新教材高中英语课时练习十三Unit5StartingoutUnderstandingideas课件外研版选择性

十三Unit5

Startingout&Understandingideasappreciatetrappedconservation5.Thecitywas__chaosafterthesevereearthquake.6.Thepopulationhasreduced___________(dramatic)becauseofthewar.7.Thosenurses____________(subsequent)receivedawardsfortheirselflesscontributions.8.Khartoumhas________(explode)withangerataccusationsofblasphemyinthepast.9.Buthe______(turn)outtobeimmatureandirresponsible.10.Shetookoverhisworkafterhis_________(depart).

indramaticallysubsequentlyexplodedturneddeparturecameupwithinconsequencewastrappedin4.Wehumanbeingsaredoingdamagetonature,and______,natureisalsoaffectingman’slife.

5.Thenumberofpoormenis______________astheeconomyisgrowing.

6.Sinceyourson________________music,youshouldcultivatehistalentinthisfield.

7.Hewrotealettertohisteacherwherehe_____hissuccess__histeacher.

inturnonthedecreasehasanappetiteforowedtonor/neitherwillIwithastickinhishandnotuntilhiswifepassedawaymadeitpossible5.Theoldmanwouldsitinfrontofthehouse,___________________________________.

老人会坐在屋子前面,望着远处的山。staringatthemountainsinthedistanceⅣ.结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型,根据提示写一篇80词左右的短文1.近年来,据研究表明,雪豹(snowleopard)的数量有了显著的增加。2.但是之前,它们的栖息地被严重破坏了。3.很多山坡由于冰雪融化而导致坍塌,这对雪豹的生存产生了巨大威胁,致使雪豹数量减少。4.保护区随之建立,以保护这种珍稀的动物。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Asweallknow,thehabitatofsnowleopards,afirst-classnationalprotectedanimal,wasseriouslydestroyedyearsago.Manyhillsidescollapsedowingtothemeltingofsnow,whichthreatenedtheirsurvivalandthenumberofsnowleopardsdecreasedsharply.Inordertoprotectthem,naturereserveshavebeensetup,wheretheyarewellprotected.Oureffortshavefinallypaidoff.Inrecentyears,accordingtostudies,thenumberofsnowleopardshasmultiplieddramatically.【主题阅读】Ⅰ.阅读理解A

Themomentyouopenyoureyesinthemorning,youcanfeelsweatrunningdownyourbody,evenifyou’rebarelymovingatall.That’swhatmostpeopleinChinafeltlikethissummer.Infact,theentirenorthernhemisphere(半球)sawhightemperaturesinJuly.TheArcticCirclewasnoexception.TemperaturesinthecityofNorilsk,whichisintheArcticCircle,reachedarecordhighof32℃,the

Atlanticreported.Temperaturesthereareusuallyjust10℃atthistimeoftheyear.

TheheatwaveintheArcticismainlyalong-termresultofglobalwarming,accordingtotheChineseAcademyofMeteorologicalSciences.Actually,whilethewholeworldisgettingwarmer,theArcticiswarmingtwiceasfastastherestoftheplanet.Thisiscalledthepolaramplificationeffect(极地放大效应).

ThemostdirectimpactofArcticwarmingisthemeltingofArcticice.AccordingtoNASA,Arcticseaiceisnowdisappearingatarateof13.2percentevery10years.NASAsaidthatifthiscontinues,theArcticwillhavenoicebytheyear2040.ThishasputsomeArcticanimals,likepolarbears,indanger.Theicethatthebearsliveonhasshrunk,theToronto

Starreported.Meltingicecanalsocausesealevelstoriseinthelongterm.Since1993,sealevelshaverisenatarateof3.2cmevery10years,theGuardianreported.Somecountries,suchasTuvalu(图瓦卢)intheSouthPacificOceanandMaldives(马尔代夫)intheIndianOcean,areatriskofdisappearingintothesea.【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章主要说明由于全球变暖,北极地区遭到热浪袭击以及带来的影响。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inthethirdparagraphreferto?A.TheheatwaveintheArctic.B.Theresultofglobalwarming.C.Gettingwarmerintheworld.D.TheArcticgettingwarmfaster.【解析】选D。词义猜测题。画线词前一句提到“whilethewholeworldisgettingwarmer,theArcticiswarmingtwiceasfastastherestoftheplanet.”而This指代前一句的内容。由此可知,This是指北极变暖的速度更快。故选D。3.WhatmayhappentotheArcticanimals?A.They’llnotdisappearinthefuture.B.They’llliveontheland.C.They’llgraduallyhavenohabitat.D.They’llshrink.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“theArcticwillhavenoicebytheyear2040.ThishasputsomeArcticanimals,likepolarbears,indanger.”可知,由于冰层缩小,北极的动物将逐渐失去它们的栖息地。故选C。4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Arcticanimalsareindanger.B.HeatishittingtheArctic.C.Theworldisgettingwarmerthanbefore.D.Somecountriesmaydisappearintothesea.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中的“TheArcticCirclewasnoexception.”,第三段中的“TheheatwaveintheArcticismainlyalong-termresultofglobalwarming”以及第四段中的“ThemostdirectimpactofArcticwarmingisthemeltingofArcticice.”可知,文章是主要讲了热浪正在袭击北极地区以及带来的不良影响。故选B。Bingeinghasotherconnections—bingeeating,bingedrinkingandbingesmoking.Allofthemareoftenassociatedwithalackofcontrolandapossibleroutetoaddiction.LindseyFussell,consumergroupdirector,said:“Thedaysofwaitingaweekforthenextepisodearelargelygone,withpeoplefindingithardtoresistwatchingmultipleepisodesaroundthehouseoronthemove.”Ifpeoplefindbinge-watchinghardtoresist,arewewitnessingthebirthofanewtypeofaddiction?5.Howdidthewriterdevelopthefirstparagraph?A.Bygivingadefinition.B.Bytellingastory.C.Bylistingsomeexamples.D.Byanalyzingthecauseandeffect.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第一段中Binge-watchingiswhenapersonwatchesmorethanoneepisodeofashowinquicksuccession.可知,刷剧指一个人在短时间内连续看多集电视剧,这是对刷剧的定义,由此可推断作者是通过给出Binge-watching的定义来开启文章的,故选A。6.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“concurrently”inParagraph2?A.forconvenience

B.atthesametimeC.indetail D.freeofcharge【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在后文可知当这一集结束后,许多平台会弹出“你可能会喜欢”的提示,或者会自动播放下一集。由此可知,通常情况下,不是每周发布一集,而是同时发布一整部。故可推断concurrently在本句中意为“同时”,与atthesametime同义,故选B。7.WhatLindseysaidinParagraph4impliesthat______.

A.peoplecan’tcontroltheirfeelingsB.peoplecan’tresistthetemptationC.peoplehavenopatiencetodoworkD.peopleareaddictedtowaitingforanewepisode【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段可知,消费者组织负责人LindseyFussell说:“人们已经不再需要一周后才能看到下一集了,他们会忍不住在家里或在路上看好几集。”由此判断出刷剧的现象很严重,人们抵抗不了这种诱惑。故选B。8.Whatadvicedidthewritergiveatlast?A.Tokeeponlinemediafromstoppingfunctioning.B.Toenjoyentertainmentasmuchaspossible.C.Tolearnlifelessonsfromtheepisodes.D.Towatchepisodesinamoderateway.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段中So,what’stheanswer?Moderation!Neitheratinyamount,nortoomuch.Afterall,astheoldproverbsays,“Alittleofwhatyoufancydoesyougood.”可知,要控制,合理有度地看剧。故选D。

【点睛】词义猜测题要求根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着出现其定义或解释,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。2.根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语,对前面的词进行解释,这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测。在英语中,有很多词可以在前面加前缀,在后面加后缀,从而构成一个词,乍看起来,这个词可能是新词,但掌握了一定的构词知识,就不难猜出它的词义。4.根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇阅读中,根据原因可以预测结果,根据结果也可以找出原因。5.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。文章中的代词it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人或物,其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的事。6.根据同义关系进行猜测。当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时,其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域,进而推知其大致意思。7.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词,如but,however,otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别,从而依据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义。另外,分号也可以表示转折、对比等意义。例如小题6是根据下文的解释Oncetheepisodefinishes,manyplatformswilldisplaypop-upswith“youmightlike”suggestions,orwillautomaticallyplaythenextepisode.当这一集结束后,许多平台会弹出“你可能会喜欢”的提示,或者会自动播放下一集。由此可知,通常情况下,不是每周发布一集,而是同时发布一整部。故可推断concurrently在本句中意为“同时”,与atthesametime同义,故选B。Ⅱ.阅读填句(2020·哈尔滨高二检测)

Reforestationistherestorationprocessofthedestroyedordamagedforests.Treesareplantedinthatparticulardestroyedareaofforeststorecoverthelossofnature.Thedamagecausedtonatureshouldberecoveredtoprotectourbalancedlifecycle.

1

.

