高中英语句子成分分析课件

初高中英语衔接之一

句子成分在英语中，句子成分有：主语谓语表语宾语定语状语补足语同位语主语（subject）:

概念：

句子说明的人或事物

可以充当主语的有：

名词

代词

数词

不定式

动名词

主语从句如：Thesunrisesintheeast.Pandasarelovelyanimals.Helikesdancing.Fourismyluckynumber.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.找出下列句子的主语并指出是由什么充当Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Youngpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Whathesaidistrue.专有名词代词数词不定式动名词名词主语从句____________________________________________________________________________2.谓语（predicate）

概念

说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

如：Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.练习：找出下列句中的谓语：WeloveChina.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.HecanspeakEnglish.Sheseemstired._______________________________________________________3.表语（predicative）:

概念：用在系动词后表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

如：Heisateacher.Fiveandfiveisten.Heisasleep.Hisfatherisin.Thepictureisonthewall.Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.Toseeistobelieve.Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.

名词数词形容词副词介词短语形容词不定式表语从句常见的系动词有：be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),remain(保持，仍是),stay(保持),keep(保持),grow(变得),become(变得),turn(变得),get(变得),go(变得),seem(似乎),appear(出现),prove(证明是),turnout(结果是)等。练习：指出下列句子的表语并指出由什么充当Iamateacher.Theyareontheplayground.MyjobisteachingEnglish.Itgetscold.Itsoundsinteresting.名词介词短语动名词形容词形容词____________________________________________________________________________________4.宾语

概念：谓语动词作用的对象，即动作的承受者。

如：IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Ihopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?名词代词数词动名词不定式宾语从句练习：找出下列句子的宾语并指出由什么充当Weoftenhelphim.Helikestoplaybasketball.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.Shesaidthatshefeltsick.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstudent.______代词__________________________不定式______________________________动名词_______________________宾语从句________________________名词5.宾补

概念：

对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。有些

及物动词除了有一个宾语以外，还要有一

个宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的动作、身

份、状态、性质、特征等，使句子的意义

完整。Weelectedhimmonitor. Wewillmakethemhappy. 名词形容词Wefoundnobodyin. Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Don’tlethimdothat.Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Don’tkeepthelightsburning.I’llhavemybikerepaired.副词介词短语省to的不定式带to的不定式现在分词过去分词6.主补

概念：

对主语的补充，全称为主语补足语。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.名词现在分词不定式7.定语

概念：

修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。如果定语是由一个单词充当时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子充当时，通常则后置。Lukeisachemistryteacher.Heisourfriend. Webelongtothethirdworld. 名词代词数词Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.TheboysplayingfootballarefromClass2. Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.

过去分词Ihaveanideatodoitwell.YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.形容词副词介词短语现在分词不定式定语从句8.状语

概念：

用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子。表示时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式、比较和让步。

Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeeting-room. Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.时间状语地点状语原因状语HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailed