山西省运城市2025届高三英语上学期期中试题含解析

PAGEPAGE27山西省运城市2025届高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟。留意事项：1.答题前，考生务必先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，细致核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡的指定位置上。2.答题时运用0.5毫米的黑色中性（签字）笔或碳素笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清晰。3.请依据题号在各题的答题区域（黑色线框）内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效。4.保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损。5.听力部分满分30分，不计入总分。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例如:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.15.C.￡9.18.答案是B。1.Whereistheman?A.Inabookstore.B.Inalibrary.C.Inawaitingroom.2.WhatwillthewomanprobablydothiscomingSunday?A.Studyforatest.B.Callonherfriend.C.Goonapicnic.3.Howmanyinvitationsintotaldoesthewomanhavetosend?A.Five.B.Ten.C.Fifteen.4.WhatdidOliverdolastweekend?A.Hewasatameeting.B.HewenttoNewYork.C.Hewatchedafootballmatch.5.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Waiterandcustomer.B.Hostandguest.C.Salesmanandcustomer.其次节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.What'swrongwiththeman?A.Hehasheadaches.B.Hehasarunnynose.C.Hehasatemperature.7.Whendidtheproblembegin?A.Twoweeksago.B.Twomonthsago.C.Threemonthsago.听第7段材料，回答第8和9题。8.WherehasBarbarabeen?A.Milan.B.Florence.C.Rome.9.WhathasBarbaragotinhersuitcase?A.Shoes.B.Stones.C.Books.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatistheproblemwiththewoman'swatch?A.Itneedscleaning.B.Itisruinedbywater.C.Itneedsanewbattery.11.Whatdoestheshopofferifthewomanchangesabatterythere?A.Afreebattery.B.One-yearguarantee.C.Freecleaningservice.12.Whycan'tthewomanhaveherwatchrepairedrightaway?A.Themancan'tfixitatthemoment.B.Thewomandoesn'thaveenoughmoneyonher.C.Thereisnorightbatteryintheshopnow.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inasupermarket.B.Inadepartmentstore.C.Inarestaurant.14.Whyisthemannervous?A.BecausethisishisfirsttimetoChina.B.BecauseheknowsnothingaboutChinesetablemanners.C.Becausehedoesn'tknowwhetherhelikesChinesefoodornot.15.What'stheruleoftablemannersthewomantellsthemantoobey?A.Tomakehimselfathome.B.Tolearntousechopsticks.C.Tochooselessstrongwines.16.Whatdoesthemanhavedinnerwith?A.Chopsticks.B.Aknifeandfork.C.Aspoon.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatanimalscanbeseenintheaquarium?A.Sharks.B.Whales.C.Polarbears.18.Whatfoodcanthevisitorsgivethemonkeystoeat?A.Speciallypreparedfood.B.Sweetbiscuits.C.Fruits.19.Wheredomorethan300speciesofbirdscomefrom?A.SouthAfrica.B.SouthAmerica.C.SoutheastAsia.20.Whocanhelpthevisitorsiftheyhaveanyquestions?A.Thespeaker.B.Thefriendlyfeeders.C.Thepeopleattheinformationdesk.其次部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项。