江苏省常州市2024-2025学年高一英语下学期学业水平监测试题含解析

PAGE江苏省常州市2024-2025学年高一英语下学期学业水平监测试题（含解析）留意：本试卷共五个部分，答案全部做在答题纸上。满分为150分。考试时间120分钟。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthemanprobablydo?A.Attendameeting.B.GiveCraigacall.C.Waitintheoffice.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers.B.Co-workers.C.Schoolmates.3.WhatisDaviddoingthisyear?A.Travelingaroundtheworld.B.TeachingChineseatschool.C.Learningaforeignlanguage.4.Howdoesthemanwanttotravel?A.Bycar.B.Bytrain.C.Byplane.5.Whatisthewomangoingtodotomorrowevening?A.VisitBobathishome.B.GoshoppingwithBob.C.ExpectacallfromBob.其次节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Whatkindofpartyisit?A.Abirthdayparty.B.Aweddingparty.C.Ahousewarmingparty.7.AtwhattimewillLindaarriveattheparty?A.5:30p.m.B.6:30p.m.C.7:30p.m.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whoistheman?A.Apasser-by.B.Thecardriver.C.Thetruckdriver.9.Whathappenedaccordingtotheconversation?A.AcarwashitonHighway204.B.AtruckwasburnedonHighway204.C.Thedriverofatruckwasbadlyhurt.10.Howsoonwillhelpcome?A.Infiveminutes.B.Intenminutes.C.Infifteenminutes.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howdidthewomanloseweight?A.Shehasbeenworkingtoohard.B.Shetookdietpills.C.Shehashealthydietandregularexercise.12.What’stheman’sproblem?A.Heloveseatingtoomuch.B.Thereisnogymnearhisplace.C.Hehastoworkovertime.13.Whatsmallchangesdidthewomanmakeinherlife?A.Takingalifttoherapartment.B.Takingawalkafterdinner.C.Startingtorideherbike.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theirjobs.B.Theirapartments.C.Theirdrivingexperiences.15.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthispresentsituation?A.Dissatisfied.B.Shocked.C.Satisfied.16.Whatwillthemandothen?A.Drivethecartowork.B.Visitthewoman’sapartmentbuilding.C.Talkwithhislandlady.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20题。17.Towhomisthespeakertalking?A.Newemployees.B.Foreigntourists.C.Internationalstudents.18.Whataregirlsadvisedtodoinacafe?A.Takecareoftheirbags.B.Don’ttalktostrangers.C.Leavetheplacequickly.19.Whatisthebestplacetoparkacar?A.Besideahouse.B.Onequietroad.C.Inapubliccarpark.20.Whatshouldonedowhenwalkinghomealoneatnight?A.Stopapolicecarforhelp.B.Walkinwell-lightedareas.C.Takeaknifeforself-defense.其次部分阅读理解（共三节，满分44分）第一节（共12小题；每小题2分，满分24分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AShakespeare’sFamilyHomesPassEntertheworldofShakespeareandseetheplacesthatinspiredagenius,withentrytofivehistoricproperties(房产)inStratford-upon-Avon.Theproperties:Shakespeare’sBirthplaceEnjoyamultimediaexhibitionandlivetheatreHall’sCroftVisitthetraditionalherbgardensandhomeofShakespeare’sdaughterSusannaAnneHathaway’sCottageHearreadingsofShakespeare’smostpopularsonnetsMatyArden’sFarmWatchfalconrydisplaysandtraditionalcraftsShakespeare’sNewPlaceWalkinthefootstepsofShakespeareandexplorewherehewrotesomeofhismosticonicworkslikehisfourtragedies(悲剧).PriceAdult(（18+）)£20Child（3-17）£10Under3:freeConcession（实惠）£1560+andstudents（18-25）withID*Ticketsarevalid(有效)foronevisittoeachofyour5propertiesina72hourperiod,*Pleasenotethatcustomerswhoaredisabledcanbuyaconcessionticketandthenwillbeabletohaveonecareradmittedfree.OpeningdatesandtimesWinterSeason:4November2024-15March2024Shakespeare’sBirthPlace:openMonday-Sunday,10am-4pmShakespeare’sNewPlace:openMonday-Sunday,10am-4pmAnneHathaway’sCottage:openMonday-Sunday,10am-4pmHallsCroft:openMonday-Sunday,11am-4pmMaryArden’sFarm:closed*Shakespeare’sBirthPlace,Shakespeare’sNewPlace,AnneHathaway’sCottage:openonthe24December10am-lpm,closed25-26December.Spring/Summer/AutumnSeason:16March2024-1November2024Shakespeare’sBirthPlaceandAnneHathaway’sCottage:openMonday-Sunday,9am-5pm.Shakespeare’sNewPlace,Hall’sCroftandMaryArden’sFarm:openMonday-Sunday10am-5pmClosingtimeslistedabovearelastentry.Housesclose30minutesafterlastentry.1.Accordingtotheadvertisement,visitorscan________.A.hearShakespeare’ssonnetsatShakespeare’sBirthplaceB.explorewherehecreatedsomeofhismasterworksC.visitthepropertiesmanytimeswiththeticketin72hoursD.visitthe5propertiesfreeofchargeonChristmasDay2.IfTom,whoisdisabled,visitsthepropertieswithhiswifeand13-year-oldson,heshouldatleastpay________.A.£10 B.£25 C.£30 D.£503.LiHua,afanofShakespearefromChina,willvisitShakespeare’sBirthPlaceonJuly25.Heshouldexitatthelatestbefore________.A.4:00pm B.4:30pm C.5:00pm D.5:30pm【答案】1.B2.B3.D【解析】这是一则旅游广告。游客可以依据广告中提到与莎士比亚有关的地方，去探究他的一些大师作品是在哪里创作的。【1题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段EntertheworldofShakespeareandseetheplacesthatinspiredagenius,withentrytofivehistoricproperties(房产)inStratford-upon-Avon.“走进埃文河畔斯特拉特福的五处历史古迹，你就能领会到莎士比亚的世界，领会到激发天才灵感的地方。”由此可知，依据广告，游客可以探究他的一些大师作品是在哪里创作的。故选B。【2题详解】细微环节理解题。依据文章中Price：Adult(（18+）)，£20；Child（3-17），£10；Under3:free；Concession（实惠），£15，60+andstudents（18-25）withID和*Pleasenotethatcustomerswhoaredisabledcanbuyaconcessionticketandthenwillbeabletohaveonecareradmittedfree.“请留意，残疾人士可购买实惠票，并可免费支配一名护理人员入住。”由此可知，Tom一家三口可以买一张成人票（£20），一张实惠票（£15），再有一个人是免费的，所以假如残疾的汤姆带着妻子和13岁的儿子去看房子，他至少要付25英镑。故选B。【3题详解】推理推断题。依据Spring/Summer/AutumnSeason:16March2024-1November2024中Shakespeare’sBirthPlaceandAnneHathaway’sCottage:openMonday-Sunday,9am-5pm.和Housesclose30minutesafterlastentry.“房屋在最终一次进入后30分钟关闭。”由此可知，来自中国的莎士比亚迷李华将于7月25日参观莎士比亚的诞生地。他最迟应当在下午5:30之前离开。故选D。BNewclimate-controljacketshavehelpedpeoplestaywarminsubzeroconditions,andevenmadecowscomfortableenoughtoproducemoremilk.ButitallbeganwithanIndiangraduate’ssimplewishforclothingthatcouldbeusedforboththecoldBostonwintersandheatedMITcampusrooms.Now,theMITgraduatedcompanyhasbegunsellingthejacketsandotherclothesthatallowwearerstocontroltheirlevelofcomfortwithoutaddingorremovinglayers.“Ourproductscangofrom0°Cto100°Cinthepushofabutton,”saidVistakula,founderandCEOofthecompany.“Wehavefourlevelsofheatingandfourlevelsofcoolingthatincludelow,medium,highandveryhigh.”Whenelectricityrunsthroughthejunctionwheretwodifferentmetalsmeet,itcreatesatemperaturedifferencesothatonesideheatsupandtheothersidecoolsdown.Suchheat-exchangeequipmentalsoneedsfanstoblowawaytheheat.“Wewereabletoreducetheweightandgetridoftheneedforafan,”VistakulatoldInnovationNewsDaily.“Thatmadeitverysuitabletoputitintoclothes.”Thecurrentclothingrunsonarangeoflaptopbatteries(电池)thatcansupportuptoeighthoursofhotorcoldcomfort.Asidefromshoes,jacketsandbikehelmets,thestartupalsosellskneeandelbowpacksthatprovidehotorcoldtherapy(疗法)forachingjoints.That’sjustthebeginning,asthe20-personteamtriesmanynewanddifferentapplications(应用)inthesearchtofindwhatworks.Theyhavetheireyessetona“HaemoSave”applicationthatcouldusefreezingtemperaturestocontrolbleeding,andpainduringmedicalemergencies.“That’sataveryearlystage,”Vistakulaexplained.“Itworksforsuperficial(表面的)wounds,butwehavetododeeperwoundsandseewhathappens.”Inanothercase,testswithjacketsadaptedforcowssucceededinenablingthecowstoproducemoremilk.Butthecurrentcostsmeanthatfarmerscan’taffordsuchequipment-atleastnotuntilthecompanyscalesupitsproductionandlowerstheprice.It’sanambitiousgoalbuttheirconfidenceissupportedbythestartup’sinnovation(创新)philosophy.“Naturehasbeeninnovatingforbillionsofyears,soyoujusthavetolookintherightplace,”Vistakulasaid.“Ifyougolookingforanswers,you’llfindthem.”4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thetechnologywerefirstdesignedtocontrolclimate.B.Theclothingisuser-friendlywithasimplepushofbutton.CTheclothingrunsonbatteriesthatcanlastatleasteighthours.D.Theclothingneedsfanstocreateatemperaturedifference.5.AccordingtoVistakula,nexttheyhavetotestwhetherHaemoSavecan________.A.beappliedtoreducepain B.beusedtocontrolbleedingC.functionfordeeperwounds D.makebodytemperatureslow6.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.thetechnologydoesn’tworkwellinpracticeB.thetechnologycanbewidelyappliedinlifeC.thecompanywillincreaseproductiontomeetmarketneedsD.thecompanyisnowfacingaveryuncertainfuture7.WhatcanweconcludefromwhatVistakulasaidinthelastparagraph?A.Wecanprobablyinnovateanythinginnature.B.Innovationshouldbeencouragedtoprotectnature.C.Ithastakenbillionsofyearsfornaturetochange.D.WeshouldinnovateasitagreeswithNature.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。新型的气候限制夹克可以帮助人们在零度以下的环境下保持暖和，甚至可以让奶牛舒适地产更多的奶。这说明“科学技术可以广泛应用于生活中。我们应当创新，因为它符合自然。”【4题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“Ourproductscangofrom0°Cto100°Cinthepushofabutton,”saidVistakula,founderandCEOofthecompany.“Wehavefourlevelsofheatingandfourlevelsofcoolingthatincludelow,medium,highandveryhigh.”Vistakula是该公司的创始人和首席执行官，他说:“我们的产品可以通过一个按钮从0摄氏度到100摄氏度。”“我们有四个加热和冷却级别，包括低、中、高和特别高。”由此可知，只需一个简洁的按钮，衣服就很人性化。所以B项正确。【5题详解】推理推断题。依据第四段中“Itworksforsuperficial(表面的)wounds,butwehavetododeeperwoundsandseewhathappens.”“它对表面伤口有效，但我们必需对更深的伤口进行探讨，看看会发生什么。”由此可知，依据Vistakula的说法，下一步他们必需测试HaemoSave是否对更深的伤口有效。故选C。【6题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段中Newclimate-controljacketshavehelpedpeoplestaywarminsubzeroconditions,andevenmadecowscomfortableenoughtoproducemoremilk.ButitallbeganwithanIndiangraduate’ssimplewishforclothingthatcouldbeusedforboththecoldBostonwintersandheatedMITcampusrooms.