初中定语从句

定语从句定义：定义从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或者代词的从句叫做定语从句。先行词：被修饰的名词或者代词。关系词：连接主句和定语从句的连接词。分类：关系词分为关系代词和关系副词关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which关系副词：when,where,why2.功能作用：第一，连接主句和从句第二，指代先行词第三，充当从句的句子成分定语从句的结构：定语从句必须位于先行词之后，即先行词+关系词+定语从句e.g.Hesaidhecouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkfast.主句先行词关系词定从关系代词的用法：1.常规用法：关系代词指代充当从句成分例句who人主语，宾语Ilovethesingerswhosingwordsclearly.(做主语)Sheistheperson(who)Imetyesterdayt.(作宾语)whom人宾语Sheistheperson(whom)Imetyesterdayt.(作动词宾语)Sheisthepersonforwhomyoushouldwait.(作介词宾语)which物主语，宾语IlovethebookwhicharewrittenbyLuXun.(做主语)Thestory(which)hetoldwasveryinteresting.(作动词宾语)that人，物主语，宾语IlovethebookthatarewrittenbyLuXun.(指物，作主语)Thestory(that)hetoldwasveryinteresting.(指物，作宾语)Ilovethesingersthatsingwordsclearly.(指人，做主语)Sheistheperson(that)Imetyesterdayt.(指人，作宾语)whose人，物定语Doyouknowthenameofthatgirlwhosebrotherisyourroommate你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？常表达"某人的、某物的"之意要点提示：1.关系代词在从句中作动词宾语时可以省略。例如：Thisisthebook(which)youwerelookingforyesterday.这就是你昨天找的那本书。Idon'tlikethenovel(that)youarereading.我不喜欢你看的这本小说。Whoistheman(whom)you'retalkingabout你们谈论的那个人是谁？2.定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。例如：Thosewhoareintheirfortiesarerequiredtohaveaphysicalexaminationthisafternoon.（先行词Those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了。）请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。Thisisthemagazinewhichwassenttomebypost.（先行词themagazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式wassent）这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。2.关系词只能用that的情况:

a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop你在商店里有什么东西要买吗

c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:

Whoisthegirlthatiscrying正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁

f.主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:

ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

3.关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:

a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:

What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk在桌子底下的那些东西是什么

b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:

Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:

Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

四、关系副词的用法(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:

Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:

Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。

(3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:

Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

I.单项填空。

1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather

-Yes,he’sourheadmaster.

A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom

2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim

A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone

3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.

A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it

4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday

A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtit

C.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit

5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.

A.whichagreesB.whoagree

C.whoagreesD.whichagree6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.

A.thatB.itC.whichwho

7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate

A.who’sB.whoseC.thatofwhich.

8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.

A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was

9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.

A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who

10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.

A.inthatweliveB.onwhichwelive

C.whereweliveinD.welivein

Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。

1.Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.

2.April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.

3.Thefamily_____