ABringingGoodsintotheUKYouareallowedtobringsomegoodsforpersonalusewithoutpayingtaxorduty.ArrivalsfromEUcountriesYoucanbringgoodsfromEUcountrieswithoutbeingchargedtaxordutyiftheyare:●transportedbyyourself;●agiftorforpersonaluse;●boughtwithtaxanddutyincludedYoucanbringalcoholandtobaccofromEUcountrieswithoutrestrictionbutaninquirymightberequireddependingontheamountofyourgoods.ArrivalsfromoutsidetheEUYouwillbefreeofdutyortaxoncertainamountsofgoodsbroughtfromoutsidetheEU,aslongastheyareforyourownuse.Anygoodsthatarebeyondyourallowanceshouldbedeclared.Alcohol&tobaccoallowanceTypeofgoodsCigarettesCigarsTobaccoBeerWine(nmtsparkingwine)SpiritsAlcoholicdrinksAmount20050250grams16litres4litres1litres2litres※Therearenoduty-freeallowancesfortobaccooralcoholifyou'reunder17.Allowanceforothergoods:Themaximumvalueofothergoodsyoucanbringis£390.Anysingleitemthatisworthmorethantheallowancewillbechargeddutyortaxonitsfullvalue.Therateofdutyortaxonitemsabovetheallowanceis:●2.5%forgoodsworthupto£630;●decidedbythetypeofgoodsworthabove£630-checkbycallingtheVAT,CustomsandExciseHelpline.InsidetheUK;03002003700OutsidetheUK:+442920501261Workingtime:8amto6pm,MondaytoFriday,BannedandrestrictedgoodsGoodsbannedinclude:●illegaldrugs;●offensiveweapons;●endangeredanimalandplantspecies;●meatanddairyproductsfrommostnon-EUcountries.Foodandplantproductsrestrictedinclude;●productscontainingpestsanddiseases;●productsgrownoutsidetheEU;●productsnotforyourownuse.Wereservetherighttoseizethegoodswhichareonsuspicionofviolatingintellectualpropertyrights.1.WhichofthefollowingproductsfromoutsidetheEUhasthelargestduty-freeallowance?A.Beer. B.Wine(notsparklingwine). C.Spirits. D.Alcoholicdrinks.2.HowmuchtaxshallonecomingfromChinapayforaringboughtinAmericaworth£500?A.£2.75 B.£12.5 C.£110. D.£130.3.Whichofthefollowingitemsshallbebannedorrestricted?A.AsetofRussiandolls. B.AbottleofFrenchwine.C.AbrickofAustraliancheese. D.ApackageofSpanishcigarettes.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章是一篇关于能够带入英国物品的说明，包括可以带入的物品、要被征税的物品和烟酒类产品的起征额度等信息。【1题详解】细微环节理解题。依据Alcohol&tobaccoallowance表格中“Beer：16litres(啤酒：16升)”是全部商品中数额最大的，故“啤酒”这种来自欧盟以外的产品有最大的免税额度。故选A。【2题详解】细微环节理解题。依据“Therateofdutyortaxonitemsabovetheallowanceis:●2.5%forgoodsworthupto£630(超过免税额的物品的税率为：●630英镑以下的商品价格为2.5%)”可知，一个来自中国的人在美国买一枚价值500英镑的戒指要交税500*2.5%=12.5英镑。故选B。【3题详解】细微环节理解题。依据“Goodsbannedinclude:●meatanddairyproductsfrommostnon-EUcountries.(禁止的商品包括：来自大多数非欧盟国家的肉类和奶制品)”可知，澳大利亚奶酪砖会被禁止带入。故选C。BFranciscoFernandezdiedafterfallingoffamotorbike.The45-year-oldwasabelovedcommunityfigure.Butwithapublic-facingjobandaspotonhislung,hewasconsideredapossibleCOVID-19carrier.Adoctororderedhisfamilytoburyhimquickly,againstPhilippinetradition,andalleightpeoplewholivedwithhimwereputundera14-dayquarantine(隔离)intheircrowdedhome.YetwhenAnthonyCortez,thedoctorwhohadorderedtherushedburialandquarantine,arrivedtocheckontheFernandezfamily,noneofthemexpressedanger.Instead,faceslitupandthekidswavedeagerly.Cortez,theonlycommunitydoctorinBambang,hasoverseentheirmedicalcareforyears.Theytrusthim,andhemakesthemlaugh.Thefamilygatheredoutsidetohavetheirtemperaturestakenbythedoctor.WhenthekidstriedtogiveCortezhighfivesfornothavingafever,the56-year-old,inasurgicalmask,faceshield,andrubbergloves,showed"airfives"instead.Forthe56000peoplelivinginBambang,Cortezistheirprimarycaregiverandthefirstresponder.Whenthefirstcoronavirus(冠状病毒)caseinthePhilippineswasconfirmedonJanuary30,thetown'sresponsefelltoCortez.HeandMayorPepitoBalgosdecidedtotakeactionbasedonsciencethat,ifnecessary,wouldgobeyondnationalrestrictions.CortezandBalgosaresharplyawareofthethreatthevirusposestoBambang,whichsitsinavalleysurroundedbymountains.AnyonegoingsouthtoManilaornorthtowardtherestofthecountryendsuppassingthroughBambang.Cortezquicklysetupasystemofcontacttracing.Usinginformationfromthetown's25villages,hemadealistofallthepeoplewhohadtraveledtoothercountries,andplacedthemunderstricthomequarantine.Anyonewithsymptomswouldbemovedtoacentersetupinthemountains.Sofarthatcenterhasremainedempty."Itissafertoassumethateverybodyispositive,"heexplained.4.WhatisCortez'reactiontothedeathofFranciscoFernandez?A.Expressinghissympathy. B.Drowninghimselfintomourn.C.Showingprofessionalsensitivity. D.Followingthetradition.5.OnwhatbasisdoesCorteztakestrictmeasurestoprotectBambang?AItsgeographiccharacter. B.Itslackofmedicalstaff.C.Itslargepopulation. D.Thedemandofthenation.6.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecontacttracingsystembyCortez?A.Itistotallyawasteofeffort. B.Itiscomplainedaboutbylocalpeople.C.Itispraisedbyhigherauthorities. D.Itiseffectiveasaprotectivemeans.7.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Anovel. C.Amagazine. D.Abiography.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了乡村医生Cortez针对村民感染新冠病毒的现状，结合国家疫情防控形势和村子的地理特征，坚决实行措施，降低村民感染率的故事。【4题详解】推理推断题。由第一段内容尤其是最终一句“Adoctororderedhisfamilytoburyhimquickly,againstPhilippinetradition,andalleightpeoplewholivedwithhimwereputundera14-dayquarantine(隔离)intheircrowdedhome.”可知，Cortez依据死者的死亡检查报告和疫情状况，快速做出反应并马上对死者的家人实行隔离措施。由此可推知，Cortez呈现出了他的职业敏感性。故选C项。【5题详解】细微环节理解题。由第四段最终两句“CortezandBalgosaresharplyawareofthethreatthevirusposestoBambang,whichsitsinavalleysurroundedbymountains.AnyonegoingsouthtoManilaornorthtowardtherestofthecountryendsuppassingthroughBambang.”可知，Bambang地处交通要道，Cortez意识到疫情可能会对它产生影响，确定实行严格的防控措施。故选A项。【6题详解】推理推断题。由倒数其次段最终两句“Anyonewithsymptomswouldbemovedtoacentersetupinthemountains.Sofarthatcenterhasremainedempty.”可知，任何出现了症状的人都会被送往山区的隔离点，而现在山区的隔离点还没有人。由此可推知，Cortez建立的接触追踪系统是有效的。故选D项。【7题详解】推理推断题。通读全文可知，文章讲解并描述了乡村医生Cortez投身于新冠病毒防控的故事。由此可推知，本文很有可能选自杂志。故选C项。CWiththeweathergettinghot,bitescausedbymosquitoesnotonlyannoypeople,butcanresultinmanyinfectiousdiseases.Evenwhenpeoplewearlongclothes,mosquitoes'complexbitingmechanismenablesthemtobitesomeofthemthrough.Itwouldbegreatifclothingcouldbeusedtocompletelypreventpeoplefromgettingbitten.Researcherstestedgraphene(石墨烯),amaterialthatisincrediblythinbutreallystrong,inordertofindoutifitcanmakeclothingresistanttomosquitoes.Inthelabexperiment,volunteersexposedasmallpatchofskinontheirarmorhandtoroughly100mosquitoesforfiveminutesatatime.Researcherstestedthreedifferentsituations:volunteerswearingnoprotection,wearingcheesecloth(薄纱棉布),orwearingcheeseclothplusathingraphenelayerunderit.Avideocamerawasthenusedtorecordandquantifymosquitoes'behavior,includingwhethertheylandedontheskin,howlongtheystayedthere,andwhethertheybegantodrawblood.Thenumberofbiteseachvolunteergotwasalsocalculatedbasedonhowmanyswellingsdevelopedontheirskinafterward.Finally,researchersdroppedalittlewaterorsweatontopofthegraphenelayerandstudiedtheconsequence,andtheyalsotestedaslightlydifferentgraphenelayercalled"reducedgraphene".Asaresult,thenumberofmosquitobitesonnakedskinwasthehighest,about16onaverage;skinonlyprotectedbycheeseclothgotthesecond,approximately10perfiveminutes'exposure.Theexcitingfindingwasthattherewasnoswellingdevelopingonskincoveredbythethingraphenelayerundercheesecloth,whichmeansthematerialiseffectiveatpreventingmosquitobites.Themosquitoeslandedonskintotallyuncoveredorcoveredincheeseclothabout23timesonaverage,andstayedforonetotwominutes.Comparatively,themosquitoeslandedonskincoveredinthegraphenelayerfewerthan10times,andthelengthoftheirstaywasmuchshorter.Besides,waterorsweatcanruinthegraphenelayer,whichallowsmosquitoestobitethroughit.Butfortunately,thenumberofmosquitobitesineitherdryorwetconditionscanbeloweredaslongasthegraphenematerialisimprovedtoacertainextent.8.Whydidresearchersconducttheexperiment?A.Torecordthebehaviorofmosquitoes.B.Tofindasubstancetopreventmosquitobites.C.Tofindasolutiontostopinfectiousdiseases.D.Totestgraphene'seffectivenessinpreventingmosquitobites.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"draw"inPargraph4probablymean?A.bleed B.lose C.test D.suck10.Inwhichwaydidresearchersdrawaconclusion?A.Byanalyzingthereasons. B.Bycomparingthestatistics.C.Byclassifyingthreesituations. D.Byrecordingmosquitoes'behavior.11.Whichofthefollowingshowshowthetextisdeveloped?A.Cause-effect. B.Opinion-fact.C.Assumption-conclusion. D.Phenomenon-evaluation.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲解并描述科学家们通过探讨发觉石墨烯制成的衣服在应对蚊虫叮咬方面有肯定的效果。【8题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段“Itwouldbegreatifclothingcouldbeusedtocompletelypreventpeoplefromgettingbitten.Researcherstestedgraphene(石墨烯),amaterialthatisincrediblythinbutreallystrong,inordertofindoutifitcanmakeclothingresistanttomosquitoes.（假如衣服能完全防止人们被咬，那就太好了。探讨人员测试了石墨烯，一种特别薄但特别牢固的材料，以确定它是否能使衣服反抗蚊子。）”可知，探讨者做这个试验的目的是测试石墨烯预防蚊虫叮咬的有效性。故选D。【9题详解】词义揣测题。依据划线单词所在句“Avideocamerawasthenusedtorecordandquantifymosquitoes'behavior,includingwhethertheylandedontheskin,howlongtheystayedthere,andwhethertheybegantodrawblood（然后用一台摄像机记录和量化蚊子的行为，包括它们是否落在皮肤上，停留多长时间，以及它们是否起先吸血。）和常识可知，蚊子停留在人的皮肤上目的就是吸血，由此可知，此处"draw"的意思是suck“吸”。故选D。【10题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段“Asaresult,thenumberofmosquitobitesonnakedskinwasthehighest,about16onaverage;skinonlyprotectedbycheeseclothgotthesecond,approximately10perfiveminutes'exposure.（结果，蚊子叮咬袒露皮肤的次数最多，平均约16次;只有粗棉布爱护的皮肤得到其次，大约每5分钟10次。）和“Themosquitoeslandedonskintotallyuncoveredorcoveredincheeseclothabout23timesonaverage,andstayedforonetotwominutes.（这些蚊子平均有23次着陆在没有遮盖的皮肤上，或者被纱布覆盖，停留1到2分钟。）”可推知，探讨者们通过比较数据得出结论的。故选B。【11题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段“Itwouldbegreatifclothingcouldbeusedtocompletelypreventpeoplefromgettingbitten.（假如衣服能被用来完全防止人们被叮咬，那就太好了。）”和最终一段“Butfortunately,thenumberofmosquitobitesineitherdryorwetconditionscanbeloweredaslongasthegraphenematerialisimprovedtoacertainextent.（但幸运的是，只要石墨烯材料在肯定程度上得到改善，无论是干燥还是潮湿条件下，蚊子叮咬的次数都可以降低。）”可得知，本文通过先提出假设再得出结论的方式来介绍本文内容的。故选C。DChinesescientistshaveusedlaserstoaccuratelyidentifyspacedebrisintheEarth'sorbit.Theteamappliedaspeciallydevelopedsetofrulestolaser-rangingtelescopes,whichenabledthemtoidentifyspacejunkmoreeffectivelythanprevioustechniques.“Afterimprovingthepointingaccuracyofthetelescopethroughaneuralnetwork,spacedebriswithacrosssectionalareaofonesquaremeteratadistanceof1,500kilometerscanhedetected,”TianmingMa,anauthorofthestudyfromtheChineseAcademyofSurveyingandMapping,saidinastatement.AccordingtoNASA,orbitaldebrisisanyman-madeobjectinorbitaroundtheEarththatnolongerservesausefulfunction.Debriscanincludenon-functionalspacecraft,abandonedlaunchvehiclestages,andothermission-relatedspacejunk.ItposesasignificantrisktoastronautsandspacecraftinorbitabovetheEarthasittravelsveryfast-upto18,000milesperhour,whichisfasterthanabullet.Worryingly,thereareestimatedtobemanymillionsoftinydebrispiecesinlow-Earthorbit,andtensofthousandstimeslargerthanasoftball,thespaceagencysaid.Fortunately,therehavebeensurprisinglyfewcollisions.Inthestudy,Maandhisteamusedtwodifferentneuralnetworkstohelpidentifyspacedebriswiththelaser-rangingtelescope.Theythentestedthismethodagainstmoretraditionaltechniques.Accordingtotheteam,thisisthefirsttimethatneuralnetworkshavebeenusedtosignificantlyimprovethepointingaccuracyofalaser-rangingtelescope.Theysaythelatestfindingscouldhavesignificantimplicationsformanoeuvringspacecraftinorbit.Laser-rangingtechnologyhaspreviouslybeenusedtodetectspacejunk.However,thesesystemshavelimitationswhenitcomestoaccuratelyidentifyingsmall,fast-movingpieces.Infact,previouslaser-rangingmethodshaveonlybeenaccuratetoabout0.6miles.Inanattempttooverconetheinaccuraciesoflaser-rangingtechniques,theChineseteamusedso-calledneuralnetworkstoimprovetheeffectivenessoftheirtelescopesystem.Neuralnetworksarecomputingsystemswhichareinspiredbybiologicalnetworksinthebrainandhavetheabilitytolearntobecomebetterattaskswithoutbeinggivenaspecificsetofrulestofollow.12.HowhaveChinesescientistsmadeprogressinidentifyingspacedebris?A.Byimprovingtheaccuracyoflasertechnology.B.Byadoptingnewlydevelopedtelescopesystems.C.Byupgradingtheadvancedtraditionaltechnology.D.Byapplyingneuralnetworkstolaser-rangingtelescopes.13.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theintroductiontoorbitaldebris. B.Theadvantagesofneuralnetwork.C.ThethreatofspacejunktotheEarth. D.Theimportanceofdetectingspacedebris.14.Whatisthepurposeofthefourthparagraph?A.Toaddsomebackgroundinformation. B.Toprovidesomeadviceforscientists.C.Tosummarizethepreviousparagraphs. D.Tointroduceanewtopicfordiscussion.15.Whatdoweknowaboutneuralnetworksfromthelastparagraph?A.Theycanspeedupcomputingsystems.B.Theycanlearntoperformbetterindependently.C.Theycandetectspacejunkinlow-Earthorbit.D.Theycanperformtasksaccuratelyunderasetofrules.