“新型的气候限制夹克可以帮助人们在零度以下的环境下保持暖和，甚至可以让奶牛舒适地产更多的奶。但这一切都始于一位印度毕业生的一个简洁愿望:既能在波士顿的冬天穿，又能在麻省理工学院的校内里取暖。”由此可知，从文章中可以推断出技术可以广泛应用于生活中。故选B。【7题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段It’sanambitiousgoal,buttheirconfidenceissupportedbythestartup’sinnovation(创新)philosophy.“Naturehasbeeninnovatingforbillionsofyears,soyoujusthavetolookintherightplace,”Vistakulasaid.“Ifyougolookingforanswers,you’llfindthem.”这是一个雄心勃勃的目标，但他们的信念得到了这家初创公司创新理念的支持。Vistakula说:“大自然已经创新了数十亿年，所以你只须要找对地方就可以了。”“假如你去找寻答案，你就会找到它们。”从Vistakula在最终一段所说的，可知“我们应当创新，因为它符合自然。”故选D。CItwasdecadesagonow,butit’sstilloneofthemostmemorableconversationsofmylife.Onalong,slowtrainheadingnorth,withnothingtodobutwatchtherain,themansittingoppositebegantryingtotalktome.Likemostyoungwomenwhohavelearnedthehardwaytobecarefulofstrangers,Iwasunfriendly.Butcuriositytookoverwhenhesaidthathewasjustbored,andlikedtalking.Sothat’swhatwedidforhoursandhoursasthemanturnedouttobequitetalkative.Whenthetrainfinallypulledin,wedidn’tchangenumbers.However,Istillthinkaboutitsometimesonlong,boringjourneys,beforegettingaphoneoutandscrollingsilentlylikeeveryoneelse.It’sararepersonwhocancheerfullybreakthesocialruleaboutnottalkingtostrangerswithoutanyillintention,butlifewouldbemoreinterestingifmoreofusknewhowtodoit.Andthat’swhyIcan’tbeascynicalasIprobablyshouldbeabout“TubeChat”campaignlaunchedtoencourageBritonstotalktoeachother.Allanyoneisbeingaskedtodoistostartaconversationtheywouldn’totherwisehavehad—maybewithafriendfromwhomthey’vebeenapartoraneighbortheydon’tknow.Obviously,ittakesmorethanabitofsmalltalkovergardenfencestounitestrangerstogether.Morepeoplelivealonethandidsoagenerationago,andtheriseinfreelancing（自由职业）meansmoreofusworkalonetoo.Wesocializeincreasinglythroughscreens,sendingtextsinsteadofbotheringtocall.It’struethatthe“TubeChat”campaignofafewyearsbackfailedinitsattemptstomakeLondonerstalktoeachotheronpublictransport.ButevencitypeoplewhowouldnormallydieratherthanmakeeyecontactwithstrangersstillhappilygatherinlargenumbersbytheThamesfortheNewYear’sEvefireworks.Theywouldgetafarbetterviewathomeontelevision—it’snotreallyaboutthefireworks,butaboutbeingpartofsomethingcommunal(公共的).There’snoguarantee(保证)thatthislatestcampaigntoreconnectwillsucceedwhereverothershavefailed.Butifthereeveramomenttostopsocialdisbeliefitmaystartafiretowarmaworldthatsometimesfeelscold.Wherevermytrainfriendisnow,________.8.Theauthorintroducedhertrainfriendto________.A.sharehermostmemorablebutboringjourneyB.expressherdeepregretforlosingtouchwithhimC.showthattalkingtostrangerscanaddinteresttolifeD.explainwhypeoplearebecomingindifferent9.Theunderlinedword“cynical”isclosestinmeaningto________.A.doubtful B.supportive C.confused D.disappointed10.TheexampleofLondonersgatheringfortheNewYear’sEvefireworksisusedtoshowthat________.A.“TubeChat”,failedinitsattemptstounitestrangerstogetherB.it’shardtobreakthesocialruleaboutnottalkingtostrangersC.peoplehaveawishtobesociallyconnectedbynatureD.“TubeChat”madesomedifferencetoreconnectingpeople11.Whichofthefollowingbestfitsintheblankinthelastparagraph?A.Ihopehe’sstilltalking B.IhopeheisstillasinterestingC.Iwillmisshimforever D.Iwilltrytogetintouchwithhim12.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Keepourdesiretoconnect. B.Avoidtalkingtostrangers.C.Showrespectforsocialdisbelief D.Socializewithourfriends.【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.A12.A【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己一次火车上和生疏人闲聊的开心经验告知我们，我们要有和别人沟通的想法，这样我们的生活会更好玩。8题详解】推理推断题。依据文章第一句Itwasdecadesagonow,butit’sstilloneofthemostmemorableconversationsofmylife.可知，距今已有几十年了，但它仍旧是我一生中最难忘的对话之一。再结合其次段butlifewouldbemoreinterestingifmoreofusknewhowtodoit.可知，但是假如我们中的更多人知道如何去做，生活会更好玩。由此推知，作者介绍自己火车上的挚友，目的是告知我们与生疏人交谈可以增加生活趣味。故选C。【9题详解】词义揣测题。依据上一段It’sararepersonwhocancheerfullybreakthesocialruleaboutnottalkingtostrangerswithoutanyillintention，butlifewouldbemoreinterestingifmoreofusknewhowtodoit.很少有人能毫无恶意地打破不与生疏人交谈的社交规则，但假如我们中有更多的人知道如何这样做，生活将会更加好玩；再结合划线单词所在句的内容可知，此处划线单词“cynical”的意思是“怀疑”，因为作者认为和生疏人可能会好玩，所以作者不怀疑这项活动。故选A。【10题详解】推理推断题。依据倒数其次段ButevencitypeoplewhowouldnormallydieratherthanmakeeyecontactwithstrangersstillhappilygatherinlargenumbersbytheThamesfortheNewYear’sEvefireworks.可知，即使是那些通常宁愿死去也不愿与生疏人有眼神接触的城市居民，仍旧快乐地大批聚集在泰晤士河边，观看新年前夜的烟火表演。由此可推知，从本性上来看，人们希望与社会有联系。故选C。【11题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段Butifthereeveramomenttostopsocialdisbeliefitmaystartafiretowarmaworldthatsometimesfeelscold.可知，假如有一个时刻可以阻挡社会的不信任，它可能会点燃一堆火来暖和这个有时会感到寒冷的世界。由此可知，作者情愿和生疏人沟通或交谈，所以作者还是希望自己的火车挚友还能那么健谈。故选A。【12题详解】主旨大意题。阅读文章，并结合第一段Itwasdecadesagonow,butit’sstilloneofthemostmemorableconversationsofmylife.可知，作者结合自身的经验和一项社会活动“TubeChat”来告知我们，我们要有和别人沟通的想法，这样我们的生活会更好玩，结合选项可知，选项A，符合题意。故选A。其次节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thesixthmassextinction(灭亡)isnotaworryforthefuture.It’shappeningnow,muchfasterthanexpectedbefore,andit’sentirelyourfault,accordingtoastudypublishedMonday.Humanshavealreadywipedouthundredsofspecies(物种)andpushedmanymoretotheedge(边缘)ofextinctionthroughwildlifetrade,pollutionandhabitatloss.___13___GerardoCeballosGonzalez,aprofessorofecologyattheNationalAutonomousUniversityofMexico,saidapproximately173speciesdiedoutbetween2001and2014,whichis25timesmoreextinctspeciesthanyouwouldexpectunderthenormal,background,extinctionspeed._____14_____Therehavebeenfivemassextinction(大规模灭亡)eventsintheEarth’shistory,eachwipingoutbetween70%and95%ofthespeciesofplants,animalsandmicroorganisms.Themostrecent,66millionyearsago,sawdinosaursdisappear.ThepasteventswerecausedbyterriblechangesoftheenvironmentThesixthmassextinction-theonehappeningnow-isdifferent:it’scausedbyhumans._____15_____Butittookmillionsofyearstorestore(复原)thenumberofspecies.Whenonespeciesintheecosystemdisappears,itdestroystheentireecosystemandpushesotherspeciestowarddestruction.___16___Hundredsofspeciesoffrogsaresufferingpopulationdecreaseandextinctionsbecauseofthechytridfungus(真菌)disease,whichissometimesspreadintonewareasbyhumans.Climatechangeislikelymakingitworse.____17____TheresearchersalsosaidthecurrentCOVID-19showshowthecarelessnesswithwhichpeopletreatthenaturalworldcanbackfirebadlyTheresearcherssaidthisdatahighlightstheurgency(紧急)withwhichtheworldneedstoact.Laterthisyear,theUNConventiononBiologicalDiversityisexpectedtosetnewglobalgoalstofighttheongoingbiodiversity(生物多样性)probleminthecomingdecades.A.Massextinctionsarejustasseriousastheirnamesuggests.B.Thisinterdependency(相互依存)ofdifferentspeciesisbadnewsforhumans,too.C.Butthespeedatwhichspeciesaredyingouthasquickenedupinrecentdecades.D.Wehumansaredestroyingthebiodiversityoftheworldweevolvedinto.E.LifeonEarthhasrecoveredaftereachoftheseevents.F.Theresearchersuseamphibians(两栖动物)asanexampleofthisphenomena.G.Manyspecieshaveevolvedtodealwithclimatechanges.【答案】13.C14.A15.E16.F17.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍第六次大物种灭亡的到来。通过野生动物贸易、污染和栖息地的丢失，人类已经歼灭了数百种物种，并将更多物种推向灭亡的边缘。但近几十年来，物种灭亡的速度加快了。【13题详解】依据上文提示“通过野生动物贸易、污染和栖息地的丢失，人类已经歼灭了数百种物种，并将更多物种推向灭亡的边缘。”可知，C项Butthespeedatwhichspeciesaredyingouthasquickenedupinrecentdecades.（但近几十年来，物种灭亡的速度加快了。）中的dyingouthasquickenedup与上文中的wipedouthundredsofspecies(物种)andpushedmanymoretotheedge(边缘)ofextinction相吻合。故选C。【14题详解】依据空后的内容“地球历史上曾经发生过五次大灭亡事务，每次都有70%到95%的植物、动物和微生物灭亡。”可知，A项Massextinctionsarejustasseriousastheirnamesuggests.（大灭亡正如其名字所示意的那样严峻。）中的Massextinctions与下文的fivemassextinction(大规模灭亡)events相吻合。故选A。【15题详解】依据第3空下文“但物种数量的复原却花费了数百万年的时间。”可知，E项LifeonEarthhasrecoveredaftereachoftheseevents.（在这些事务之后，地球上的生命已经复原。）中的recovered与下文中的torestore(复原)一样。故选E。【16题详解】依据上文提示“当生态系统中的一个物种消逝时，它会破坏整个生态系统，并将其他物种推向毁灭。”由此可知，F项Theresearchersuseamphibiansasanexampleofthisphenomena.（探讨人员以两栖动物为例来说明这一现象。）是用一个例子在说明上文中所说的现象。故选F。【17题详解】依据下文提示“探讨人员还表示，目前的COVID-19表明，人们对待自然世界的马虎会产生严峻的反效果。”由此可知，B项Thisinterdependency(相互依存)ofdifferentspeciesisbadnewsforhumans,too.（不同物种之间的相互依靠对人类来说也是个坏消息。）中的badnewsforhumans,与下文的backfirebadly相吻合。故选B。第三节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）依据短文内容，依据要求完成文后的问题。Forimmigrant(移民)parents,passingontheirnativelanguagescanbeastruggle.“Youunderstandgrandmotherwhenshetalkstoyou,don’tyou,darling?”Thegirlnods.Johnsonmether—andherDanishmotherandEnglishfather—attheairport,onthewaytoDenmark.Theparentswereeagertodiscusstheirexperienceofbringinguptheirdaughterbilingually(双语)inLondon.Itisn’teasy:thehusbanddoesnotspeakDanish,sothechildhearsthelanguageonlyfromhermother,whohascometoacceptthatherdaughterwillreplyinEnglish.Thiscanbepainful.Notsharingyourfirstlanguagewithlovedonesishard.Notpassingitontoyourownchildcanbeespeciallyhard.Manyimmigrantparentsfeelasenseoffailure;theyareworriedandsharestoriesonparentingforumsandsocialmedia,hopingtofindthesecrettobringingupbilingualchildrensuccessfully.Childrenarelinguisticsponges(海绵),butthisdoesn’tmeanthatbriefexposure(接触)isenough.Theymusthearalanguagequiteabittounderstandit—anduseitoftentobeabletospeakitcomfortably.Thisismentalwork,andachildwhodoesn’thaveamotive(动机)tospeakalanguage—eitheraneedorastrongdesire—willoftenavoidit.Children’sbrainsarealreadybusyenough.Solanguagesoftenfadeanddiewhenparentsmoveabroad.ConsiderAmerica.Theforeign-bornshareofthepopulationis13.7%,andhasneverbeenlowerthan4.7%(in1970).Andyetforeign-languagespeakersdon’tincrease:todayjust25%ofthepopulationspeaksanotherlanguage.That’sbecause,usually,thefirstgenerationborninAmericaisbilingual,andthesecondismonolingual(单语)—inEnglish,thechildrenoftenstrugglingtospeakeasilywiththeirimmigrantgrandparents.Inthepast,governmentsdiscouragedimmigrantfamiliesfromkeepingtheirlanguages.Thesedays,officialstendtobetolerant;someevenseeavaluableresourceinimmigrants’languageabilities.Yetmanyfactorsensurethatchildrenstilllosetheirparents’languages,orneverlearnthem.18.Findoutorwriteoutonesentencetostatethemainideaofthispassage.19.Theunderlinedword“it”,inParagraph2referto________.20.Restate(重新叙述)themainmeaningoftheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3.21.ThestatisticsinParagraph4areusedtosupporttheideathat________.22.FindoutonewordtoshowtheAmericanofficials’presentattitudetowardimmigrantskeepingtheirlanguages.【答案】18.Forimmigrantparents,passingontheirnativelanguagescanbeastruggle.19.bringinguptheirdaughterbilinguallyinLondon.20.Childrencanacquirelanguagenaturallyifexposedtolanguageenough.21.languagesoftenfadeanddiewhenparentsmoveabroad.22.Tolerant.【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了移民家庭的母语传承。【18题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段的Forimmigrant(移民)parents,passingontheirnativelanguagescanbeastruggle.是文章主旨，介绍了外籍父母想要下一代传承母语并非易事，下文就这个问题绽开阐述。故答案是Forimmigrantparents,passingontheirnativelanguagescanbeastruggle.【19题详解】词句揣测题。it指代上文提到Theparentswereeagertodiscusstheirexperienceofbringinguptheirdaughterbilingually(双语)inLondon.(这对父母很想共享在伦敦用双语抚养女儿的经验)，故答案是bringinguptheirdaughterbilinguallyinLondon.【20题详解】推理推断题。依据下文butthisdoesn’tmeanthatbriefexposure(接触)isenough.Theymusthearalanguagequiteabittounderstandit—anduseitoftentobeabletospeakitcomfortably.可知，但这并不意味着粗略地接触就足够。必需听的足够多直到能够理解，用得足够多直到能够顺畅地表达出来。因此推断划线句：儿童的语言可塑性较强表示“假如接触到足够的语言，孩子们就能自然地获得语言”。故答案是Childrencanacquirelanguagenaturallyifexposedtolanguageenough.【21题详解】推理推断题。第四段第一句Solanguagesoftenfadeanddiewhenparentsmoveabroad.可知，因此，父母移居国外时，母语会越说越少。接下来列举了数据说明，因此第4段中的统计数据用于支持这一想法。故答案是languagesoftenfadeanddiewhenparentsmoveabroad.【22题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段的Thesedays,officialstendtobetolerant;someevenseeavaluableresourceinimmigrants’languageabilities.(如今，政府倾向于削减干预；有些官员甚至在移民的语言实力中发觉了珍贵的资源)可推断，现在美国政府官员对待移民保存自己的语言是容忍的。故答案是Tolerant。第三部分语言学问运用（共三节，满分51分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Wehavetwodogs.Wetookinbothaftertheywereabandoned(抛弃)inthecountry.Theywillrunoffatanychance.