ReductionofcarbondioxideintheairForestsperformanimportantpartinreducingcarbondioxidefromtheair.Theincreasingprocessofindustrializationhaspollutedtheairwebreathein.

2

.Treesareasourceofoxygentodecreasetheamountofcarbondioxideintheair.Theymaintainabalanceintheenvironmentbyimprovingthequalityofair.Therefore,theeasiestwaytoreducetheseenvironmentpollutingchemicalsandcarbondioxideisreforestation.

3

Thereductionofmanyforestsintheworldhasdamagedbiodiversityverybadly.Theanimalsthatusedtoliveintheseforestsareforcedoutduetothedestruction.

4

.Allthehabitatsneedaspecificenvironmentandconditionsforanimalstolivethere.Reforestationisessentialtosavebiodiversityandanimalslivingintheirsuitableenvironment.

Fightingglobalwarming

5

,whichcreatesaclimaticchangeandglobalwarming.Tofightglobalwarming,weneedtorestoreourdamagedforestsonaprioritybasis.Globalwarminghasincreasedthetemperatureandmeltingofglaciershascausedariseinsealevel.Therefore,theimportanceofreforestationshouldnotbedeniedandtreesmustbeplantedtorestoredestroyedforests.

A.RecoveringbiodiversityB.RestoringvarioushabitatsC.TherearehundredsofeconomicbenefitsrelatedtotheforestsD.TheimportanceofreforestationcanbeevaluatedfromthefollowingE.AlargenumberoffactoriesarepollutingtheenvironmentwithsmokeF.TheirfindinganewplacetolivedisturbsthenaturalenvironmentofanimalsG.Withthecontinuouslossoftrees,thegroundtemperaturehasstartedtoincrease【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍再造林的益处。1.【解析】选D。根据前文再造林是对被破坏或损害的森林进行恢复的过程。在被破坏的森林区域种植树木,以恢复自然的损失。我们应该恢复对自然造成的破坏,以保护我们平衡的生命周期。再造林的重要性可以从以下方面来评估。故选D。2.【解析】选E。根据前句可知,工业化进程已经污染了我们所呼吸的空气。该空与其前一句构成例证关系,E选项中的“factories”(工厂)作为例证呼应前一句中的“industrialization”(工业化)。故选E。3.【解析】选A。该句为该段的段落主旨句,根据下文“世界上许多森林的减少严重地破坏了生物多样性。”中的关键词“biodiversity”可知,本段介绍恢复生物多样性的重要性。故选A。4.【解析】选F。根据前句可知,该空与前一句构成顺承关系,因动物们被驱逐而流离失所(forcedout),所以需要找到新的住所(findinganewplace);且F选项中的代词“their”指代句中的“animals”。故选F。5.【解析】选G。该空为段首句,根据后半句可知,造成气候变化和全球变暖的原因是树木的不断消失,地面温度的上升。G选项中的“temperature”与段落小标题和其后非限制性定语从句中的关键词“globalwarming”相呼应,故选G。Ⅲ.完形填空(2021·武汉高二检测)

Itwasadarknight.Thick,dark,graycloudshadmadesurethattherewasnostarlightormoonlightto

1

measIwalkedoutonmyporch.Still,IkepttheporchlightoffbecauseIdidn’twanttobe

2

bybugsandmothsonthis

3

summerevening.Istoodthereforawhilelettingmyeyesadjusttothelackof

4

.

Itwasthen,though,thatIsawthem.Firstoneblinkoflightatthefarendofthemeadowfollowedbyanotherandthenanother.I

5

.Irecognizedthematonceasmyfirefly(萤火虫)

6

,mylightningbugbuddieswhoalways

7

thistimeoftheyear.

WhenIwaslittleIusedtositinthegrassandwatchthem

8

flyaroundblinkingonandoff.Inever

9

andputoneinajarassomekidsdidbecauseIneverwantedtohurtthesemessengersoflight.Theirtimeonthisearthwasso

10

asitwas.Itriedtoenjoythemeachnighttheywerehere.Italways

11

mewhentheydisappearedinthefallanditalwaysmademyheart

12

whentheyreappearedthenextsummer.

Weareliketheminalotofways.Our

13

hereonearthisbrief.Oftenourlightandlovearemorelikeonandoffblinksratherthana

14

shine.Still,wedoourbesttoshareitandtake

15

inknowingthatotherswillbeshiningtheirlightlongafterwearegone.

【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者晚上到院子里,遇到喜爱的萤火虫,并且认为人类和萤火虫一样,在这个星球上,生命短暂,但即便如此,我们也要努力地用微光照亮世界。1.A.shine

B.greet

C.please

D.guide【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意:当我走出门廊时,厚厚的乌云证实没有星光或月光迎接我。根据前文“therewasnostarlightormoonlightto”和后文的“measIwalkedoutonmyporch”可知,作者走出来的时候,因为漆黑一片,因此没有月光和星光来迎接他。故选B。4.A.heat B.water C.light D.air【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意:我在那里站了一会儿,让我的眼睛适应光线不足。根据上文的“therewasnostarlightormoonlight”和“Ikepttheporchlightoff”可知当时没有光,作者在那里站了一会儿,是为了让眼睛适应光线不足的情况。故选C。5.A.frowned B.cried C.smiled D.sighed【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。根据下文的“Irecognizedthematonceasmyfirefly...”可知,作者看到了自己的萤火虫朋友,应该是微笑了。故选C。6.A.lovers B.friends C.partners D.mates【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意:我立刻认出它们是我的萤火虫朋友,我的闪电虫伙伴,它们每年这个时候都会出现。根据后面的“mylightingbugbuddies”可知,作者把萤火虫看作是自己的朋友。故选B。7.A.wentout B.gaveoutC.settleddown D.showedup【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。wentout出去,熄灭;gaveout分发,公布;settleddown定居,专心于;showedup露面,揭露。根据常识可知,萤火虫总是在每年的夏季晚上出现。故选D。8.A.fearfully B.cautiouslyC.nervously D.slowly【解析】选D。考查副词辨析。句意:当我小的时候,我常常坐在草地上,看着它们忽明忽暗慢慢地飞来飞去。根据常识和下文“putoneinajarassomekidsdid”可知,孩子们能逮住萤火虫说明它飞得慢。故选D。9.A.saw B.hit C.caught D.got【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意:我从来没有像一些孩子那样抓住它们并放进罐子里,因为我从来不想伤害这些光的使者。根据后面的“putoneinajarassomekidsdid”可知,只有逮住萤火虫才能放进罐子里。故选C。10.A.hard B.terrible C.useful D.brief【解析】选D。考查形容词辨析。句意:它们在这个世界上的时间是如此的短暂。与最后一段的“Our...hereonearthisbrief.”呼应,作者认为萤火虫在地球上的时间很短暂,不想伤害这些光的使者。故选D。11.A.depressed B.surprisedC.confused D.excited【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。句意:每当秋天它们消失的时候,我总是感到沮丧;每当第二年夏天它们再次出现的时候,我的心就在歌唱。作者把萤火虫当作朋友,所以当它们在秋天消失时,总是让作者感到沮丧。故选A。12.A.beat B.sing C.move D.tremble【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。根据后面的“whentheyreappearedthenextsummer”可知,作者喜欢萤火虫,把它们当朋友,所以它们在第二年夏天再次出现时,作者很开心。这里用心在唱歌形容作者高兴的心情。故选B。13.A.hope B.memory C.mind D.life【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意:我们和它们有很多相似之处。我们在地球上的生命也是短暂的。此处指人的生命短暂,根据前面的“Weareliketheminalotofways.”和后面的“hereonearthisbrief”可知,作者感慨人类和这些萤火虫一样,人生短暂。故选D。14.A.beautiful B.steady C.bright D.clear【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。句意:通常,我们的光和爱更像是忽明忽暗的闪烁,而不是稳定的光芒。与前面“onandoffblinks”对比,指稳定的闪耀。故选B。【补偿训练】

阅读理解(2021·合肥高二检测)

Doyoufeellonely?Ifyoudo,youarenotalone.It’smorethanapersonalmentalhealthissue.Lonelinessisaglobalissue.Half-a-millionJapanesearesufferingfromsocialisolation.TheUKrecentlyappointedaministerforloneliness,thefirstintheworld.InAustralia,VictorianstateMPFionaPatteniscallingforthesame.

FanhuiDingcameupwithastudent-runrestaurantfortheUniversityofMelbourne.Studentsgetcreditworkingonthefarmsthatsupplytherestaurant,whichcanbeusedtopayforameal.Peoplealsogetdiscountsfordiningatthesametable,encouragingstudentstointeractoverfood.Givenmanyinternationalstudentswhosufferfromloneliness,herconceptusedcooking,foodandfarmingtocureloneliness.Somestudentsdealwithfamiliarcases,suchasbuilding“PuppySociety”,anappthatconnectsapetwithmultipleowners,designingmoresocialinteractionspacesinhigh-riseapartmentbuildingsandredesigningsupermarketstomakethemplacesforpeopletovisitonaSundaymorning.Beve