【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.B【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明白中国科学家已经运用激光精确识别了地球轨道上空间碎片。文章对这项技术进行了简洁说明，介绍了轨道碎片的相关学问以及这项探讨的一些背景学问。【12题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段“Theteamappliedaspeciallydevelopedsetofrulestolaser-rangingtelescopes,whichenabledthemtoidentifyspacejunkmoreeffectivelythanprevioustechniques.‘Afterimprovingthepointingaccuracyofthetelescopethroughaneuralnetwork,spacedebriswithacrosssectionalareaofonesquaremeteratadistanceof1,500kilometerscanhedetected,’TianmingMa,anauthorofthestudyfromtheChineseAcademyofSurveyingandMapping,saidinastatement.(该团队将一套特地开发的规则应用于激光测距望远镜，使他们能够比以往的技术更有效地识别太空垃圾。‘通过神经网络提高望远镜的指向精度后，在1500公里的距离上，横截面面积为1平方米的空间碎片就可以被他发觉。’来自中国测绘科学院的探讨作者马天明说)”可知，在太空碎片识别方面，中国科学家通过将神经网络应用于激光测距望远镜从而取得了进展。故选D。【13题详解】主旨大意题。依据第三段“AccordingtoNASA,orbitaldebrisisanyman-madeobjectinorbitaroundtheEarththatnolongerservesausefulfunction.Debriscanincludenon-functionalspacecraft,abandonedlaunchvehiclestages,andothermission-relatedspacejunk.ItposesasignificantrisktoastronautsandspacecraftinorbitabovetheEarthasittravelsveryfast-upto18,000milesperhour,whichisfasterthanabullet.Worryingly,thereareestimatedtobemanymillionsoftinydebrispiecesinlow-Earthorbit,andtensofthousandstimeslargerthanasoftball,thespaceagencysaid.Fortunately,therehavebeensurprisinglyfewcollisions.(依据美国国家航空航天局的说法，轨道碎片是指在地球轨道上的人造物体，它们不再有任何有用的功能。碎片包括无法运用的航天器、废弃的运载火箭级和其他与任务相关的太空垃圾。它的速度高达每小时1.8万英里，比子弹还快，这对地球上空轨道上的宇航员和航天器构成了重大风险。令人担忧的是，据估计近地轨道上有数以百万计的微小碎片，比垒球大数万倍，航天局说。所幸的是，碰撞事务稀奇的少)”可知，第三段的主要内容是介绍轨道碎片。故选A。【14题详解】推理推断题。依据第四段内容“Inthestudy,Maandhisteamusedtwodifferentneuralnetworkstohelpidentifyspacedebriswiththelaser-rangingtelescope.Theythentestedthismethodagainstmoretraditionaltechniques.Accordingtotheteam,thisisthefirsttimethatneuralnetworkshavebeenusedtosignificantlyimprovethepointingaccuracyofalaser-rangingtelescope.Theysaythelatestfindingscouldhavesignificantimplicationsformanoeuvringspacecraftinorbit.(在这项探讨中，马和他的团队运用两种不同的神经网络来帮助激光测距望远镜识别空间碎片。然后，他们用更传统的技术来测试这种方法。据该团队称，这是神经网络首次被用于显著提高激光测距望远镜的指向精度。他们表示，最新的发觉可能对操纵轨道上的航天器具有重大意义)”可推知，第四段主要介绍了一些这项探讨背景，即第四段的目的是补充一些背景信息。故选A。【15题详解】细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中“Neuralnetworksarecomputingsystemswhichareinspiredbybiologicalnetworksinthebrainandhavetheabilitytolearntobecomebetterattaskswithoutbeinggivenaspecificsetofrulestofollow.(神经网络是一种计算系统，它受到大脑中生物网络的启发，有实力在没有特定规则遵循的状况下学习并更好地完成任务)”可知，神经网络可以学会更好地独立完成任务。故选B。其次节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtocongratulatesomeoneJoyfultimegoeshandinhandwithcongratulations.Whenyouaddressgraduates,newly-weds,oranyonewithgoodnews,ahearty"Congratulations!"isinorder.Tosendcongratulationsmoreeffectively,you'dbetterobeythefollowingthreetips.___16___Whenthereissomethingtocelebrate,don'tskirtaroundtheissue.Explainwhyyoucongratulatethepersonrightoffthebat.____17____Besides,youshouldsettherighttoneandsendcongratulationswiththerightwordstoshareintheperson'shappinessmoreeasily.Expresshowyoufeelaboutthesubject.____18____Forinstance,youmaysaythatyouadorethepersonwhotrieshardtoachievehisorhergoal,ormerelysay"I'msohappyforyou".Rememberthatyourtoneofvoicecanreallycarryweight.___19___Trytomakeyourcongratulationssincere.Yououghttomakeyourwordsandactionsheartfelt,forwhateverreasonyousendcongratulationstosomeone.Surelytherewillbemomentswhenyourcomplimentsarenotgivenfromthebottomofyourheart.____20____Remindyourselftocongratulateotherpeopleratherthannursingjealousy,becausetheremaycomeatimewhenit'syourturntobeinthespotlight.A.Spreadtheword.B.Beasexpressiveasyoucan.C.Bringupthesubject.D.Butyou'dbetterbeasgenerousaspossible.E.Youcanalsotellhimorherhowyouheardthenewsifnecessary.F.Youfeelforcedtocongratulatesomeonewhenyouarenotreallyhappyforthem.G.Youcanfurtherconveyyourfeelingsappropriatelyaftersaying“congratulations.”【答案】16.C17.E18.G19.B20.D【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。短文介绍了了如何庆贺别人的三个技巧。【详解】1.依据选项位置以及其次段中“Whenthereissomethingtocelebrate,don'tskirtaroundtheissue.”当有什么值得庆祝的时候，不要回避这个问题。可知，在有值得庆祝的事情时，不要回避话题，即我们要提出这个话题。选项C.“Bringupthesubject”提起话题，可以概括本段。故选C。2.依据前文“Explainwhyyoucongratulatethepersonrightoffthebat.”说明一下你为什么要立刻庆贺那个人。选项E.“Youcanalsotellhimorherhowyouheardthenewsifnecessary.”假如有必要，你也可以告知他或她，你是怎么听到这个消息的。是对上文的说明，故选E。3.依据前文“Expresshowyoufeelaboutthesubject.”表达你对这个话题的感受。可知，接下来为阐述你对这件事情的感受。选项G.“Youcanfurtherconveyyourfeelingsappropriatelyaftersaying“congratulations.”你可以在说完”恭喜”之后，再进一步表达你的感受。是对前文的补充和持续，符合文意，故选G。4.上文提到“Rememberthatyourtoneofvoicecanreallycarryweight”记住你的语气要有重量，所以在表达情感时要留意语气，尽量表现出来，选项B.“Beasexpressiveasyoucan.”尽可能的表现出来。符合文意，故选B。5.结合上文提到“Surelytherewillbemomentswhenyourcomplimentsarenotgivenfromthebottomofyourheart.”当然，有些时候你的赞美不是发自内心的选项与上文为转折关系。选项D.“Butyou'dbetterbeasgenerousaspossible.”但你最好尽量慷慨一点。呼应主题句“尽量使你的庆贺真诚”。故选D。第三部分语言学问运用（共两节，满分55分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。OnachillydayinFebruary2012,twoRussianhuntersdiscoveredalimpbundleoffurlyinginthesnow.Itwasanorphanedcub!Thecubhadn'teatenindays,andwas____21____enoughforthehuntersjusttopickherup.Dr.DaleMiquelle,directoroftheWildlifeConservationSociety'sRussiaProgram,said,"Ahealthytigercub,evenathree-month-oldone,wouldgiveyoureasonto____22____beforeyoustuckyourhandtooclosetoitsteethandclaws.Butthiscut)hadno____23____leftinher.Thehunterswrappedthecubinacoatand____24____hertoalocalwildlifeinspector,AndreyOryol.Overthefollowingweeks,Oryol____25____theorphanedcubbacktohealth.Butnowhehadanewproblem:Whatcouldhedowithan____26____three-month-oldtiger?ThecubwasanAmurtiger____27____asmallnumberofAmurtigersremainedinthewild,soscientistswantedtoreturn____28____cubstotheirnaturalhabitat.Theorphanedcut)wastakentoanewwildlifecenter.Thecenterwasdesignedforraisingwildanimalswithout____29____themtopeople.Ituseshiddencamerasandcoveredfencestokeepworkersoutof____30____.Thatway,theanimalsdon'tbecome____31____onhumans.Thecub,nownamedCinderella,becamethecenter'sfirsttiger.Overthenextyear,shegrewintoabig,healthytigress.Inthecenter,shelearnedtohunt.Bythespringof2013,expertsagreedshewas____32____toreturntothewild.Theychosetheperfectnew____33____fortheirtigerprincess:theBastakNatureReserve.Duringthenexttwoyears,researcherswatchedCinderella's____34____.Theysetupcamerastosnapphotos.WhenCinderellapassedinfrontofoneofthesecamera____35____,ittookherpicture.Cinderellanotonly____36____,butgrewhealthyandstrong.Then,inDecember2015,thecameras____37____excitingnews:Cinderellahadbecomeamother!Forthefirsttimeever,atigerthathumanshad____38____andreturnedtothewildhadgivenbirthtotwocubsofherown.Tigersaresomeofthemostadmiredanimalsonourplanet,buttheyarealso____39____.ThankstotheworkofconservationistslikeDr.Miquelle,thereisnew____40____forthesemagnificentcats.21.A.lazy B.pale C.hungry D.weak22.A.pause B.hurt C.wonder D.hide23.A.mercy B.effort C.fight D.will24.A.reported B.returned C.guided D.delivered25.A.taught B.nursed C.pulled D.trained26.A.energetic B.intelligent C.excited D.amazing27.A.Almost B.Still C.Even D.Only28.A.newly-born B.hunted C.wounded D.rescued29.A.exposing B.sending C.offering D.selling30.A.place B.order C.sight D.mind31.A.dependent B.defensive C.concentrated D.keen32.A.welcome B.interested C.eager D.ready33.A.continent B.neighborhood C.border D.habitat34.A.progress B.reaction C.appearance D.figure35.A.types B.traps C.shots D.scenes36.A.succeeded B.survived C.recovered D.explored37.A.edited B.expected C.prepared D.revealed38.A.witnessed B.traded C.raised D.examined39.A.dominated B.endangered C.preserved D.stressed40.A.passion B.home C.hope D.help【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.D25.B26.A27.D28.D29.A30.C31.A32.D33.D34.A35.B36.B37.D38.C39.B40.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了在2012年2月两个猎人救下了一只虚弱的老虎幼崽，交给当地的野生动物检查员，人们照看并哺育了这只名为Cinderella的老虎，并最终将她放归到了Bastak自然爱护区里，2015年12月，有史以来第一次，Cinderella这只被人类养大并返回野外的老虎生下了两只幼崽。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这只幼崽已经几天没吃东西了，身体已经很虚弱了，猎手们只能把它抱起来。A.lazy懒散的；B.pale苍白的；C.sleepy困倦的；D.weak虚弱的。依据上文“Thecubhadn’teatenindays”可知幼崽好几天没吃东西，很虚弱。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一只健康的老虎幼崽，即使是三个月大的幼崽，在你把手离它的牙齿和爪子太近之前，都会让你有理由停下来。A.pause暂停；B.hurt损害；C.wonder想知道；D.hide隐藏。结合上文“Ahealthytigercub,evenathree-month-oldone,wouldgiveyoureasonto”可知一只健康的老虎幼崽即使是三个月大也很具有攻击性，人会在手靠近它的牙齿之前停下来。故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这只幼崽已经无力抗拒了。A.mercy慈爱；B.effort努力；C.fight抗拒，斗争；D.will意志。结合上文“thehuntersjusttopickherup”可知这只幼崽很虚弱，已经无力抗拒只能让猎手把它抱起来。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：猎人们用外套把幼崽包袱起来，交给当地的野生动物检查员AndreyOryol。A.reported报道；B.returned返回；C.guided指导；D.delivered交给，递送。结合后文“hertoalocalwildlifeinspector,AndreyOryol”可知是将这只幼崽交给当地的野生动物检查员AndreyOryol。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几周里，Oryol照料着这只孤儿幼崽，使其复原了健康。A.taught教；B.nursed照料；C.pulled拉；D.tra