____23____myyardisfenced(栅栏),Ihavetokeepthemchained(拴住)toavoidpayinganyfinesfor____24____themfromthecitypound(流浪狗收容所).ThismorningasIwaswalkingthefirstoneout,thesecondranpastmequickly.Icalledforhertoreturn,butshechoseto____25____mywordsandheadedoff.Despitemybest____26____atcalmandpeacefulness,havingadogdisobeymedidmakememad.Anyway,whenIdrovetopickupmydaughterfromschoolIjust____27____tomentionthatCadymightbe____28____.Iaddedthatifshewasputintothepound,Iwouldnotbepayingher____29____thistime.“____30____?”mydaughterasked.“Isitjustthemoney?”“Well,partlyit’sthemoney.Itwillbeprobablyover$100____31____allisdone.ButmostlyitisbecauseIam_____32_____withher?”I_____33_____“Iwillnotkeepsuchadog,never!”Inoticedthatmydaughterhadherheadturnedawayfrommeandhadnotsaida_____34_____wordforover5minutes.“Whydoesthis_____35_____yousomuch?”Iwonderedoutloud.Mydaughtersaid,“Dad,youjustdon’t_____36_____.IfCadyisatthepound,sincesheisthreeyearsoldandnot_____37_____housebroken(训练好的),whowouldpickher?Thatmeanstheywillkillher.”ThenI_____38_____thattheonlyreasonIkeptthedoginthefirstplacewasthatwecouldnotfinda_____39_____forheranddidnotwanthertobe_____40_____byAnimalControl.My_____41_____softened.Aswe_____42_____thedriveway,therestoodCadyintheyard,tailwaggingandreadyforsomesupper.Childrenaresuchincredibleteachers!23.A.Asthough B.Incase C.Nowthat D.Eventhough24.A.recovering B.removing C.representing D.relieving25.A.consider B.accept C.ignore D.grasp26.A.efforts B.devotions C.memories D.indications27.A.happened B.hesitated C.occurred D.attempted28.A.barking B.running C.rolling D.missing29.A.money B.fines C.bill D.debts30.A.Sowhat B.Whynot C.Howabout D.Sincewhen31.A.after B.since C.before D.until32.A.sad B.angry C.worried D.embarrassed33.A.suggested B.realized C.promised D.insisted34.A.simple B.slight C.single D.suitable35.A.shock B.excite C.upset D.confuse36.A.interrupt B.mistake C.help D.understand37.A.even B.ever C.just D.only38.A.reminded B.remembered C.found D.sensed39.A.way B.home C.reason D.time40.A.destroyed B.picked C.raised D.fed41.A.mind B.feeling C.heart D.head42.A.brokeinto B.pulledinto C.lookedinto D.raninto【答案】23.D24.A25.C26.A27.A28.D29.B30.B31.C32.B33.D34.C35.C36.D37.A38.B39.B40.A41.C42.D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲解并描述了作者收养了两只流浪狗，一只叫Cady的小狗不听话，作者很生气，确定假如被收容所收留，就不再收养它了。女儿的话让作者想起了收养小狗的初衷，变更了办法，作者因此感叹孩子是多么令人难以置信的老师。【23题详解】考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：即使我的院子有篱笆，我也必需拴住它们，避开任何因为发觉他们没有进入城市流浪狗收容所的罚款。A.Asthough好像；B.Incase以防；C.Nowthat既然；D.Eventhough即使。有篱笆还是要拴住他们，是让步关系，故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.recovering寻回；找到；B.removing除掉；C.representing呈现；代表；D.relieving解除；缓解。由上文的tookin和下文的fromthecitypound可知，狗没有进入流浪狗收容所，被发觉会被罚款。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喊她回来，但是她选择忽视我的话，冲了出去。A.consider考虑；B.accept接受；C.ignore忽视；D.grasp抓住；驾驭。依据下文的headedoff说明其次只狗忽视我叫她回来的话。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我尽了最大的努力保持冷静平和，有一只狗不听从我的确使我生气。A.efforts努力；B.devotions奉献；C.memories记忆；D.indications指示；表明。依据下文havingadogdisobeymedidmakememad可推断，狗不听从我让我生气，结合despite可知，尽管我尽最大努力保持冷静平和，符合题意。故选A