D2.词义辨析1.(2017全国卷I)IwatchedastheASLClub__47__theirtranslationofasong.Boththehandmovementsandthevery__48___ofcommunicatingwithoutspeaking___49___me.47.A.recordedB.performedC.recitedD.discussed48.A.ideaB.amountC.dreamD.reason49.A.disturbedB.supportedC.embarrassedD.attracted解析：根据句中的关键词watch可知，作者看到美式手语社团的成员表演(perform)。record记录;recite背诵;discuss讨论.48题和49题手部动作和无须用语言交流的想法（idea）吸引（attract）了我。2.

Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas

1

andthesametimefeelinglonely..

1.A.helpless

B.lazy

C.anxious

D.tired

解析：在把握上文“我提着衣箱缓慢地上楼梯”的情况下，可知答案为D.tired，即当我到达三楼时，已经很累了；3.(2017全国卷II)

In1973,Iwasteachingelementaryschool.Eachday27kids______“TheThinkingLaboratory.A.builtB.enteredC.decoratedD.ran解析：根据上文一句，作者在一所小学教学，孩子门当然是每天进入（enter）思想实验室了。built建造;decorate装饰；run跑步，经营4.(2014全国卷I）Mywheelchairexperimentwassoon54.Itmadeadeepimpressiononme.Afewhoursof“disability”gavemeonlyatasteofthe55(challenges),bothphysicalandmental,thatdisabledpeoplemustovercome.54.A.forgottenB.repeatedC.conductedD.finished语境-词义辨析3.习惯用法和固定搭配311.(2013江西)“Youshouldn’tswimthatday,”theman45(advised).“Thereisastormcomingup.” “Youshouldmindyourown46!”Dianerepliedandwalkedintothegentlewaves.46.A.businessB.SwimsuitC.friendsD.parentsMindyourownbusiness!不要多管闲事！2.(2014全国I)

Forexample,onChristmasmorning,childrenareexcitedabout43withtheirnewtoys.

43.A.working B.living C.playing D.going语境-固定搭配playwith(toys)33

3.(2012全国新课标)

Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall!Itspeaks36thanwords…

36.A.straighterB.louderC.harderD.furtherActionspeakslouderthan

words.习语谚语:事实胜于雄辩4.熟词生义1.Oneafternoon，theheadmaster

called

myfriendtodiscussoneessaywithhiminalivelyspirit.“Iwasinterestedinthis

48

youmakehere.Ithinkyoumighthavegonefurther.Tellmewhatyouhadinyourmind.”

A.aimB.goalC.pointD.opinionpoint观点，要点2.Hecamebacktomelikeamanwhohadhadaverynarrow

54

andImadeupmymindtomakeeveryefforttostudymytranslations.

A.surpriseB.escapeC.hopeD.chance

narrowadj.勉强的，好不容易的

anarrowvictory险胜

3.

Scottandhiscompanionswereterriblydisappointed.WhentheygottotheSouthPole,theyfoundtheNorwegians（挪威人）hadbeaten

themintheracetobethefirstevertoreachit.After

37

theBritishflagatthePole,theytookaphotographofthemselvesbefore

theystartedthe950-milejourneyback.

A.growing

B.putting

C.planting

D.layingplantvt.立稳，竖立，安放4.TodayIdecidedtolookuptheword“hero”inthedictionarytoseeexactlywhatitmeant.It_____“apersonwhodoessomethingbrave”.AsIreadon,italsosaid“apersonwhoisgoodandnoble”．

A.wroteB.toldC.describedD.readreadvt.(指示牌等)写着，（仪器等）显示5.Hethen

returnedtohisoffice,

satisfied

thatifapictureisworthathousandwords,thenthefourphotosmustbeagood

31

!Hesatdownwithasmile.

Hiswife

32

thosepictures.Shecarriestheminherpursenowandshowsthemtoanyonewhoasksifsheismarried…

A.descriptionB.preparationC.excuseD.lecture

A.toredB.savedC.developedD.destroyedlecturen.教训，训斥savev.保留，保存4.生活常识和文化背景1.（2013全国卷I）

AssoonasIsatdown,my41madethechairbegintoroll.Itswheelswerenot42（locked）.41.A.height B.force C.skillD.weight生活常识常识、背景知识2.BorninAmerica,IspokeEnglishnotChinese，thelanguageofmyancestors.WhenIwasthree,myparentsflashedcardswithChinese36atmyface,butIpushedthem37(aside),…36.A.customB.gamesC.charactersD.language

3：Itwasanearlymorninginsummer.Inthestreets,sleepy-eyedpeopleweremovingquickly,headingtowardstheir

1

.Thiswasthebeginningofanother

2

dayinNewYorkCity.

1.A.jobs

B.homes

C.buses

D.offices

2.A.workingB.hot

C.same

D.ordinary解析：按生活经验，人们起床后，各自奔向自己的工作岗位。而这种情况是天天发生，是平平常常的，因此2题答案是D.ordinary。A.jobs

D.ordinary4.WhenIwasjust20monthsold,Isufferedserious__13(burn)_afterabowlofhotoilfellonmyhead.Iwas__14__tohospitalandhadtostaythereforweekswhilethedoctors___15__formylife.14.A.rushedB.ledC.invitedD.forced15.A.learnedB.foughtC.returnedD.decided解析：根据背景常识，在孩子受伤后，肯定会被快速送往医院。rush急忙地送（。。。到某地）。急诊病人被送医院后，医生定会竭尽全力抢救。fight为…而战，为…而努力争取。1.语法手段2.逻辑手段句际关系1.语法手段（2015全国卷I）WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitfor__54__hisfamilymightneed,heburstintotears.54A.whoever B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever语法-连接代词

逻辑手段2.逻辑手段让步关系转折关系因果关系解释关系顺序关系并列关系…识别语篇标志,理清逻辑关系语篇关系是指句群,段落,篇章之间的关系。联系他们之间的词语被称为语篇标志词。常见的语篇标志性的词语有以下几种:顺序关系:firstly,secondly,thirdly等;因果关系:thus,therefore,so等;递进关系:besides,what'smore,further等;转折关系:but,while,yet,however等做完型时,如果能充分利用这些标志性词语,就能迅速理请文章的脉络,弄清上下文关系。1.(2017全国卷I)Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouragedbymy______progress,Iexcited.A.slowB.steadC.normalD.obvious转折关系

2.

Ourfatherwasastruggling36(lawyer),

butIalwaysknewhewas

37(special)

.Henevercriticizedus,

butused38tobringoutourbest.

38.A.help B.peace C.smile D.praise转折关系3.（2013全国卷I）MyhandsstartedtoacheasI51(turned)theheavymetalwheels.Icametoknowthatcontrollingthe52(direction)ofthewheelchairwasnotgoingtobea(n)53task.53.A.easyB.heavyC.major D.extra因果关系4.(2014全国卷I)Theworldisfullof46stampalbumsandunfinishedmodels,eachstandingasamonumenttosomeone’s

47（passing）

interest.46.A.well-organizedB.colorfully-printed C.newly-collected D.half-filled

同类并列关系

5.Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhand,...Thenthewritingpointofthepen……

52,thepenshouldmakeathick,darkline.52.A.MeanwhileB.GenerallyC.AfterwardsD.Finally顺序关系

失分原因:knowwhy出错主要原因有两类：一是：基础知识不牢，词汇障碍严重。二是文章整体阅读能力低。因此完形填空的训练重在落实，体现在：全篇主要意思是否明白；重要动词（或短语）是否会用；中西文化背景是否清楚；语境中词语筛选是否合理；是否根据常识进行推理；惯用法及搭配是否恰当；是否纠正了平时的习惯错误。如何提高能力技巧一、提高阅读能力（速度、理解）二、打好语法基础（固定搭配）三、扩充词汇量（动词、名词）四、增长生活常识，培养广泛的兴趣爱好五、多做多练，以提高实战能力复习备考首先要熟练地掌握学过的全部语法知识，牢记习惯用法。

特别是动词短语；注意对动词、名词、形容词、副词等词汇意义的真正理解，要懂得词汇的内涵、外延、褒贬及一定的修辞色彩。

注意它们的同义词、近义词、反义词及其辨析。

其次要有计划地多做一些完形填空的练习，多阅读一些短文，增强英文阅读能力，提高理解能力【真题演练

】新课标2015全国卷I解题三部曲：读---填---读MykidsandIwereheadingintothesupermarketovertheweekend.Ontheway,wespottedamanholdingapieceofpaperthatsaid,“41myjob.FamilytoFeed.”Atthisstore,a42likethisisnotnormal.My10-year-oldnoticedhimandmadea43onhowbaditmustbetohavetostand44inthecoldwind.Inthestore,Iaskedeachofmykidsto45somethingtheythoughtour“friend”therewould46.Theygotapples,asandwichandabottleofjuice.41.A.QuitB.ChangedC.LostD.Finished42.A.conditionB.placeC.sightD.show43.A.suggestionB.commentC.decisionD.call44.A.by B.proudlyC.outsideD.angrily45.A.draw B.sayC.arrangeD.pick46.A.appreciate B.supplyC.order D.discover语境、词义上下文Thenmy17-year-oldsuggestedgivinghima47.Ithoughtaboutit.Wewere48oncashourselves,but…well,sometimes49fromourneedinsteadofourabundanceis50whatweneedtodo!Allthekids51somethingtheycoulddoawayw